Gnaphalium Affine Research Articles

Intelligent model and optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of antioxidants and amylase enzyme from Gnaphalium affine D. Don

Intelligent model and optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of antioxidants and amylase enzyme from Gnaphalium affine D. Don

Effects of Gnaphalium affine Extract on the Gel Properties of •OH-Induced Oxidation of Myofibrillar Proteins.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of Gnaphalium affine extract (GAE) (0.04, 0.2 and 1 mg/g protein) on the gel properties of porcine myofibrillar proteins (MPs) in a simulated Fenton oxidation system, using tea polyphenols (TPs) at similar concentrations of 0.04, 0.2, and 1 mg/g protein, respectively, as a contrast. The findings revealed that as the TP concentration increased, the water retention of MP gels decreased significantly (p < 0.05). In contrast, MP gels containing medium and high concentrations of GAE exhibited significantly higher water retention than those with low concentrations of GAE (p < 0.05). When the concentration of GAE was increased to 1 mg/g protein, the strength of MP gels was significantly reduced (p < 0.05) by 33.32% compared with the oxidized control group, suggesting that low and medium GAE concentrations support MP gel formation. A texture profile analysis indicated that an appropriate GAE concentration improved gel structure and texture. Dynamic rheological characterization revealed that low concentrations of TP (0.04 mg/g protein) and low and medium concentrations of GAE (0.04 and 0.2 mg/g protein) strengthened the protein gel system. Conversely, high concentrations of TP and GAE (1.0 mg/g protein) damaged the protein gel system or even promoted the collapse of the gel system. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that higher TP concentrations disrupted the gel, whereas low and medium GAE concentrations maintained a more continuous and complete gel network structure compared with the oxidized control group. This indicates that an appropriate GAE concentration could effectively hinder the destruction of the gel network structure by oxidation. Therefore, based on the obtained results, 0.2 mg/g protein is recommended as the ideal concentration of GAE to be used in actual meat processing to regulate the oxidization and gel properties of meat products.

Dietary Gnaphalium affine supplementation prevents fat accumulation and inflammation by regulating composition and metabolism of gut microbiota in high fat diet fed mice

The aim of this study was to expose anti-obesity effect of Gnaphalium affine (GA) and its underlying mechanism by combining biochemical analysis, 16S rRNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics. The results showed GA alleviated high-fat diet (HFD)-mediated oxidative stress, fat accumulation and inflammation. Moreover, GA improved gut barrier and immunity in HFD-fed mice through up-regulating tight junction protein, decreasing Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) level and inhibiting pro-inflammatory makers production in LPS/ toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) / Myd88 / NF-κB pathway. Additionally, GA and its extracts altered composition and metabolism of gut microbiota. GA promoted abundances of Dubosiella and decreased abundance of Alistipes in HFD-fed mice, which were closely linked to 5-Hydroxy-6,7-dimethoxylflavone from GA and levels of weight, inflammatory markers, gut microbial metabolites of mice. Collectively, GA offers its anti-obesity properties through regulating gut microbiota by mucosal barrier functions, indicating that GA and its natural compounds hold great potential as a functional food ingredient.

Karyomorphology of Seven Different Angiospermic Plants

The focus of this study is on the karyomorphological examination of seven angiospermic plants: Centaurea cyanus L. belonging to the Cynareae tribe; Coreopsis grandiflora Nutt. ex Chapm. and Eclipta prostrata (Linn.) Linn. from the Heliantheae tribe; Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng from the Eupatorie tribe; Gnaphalium affine D. Don. from the Inuleae tribe; Rhynchospermum verticillatum Reinw. from the Astereae tribe; and Tridax procumbens L within the Asteraceae family. Cytological analysis was used to assess the chromosome count and karyomorphology of all seven plants studied in central Nepal. The somatic chromosomal number found in this inquiry was 2n=24 for Centaurea cyanus, which has the karyotype formula M12+ m6+sm2+ st4. Similarly, 2n=26 was found for Coreopsis grandiflora, which has the karyotype formula M14+sm12 and 2n=22 for Eclipta prostrata which has the karyotype formula M14+sm6+st2. The karyotype formula for Eupatorium adenophorum is M4+m12+sm26+st8 and 2n=50, while for Gnaphalium affine, it is M10+sm4, with a 2n=14 value. The karyotype formula for Rhynchospermum verticillatum is M4+ m8+ sm6 with 2n = 18. For Tridax procumbens L, 2n = 26 whose karyotype formula is M18+m4+sm2+ st2.The examined taxa's total length varied from 0.3 µm to 2.6 µm. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 12(1): 8-18.

Effects of Gnaphalium affine extract (GAE) and sodium pyrophosphate (PP) on •OH‐induced oxidation and the structure of myofibrillar proteins

SummaryThis study investigated the effects of the combination of Gaphalium affine extract (GAE) and sodium pyrophosphate (PP) on the structure and oxidative stability of porcine myofibrillar proteins (MPs) under oxidative stress. The results showed that GAE was rich in total flavonoids and total phenols (37.09% and 67.50%, respectively). GAE had strong free radical scavenging ability, especially for •OH, and the semi‐inhibitory concentration (IC50) of •OH reached as high as 3.59 μg/mL, which was slightly lower than that of the standard antioxidant vitamin C (Vc). The addition of GAE and PP significantly inhibited the formation of carbonyl groups compared to the control group (P &lt; 0.05). The presence of GAE further promoted the loss of total sulphydryl groups by 3.52% compared to the oxidative control group (P &lt; 0.05). However, PP and PP+G significantly inhibited the loss of total sulphydryl groups (P &lt; 0.05). The further reduction in the carbonyl content, increase in the hydrogen bond content, inhibition of the conversion of sulphydryl groups to disulphide bonds, and decrease in the cross‐linking aggregation of corresponding proteins all indicate that GAE and PP could cooperatively regulate the oxidation of MPs. An appropriate amount of PP effectively modified the damage caused by GAE on both the secondary and tertiary structure of MPs to maintain their structural stability, however, a relatively higher concentration of PP led to a substantial degree of MP collapse and affected the quality of the proteins. These results suggest that the oxidative stability of MPs can be improved by the addition of an appropriate amount of GAE (0.2 mg/g protein) combined with PP (1 mM).

Integrated bioinformatics analysis for the identification of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis–related genes and potential therapeutic drugs

ObjectiveThe pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) remains unclear. We sought to identify IPF-related genes that may participate in the pathogenesis and predict potential targeted traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs).MethodsUsing IPF gene-expression data, Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were performed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks, hub genes, and competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks were constructed or identified by Cytoscape. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) experiments in TGF-β1-induced human fetal lung (HFL) fibroblast cells and a pulmonary fibrosis mouse model verified gene reliability. The SymMap database predicted potential TCMs targeting IPF. The reliability of TCMs was verified in TGF-β1-induced MRC-5 cells.MaterialsMultiple gene-expression profile data of normal lung and IPF tissues were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. HFL fibroblast cells and MRC-5 cells were purchased from Wuhan Procell Life Science and Technology Co., Ltd. (Wuhan, China). C57BL/12 mice were purchased from Beijing Vital River Laboratory Animal Technology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China).ResultsIn datasets GSE134692 and GSE15197, DEGs were identified using Wilcoxon rank-sum tests (both p < 0.05). Among them, 1885 DEGs were commonly identified, and 87% (1640 genes) had identical dysregulation directions (binomial test, p < 1.00E-16). A PPI network with 1623 nodes and 8159 edges was constructed, and 18 hub genes were identified using the Analyze Network plugin in Cytoscape. Of 18 genes, CAV1, PECAM1, BMP4, VEGFA, FYN, SPP1, and COL1A1 were further validated in the GeneCards database and independent dataset GSE24206. ceRNA networks of VEGFA, SPP1, and COL1A1 were constructed. The genes were verified by qPCR in samples of TGF-β1-induced HFL fibroblast cells and pulmonary fibrosis mice. Finally, Sea Buckthorn and Gnaphalium Affine were predicted as potential TCMs for IPF. The TCMs were verified by qPCR in TGF-β1-induced MRC-5 cells.ConclusionThis analysis strategy may be useful for elucidating novel mechanisms underlying IPF at the transcriptome level. The identified hub genes may play key roles in IPF pathogenesis and therapy.

In Vivo Antihyperuricemic Activities of 3,4,5-Tri-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 4,4',6'-Trihydroxy-2'-Methoxychalcone, and Caffeic Acid from the Aerial Parts of Gnaphalium Affine

The extract of Gnaphalium affine has been reported to have antihyperuricemic and renal protective effects in vivo. The plant could alleviate acute hyperuricemia by inhibiting the activity of xanthine oxidase (XOD). 3,4,5-Tri-O-caffeoylquinic acid (3,4,5-triCQA), 4,4',6'-trihydroxy-2'-methoxychalcone (Chal), and caffeic acid (CA) were identified as the main ingredients of the plant attributed to the potential to retard XOD activity. However, whether the compounds were the effective ingredient of the plant exerting antihyperuricemic activity remained largely unknown. In this study, an experimental mouse model of hyperuricemia was induced by potassium oxonate and hypoxanthine, and orally administered with 3,4,5-triCQA (10 and 20 mg/kg/d), Chal (20 and 40 mg/kg/d), and CA (40 and 80 mg/kg/d) for 6 consecutive days, respectively. Then, serum urate levels and liver XOD activities were assessed. The liver- or kidney-to body weight ratio was calculated. Allopurinol (AP, 50 mg/kg/d) and benzbromarone (BBR, 10 mg/kg/d) were used as controls. Our data showed that there were 52.7 to 81.0% inhibitions in XOD activities in mice treated with 3,4,5-TriCQA (10 and 20 mg/kg/d), Chal (20 and 40 mg/kg/d), and CA (80 mg/kg/d), and 38.8 to 72.5% reduction in uric acid levels in mice treated with 3,4,5-TriCQA (20 mg/kg/d), Chal (20 and 40 mg/kg/d), and CA (40 and 80 mg/kg/d). A larger kidney-to-body weight ratio was observed in hyperuricemic mice and further enhanced by AP treatment. However, the increasing trend was significantly reversed by additional treatment of 3,4,5-triCQA (10 and 20 mg/kg/d) and CA (40 mg/kg/d). Given the above fundings, 3,4,5-triCQA, Chal, and CA may be the key component responsible for the in vivo activities of G. affine for urate-lowering therapy and even promising agents for the treatment of hyperuricemia.

Multiple component pharmacokinetics after oral administration of Gnaphalium affine extract in rats.

Gnaphalium affine is traditionally used to treat hyperuricemia and gout in China. Recently, the hypouricemic and renal protective effects of G. affine extract (GAD) have been deeply evaluated. However, little is known about the pharmacokinetics (PKs) of bioactive constituents in GAD. This study was aimed to investigate the individual and holistic pharmacokinetics of ten bioactive components (including caffeic acid, caffeoylquinic acids, and flavonoids) in rats after single and multiple administration of GAD. GAD was orally dosed to normal male rats at doses of 225, 450 or 900 mg/kg/day for 10 consecutive days and also orally administrated to uric acid nephropathy (UAN) rats at a dose of 900 mg/kg/day for 28 consecutive days. Integrated PKs of multiple components were calculated by area under the curve (AUC)-based weighting approach. All the components showed a double-peak phenomenon in terms of their plasma concentration-time curves suggesting that the components undergo enterohepatic circulation. The integrated AUC increased in a good dose-proportional manner with GAD dose. Compared with that in normal rats, the plasma exposure of caffeic acid and caffeoylquinic acids increased by 2.3- to 4.3-fold after 10-day chronic treatment of 900 mg/kg GAD in UAN rats. Modest drug accumulation was observed after 28-day chronic treatment.

Phytoremediation of Cadmium-Contaminated Soils: A Review of New Cadmium Hyperaccumulators and Factors Affecting their Efficiency

A promising solution for the remediation of cadmium (Cd) contaminated soil involves the use of Cd hyperaccumulators to reduce levels of soil Cd. The suitability of various plant species to act as cadmium (Cd) hyperaccumulators was reviewed by considering bioconcentration factor (BCF), translocation factor (TF) and Cd concentration in shoots relative to soil parameters such as pH and organic matter content, and planting and growing parameters. High BCF and TF values (max 81 and 13.7 respectively) were observed in soils with low soil Cd concentration, soil organic matter (SOM) content (< 2%) and low soil pH, with biannual harvesting possible for some species. Certain species such as Youngia erythrocarpa and Gnaphalium affine were efficient as hyperaccumulators in soil with > 40% SOM content.

Beneficial herb-drug interaction of Gnaphalium affine extract on benzbromarone: A pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study in rats

BackgroundGnaphalium affine D. Don extract (GAD) enhanced efficacy and reduced toxicity of benzbromarone (BBR) in combination use. However, little is known about effects of GAD on the pharmacokinetics (PKs) and metabolic enzymes of BBR. PurposeTo investigate the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) mechanism of the herb-drug interactions (HDIs) between GAD and BBR. Study design and methodsIntragastric single BBR (4.5 or 50 mg/kg), single BBR (4.5 or 50 mg/kg) + single GAD (450 mg/kg, 2 h after BBR-administration), or single BBR (4.5 or 50 mg/kg) + multiple GAD (450 mg/kg/day, once daily for 7 days) were administered to both sexes for BBR PK studies in normal rats. Intragastric multiple BBR (4.5 mg/kg/day), or multiple BBR (4.5 mg/kg/day) + multiple GAD (450 mg/kg/day, 2 h after BBR-administration) were administered for BBR PK and PD studies in male rats with hyperuricemic nephropathy (HN). The cumulative anti-hyperuricemic effects of BBR and BBR+GAD were determined by plasma uric acid (UA) concentration-time curve and area under curve (AUCUA). An in vivo cocktail approach was employed to determine the effects of GAD on cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C11(9) and 1A2 – mediated drug metabolism. ResultsIn normal rats, the repeated dose administration of GAD induced a significant increase of BBR AUC and prolonged the mean residence time (MRT) (p < 0.05). systemic exposure to BBR and metabolically derived hydroxybenzbromarones was significantly greater in female compared with male rats (p < 0.05). In HN rats, post-administration of GAD resulted in significantly higher bioavailability and enterohepatic recycling (ER) of BBR relative to the BBR alone administrated group from the prolongation of terminal elimination half-life (T1/2) and MRT of BBR (p < 0.05). Significantly higher urate-lowering effect of BBR+GAD compared with BBR alone was generally observed at post-dosing most time points with a maximal effect of 84.3% (acute treatment), 71.4% (7-day subchronic treatment) and 82.5% (14-day subchronic treatment) reduction in UA levels. Additionally, GAD showed a significant inhibitory effect on CYP2C11(9)-mediated tolbutamide (probe substrate) metabolism with ≥ 1.25 but < 2-fold increase in AUCtolbutamide. ConclusionsPD synergism demonstrated with the BBR+GAD combination could be explained by the PK interaction observed partially from CYP2C11(9)-mediation and enterohepatic recycling.

Effects of the Extract of Gnaphalium affine on the Oxidation and Structure of Myofibrillar Protein Induced by ·OH

Effects of the Extract of Gnaphalium affine on the Oxidation and Structure of Myofibrillar Protein Induced by ·OH

Enhanced Efficacy and Reduced Hepatotoxicity by Combination of Gnaphalium affine Extract and Benzbromarone in the Treatment of Rats with Hyperuricemic Nephropathy

Simultaneous oral intake of herbal medicine with chemical drugs may result in beneficial pharmacodynamic efficacy, including additive and synergistic effects with reduced toxicity. Gnaphalium affine D. Don (GAD) is a traditional Chinese Medicine that has been used for the management of hyperuricemia and gout. Benzbromarone (BBR) is one of the first-line drugs used for urate-lowering therapy in China but is toxic to the liver. The present study aimed to determine the effects of GAD and BBR, both alone and in co-treatment (with dosing interval of 1 hour), on chronic hyperuricemic nephropathy (HN) and hepatotoxicity in rats. Our data indicated that GAD significantly inhibited the elevation of serum uric acid, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine levels in chronic HN rats at doses of 450 and 900 mg/kg/day. The rise in serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in BBR (or vehicle)-treated HN rats was significantly reduced by pre- (or post)-administration of GAD (450 mg/kg/day). The q-value &gt;1.15 (by Jin method) indicated synergistic effects of co-treatments of BBR (50 mg/kg) with GAD (450 mg/kg). The synergistic beneficial effects were validated by comparison of BBR alone at a dose of clinical usage (4.5 mg/kg/day, in two divided doses) and BBR + GAD at half dose plus half dose (2.25 + 225 mg/kg/day) or half dose plus full dose (2.25 + 450 mg/kg/day). In conclusion, co-treatment with GAD and BBR holds promise for the management of hyperuricemia and gout.

Molecular authentication of medicinal and edible plant Gnaphalium affine (cudweed herb, “Shu-qu-cao”) based on DNA barcode marker ITS2

Molecular authentication of medicinal and edible plant Gnaphalium affine (cudweed herb, “Shu-qu-cao”) based on DNA barcode marker ITS2

A novel nanozyme comprised of electro-synthesized molecularly imprinted conducting PEDOT nanocomposite with graphene-like MoS2 for electrochemical sensing of luteolin

A novel nanozyme sensor based on the electro-synthesized molecularly imprinted conducting poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) nanocomposite with graphene-like two-dimensional layered molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) was successfully prepared for electrochemical detection and analysis of luteolin in Gnaphalium affine. MoS2-MIPs were prepared facilely by electrochemical polymerization of monomer 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene in the presence of both modifier MoS2 and template molecule luteolin that can change the morphological structure and specific surface area of PEDOT, enhance electronic conductivity of MoS2, and improve the recognition capability and electrocatalytic capacity of electrode interface. The morphological structure of MoS2-MIPs was characterized by SEM, and its electrochemical performance and sensing parameters were investigated by voltammetry. The electrochemical response of luteolin was recorded by MoS2-MIPs in the linear concentration range from 3 × 10-7 to 3 × 10-5 Μ with limit of detection of 0.04 μΜ under the optimal conditions, which was successfully employed for electrochemically detecting luteolin in Gnaphalium affine with acceptable recoveries in comparison with high-performance liquid chromatography. This will provide a new nanozyme sensing platform comprised of electro-synthesized molecularly imprinted conducting polymers and graphene-like two-dimensional layered nanomaterials.

Extraction and purification of total flavonoids from Gnaphalium affine D. Don and their evaluation for free radicals’ scavenging and oxidative damage inhabitation potential in mice liver

The parameters for pressurized microwave-assisted extraction (PMAE) of total flavonoids (TFs) from Gnaphalium affine D. Don were investigated and the effect of PMAE on its cell wall and tissue structure was analyzed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Afterwards, its extraction effect was compared with that of microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), soxhlet extraction (SE) and heat reflux extraction (HRE). After purifying by AB-8 macroporous resin, the in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activities of purified TFs were evaluated by five different chemical assays and alcohol-induced model, respectively. Our findings revealed that an ethanol volume fraction of 81.3%, a L/S ratio of 25.4 mL/g and an extraction time of 138 s, give maximum yield of TFs (1.35 ± 0.02%). PMAE was more efficient and rapid in extracting TFs from G. affine because it cracked the cell wall and disrupted the tissue structure, as observed by SEM. Compared with microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), soxhlet extraction (SE) and heat reflux extraction (HRE), PMAE was more efficient and rapid technique for the extraction of TFs from G. affine. TFs from G. affine showed notable free radical, including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide anion, 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)-diammonium salt (ABTS) cation, scavenging abilities and reduction ability in vitro. It could also significantly reduce the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), enhance the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and increase the level of glutathione (GSH) in the liver of mice with oxidative damage in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, it showed good antioxidant capacity in vivo. TFs from G. affine indicated good in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activities, which suggests their potential in functional foods and pharmaceuticals as natural antioxidants agents.

The extract of Gnaphalium affine D. Don protects against H2O2-induced apoptosis by targeting PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β signaling pathway in cardiomyocytes

Ethnopharmacological relevanceGnaphalium affine D. Don is an important Traditional Chinese herbal Medicine (TCM) used to treat hyperuricemia, asthma, rheumatic arthritis, antitussive, expectorant and cardiovascular in folk medicine because of anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential beneficial effect of G. affine extract (GAE) on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced apoptosis and explore the possible underlying mechanism in cardiomyocyte. Materials and methodsThe ingredients of GAE were isolated and tentatively identified by HPLC-ESI-Q-Qribatrip-MS/MS. The cardioprotective and anti-oxidant effects of GAE were evaluated in the experimental model with H2O2 induced apoptosis in H9c2 cells. H9c2 cells were pretreated for 3 h with or without GAE or with GAE plus PX866 (PI3K inhibitor), then exposed to H2O2 for 6 h, H9c2 cells viability were detected by CCK8 kit, the content of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and intracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were measured by the commercial biochemical kits, western blotting, immunohistochemical (IHC), immunofluorescence (IF) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays were performed to evaluate the proteins and mRNA expression, propidium iodide (PI) staining was adopted to indicate H9c2 cells apoptosis. ResultsFirstly, seventeen polyphenols and flavonoids compounds with the characteristics of anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant in GAE were tentatively identified by HPLC-ESI-Q-Qribatrip-MS/MS. In the experimental model, GAE not only significantly improved cells viability, but also showed anti-oxidant effects through improving SOD activity, up-regulating nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and decreasing intracellular concentration of ROS and MDA and the proteins expression of p47phox, p67phox and gp91phox. On the other hand, GAE revealed anti-apoptotic effect through up-regulating the expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), down-regulating Bcl2-associated X (BAX) and cleaved-caspase 3. Furthermore, GAE significantly facilitated phosphorylation of AKT and glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3β) but not AMPK, while the effects were blocked by PX866 (PI3K inhibitor). ConclusionsOur data suggested that GAE showed strong anti-oxidant effect to ameliorate oxidative stress and attenuate apoptosis induced by H2O2 in H9c2 cells by targeting PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β signaling pathway.

Cadmium phytoremediation potential of Gnaphalium affine D. Don and physiological response in metal tolerance

In this study, the plant growth, physiological responses and phytoremediation potential of the herbaceous plant Gnaphalium affine D. Don were evaluated in varying extents of Cd contaminated soil and 40 days cultivation. The results demonstrated that the plant had a high Cd tolerance of up to 300 mg.kg-1 in which Cd content in roots and shoots reached a maximum of 733.9 and 404.6 mg.kg-1 respectively. Cd exposure enhances the malondialdehyde (MDA) level and antioxidative response (SOD, POD and CAT) in shoots of Gnaphalium affine D. Don. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) values in all treatments were greater than 1 and the translocation factor (TF) values were almost 2 at the high Cd concentration treatments. These findings indicated that Gnaphalium affine D. Don as a Cd-accumulator can be considered as a potential candidate for phytoremediation in Cd polluted sites.

Effects of mulching with hyperaccumulator straw on soluble sugar content of accumulator Perilla frutescens

The effects of mulching with four hyperaccululator plants Youngia erythrocarpa, Galinsoga parviflora, Gnaphalium affine and Crassocephalum crepidioides straws on the soluble sugar content of P. frutescens under cadmium stress were studied by a pot experiment. The results showed that the straw-mulch C. crepidioides and G. affine increased the soluble sugar content of P. frutescens. But, the straw-mulch Y. erythrocarpa and G. parviflora decreased the soluble sugar content of P. frutescens. The soluble sugar content in shoot of P. frutescens for the treatments of mulching with straw of C. crepidioides and G. affine were 5.18% and 25.83% higher than control. In conclusion, the treatment of G. affine is the best, followed by C. crepidioides.

Effects of mulching with hyperaccumulator straw on growth and cadmium accumulation of accumulator Perilla frutescens

ABSTRACTTo study the effects of hyperaccumulator straw application on the growth and cadmium (Cd) accumulation of accumulator Perilla frutescens, four hyperaccumulator plant straws (Youngia erythrocarpa, Galinsoga parviflora, Gnaphalium affine and Crassocephalum crepidioides) were mulched on the surface of a Cd-contaminated soil (10 mg/kg) and P. frutescens seedlings were planted. The Y. erythrocarpa, G. affine and C. crepidioides straws increased P. frutescens root and shoot biomasses, and its chlorophyll a, carotenoid and total chlorophyll contents, whereas G. parviflora decreased or had no significant effect on these parameters. The G. affine and C. crepidioides straws enhanced the superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, and increased the Cd contents in roots and shoots of P. frutescens, whereas Y. erythrocarpa and G. parviflora straws had a smaller increasing effect. The Y. erythrocarpa, G. affine and C. crepidioides straws increased Cd extraction by P. frutescens shoots by 13.44%, 51.96% and 55.67%, respectively, compared with the control, whereas G. parviflora straw decreased it. Therefore, mulching with Y. erythrocarpa, G. affine and C. crepidioides straws could promote P. frutescens growth and enhance its phytoremediation ability for Cd-contaminated soil, with a better effect for G. affine and C. crepidioides straws than Y. erythrocarpa straw.

Effects of applying hyperaccumulator straw after planting grape seedlings on soil enzyme activity under cadmium stress

The effects of mulching with four hyperaccumulator plants Crassocephalum crepidioides, Galinsoga parviflora, Youngia japonica, and Gnaphalium affine straws on soil enzyme activity of grape seedlings under cadmium (Cd) stress were studied by a pot experiment. The results showed that mulching with four kinds of hyperaccumulators straws, the soil catalase, phosphatase and sucrase activity were increased compared with the monoculture. Only the straw-mulch Y. japonica decreased the soil urease activity, which decreased by 0.10%, and others treatments all increased the soil urease activity. In conclusion, the treatment of G. affine is the best, C. crepidioides followed it.