GMS Software Research Articles

Determination of the travel time and path of pollution in Iranshahr aquifer by particle-tracking model

Recognitions and predictions of the contamination origin are essential steps in the protective measures to avoid well-water contamination and the first step in managing groundwater resources. In this regard, finite-difference model software (GMS 10.0.6) was used to model the transport path, the origin of contaminants and to determine the wellhead protection area in Iranshahr aquifer. Since contamination transport models require a calibrated groundwater flow model, we first prepared this model. Accordingly, after collecting all geological, meteorological, hydrological and hydrogeological data (based on the maps, geophysical tests and exploratory borehole drilling, rainfall statistics and groundwater level in exploitation wells), a database was constructed in ArcGis10.1 software and a conceptual model was developed by transporting this information to GMS software. Based on the developed model, the aquifer’s groundwater level was simulated, calibrated and validated using MODFLOW2000 code in GMS software. The particle transport model in the aquifer was provided to examine and model the transport path and the origin of contaminants through MODPATH module. In the end, the aquifer wells’ protection area against contaminants was illustrated. According to the results, contaminant transport path in the wells of central plains is directed from the river to the wells, in forward particle-tracking model; the maximum time taken by particles is 508,952.5 days, the minimum time is 144 days, and the average radius of 50-day wellhead protection area based on the protection against contaminations such as pathogenic bacteria in Iranshahr aquifer was determined to be about 100 m.

Numerical simulation and prediction of groundwater pollution caused by the leakage of sulphuric acid storage tank with GMS model

Because of the concentration of SO42- in the sulfuric acid tank is extremely high, the leakage of sulphuric acid storage tank is great harm to groundwater environment. Once the accident of leakage take place, the drinking water sources of residents around the leak point will be greatly polluted. In order to find out the severity of groundwater pollution and the migration of pollutants after leakage, a GMS software was used to simulate and predict. During simulation, the scope of the simulation area and its hydrogeological conditions were determined by hydrogeological surveying, mapping and drilling. The parameters used in the simulation are obtained from field tests. The simulation results show that the concentration of SO42-at the central pollution halo is as high as 788050 mg/L after 27.39 years of the leakage accident happened. Due to the low permeability of the formations, the decontamination effect of the polluted halo mainly depends on the slow dilution of aquifer. The process of the completely purifying pollutants in groundwater will takes a long time.

Based on GMS management of shallow groundwater resource in Ningjin, China

Ningjin County is located the far end of Yellow River irrigation area which belongs to one of the serious lack of the water resources in Shandong province of China, in which water supplies mainly rely on groundwater, Yellow River division being as supplementary water supply. Now Ningjin is facing over exploitation of shallow groundwater in rural area and deep groundwater in the urban area. GMS software was used to simulate the groundwater dynamics of the whole county in the proposed four scenarios of reducing irrigation area by 20%, 30%, 40% and new water quantity of South-north Water Transfer as well as new Zhangweixinhe River water division under the current groundwater exploitation and allocated average annual amount of 52 million m3 of Yellow River water. The results showed that appropriate reduction of irrigation area and increase of passenger water introduction can effectively alleviate the overdraft of groundwater in Ningjin county.

Predicción mediante simulación numérica del flujo de agua a túneles mecanizados durante el avance de la máquina perforadora de túneles

An accurate estimate of the groundwater inflow to a tunnel is one of the most challenging but essential tasks in tunnel design and construction. Most of the numerical or analytical solutions that have been developed ignore tunnel seepage conditions, material properties and hydraulic-head changes along the tunnel route during the excavation process, leading to inaccurate prediction of inflow rates. A method is introduced that uses MODFLOW code of GMS software to predict inflow rate as the tunnel boring machine (TBM) gradually advances. In this method, the tunnel boundary condition is conceptualized and defined using Drain package, which is simulated by dividing the drilling process into a series of successive intervals based on the tunnel excavation rates. In addition, the drain elevations are specified as the respective tunnel elevations, and the conductance parameters are assigned to intervals, depending on the TBM type and the tunnel seepage condition. The Qomroud water conveyance tunnel, located in Lorestan province of Iran, is 36 km in length. Since the Qomroud tunnel involved groundwater inrush during excavating, it is considered as a good case study to evaluate the presented method. The groundwater inflow to this tunnel during the TBM advance is simulated using the proposed method and the predicted rates are compared with observed rates. The results show that the presented method can satisfactorily predict the inflow rates as the TBM advances.

Application of a Genetic Algorithm for the Optimization of a Location and Inclination Angle of a Cut-Off Wall for Anisotropic Foundations Under Hydraulic Structures

A genetic algorithm technique, integrated with a numerical model (finite element method), was used in this study to compute the optimal cut-off location and angle of inclination for barrages constructed on homogenous anisotropic soil foundations. The exit gradient function is minimized as an objective function in the problem formulation. Constraints included uplift pressure functions and safety factors taking account of a minimum concrete floor thickness. Various degrees of anisotropy and different values of a range of heads have been studied. Around 1400 different situations (cases) were simulated using SEEP2D GMS software. Statistical nonlinear regression models were used to predict the pressure head and exit gradient for anisotropic soil foundations under various degrees of inclination (θ), relative location (b1/b) and relative depth (d/b). A genetic algorithm optimization model was also performed using Matlab. The study results indicated that the computed optimum cut-off locations and relative inclination angles were affected by changing the anisotropic ratio and relative cut-off depth. For isotropic soil foundations, for cases with a cut-off ratio (d/b) of up to 0.4, the optimum inclination angle ranged between 59° and 68° for upstream locations. In other relative cut-off depth cases, the cut-off can work efficiently when situated in the last third of the concrete floor foundation, this considered the optimum location. For anisotropic soil, optimum locations tended to be upstream for most d/b values.

Adopting GMS–PSO Model to Reduce Groundwater Withdrawal by Integrated Water Resources Management

In arid and semi-arid regions, groundwater management is vital due to over abstraction for supplying water demands. Integrated water resources management is the main approach to prevent groundwater over abstraction using available surface water and treated wastewater which is the goal of this research. In this research, aquifer simulation by GMS software was adopted to identify Hashtgerd aquifer (in Iran) system and estimate its groundwater balance. The basin is divided into four zones due to difference in water demand and available water. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) method is applied to minimize the discharge of groundwater by maximizing surface water against water demand in each zone The results of the simulation model indicate that groundwater budget of Hashtgerd plain is negative, which reservoir storage loss is almost 17 MCM per year (2011–2012). The results of the optimization model indicate that the most increases of the aquifer storage are in November, April and February, respectively, and the discharge of groundwater in all zones of basin is located at the borderline for 60% of months. According to conditions in the plain and the results of the optimization model, the groundwater withdrawal more than presented values should be forbidden when the reservoir storage changes is zero, then the maximum use of surface water and wastewater could avoid more groundwater declination. Finally, the best solution to manage water resources to avoid over abstraction is the conjunctive use of all water resources (surface water, groundwater and wastewater) within each zone.

Study on Contaminant Transportation of a Typical Chemical Industry Park Based on GMS Software

The groundwater solute transport model can effectively simulated the transport path, the transport scope, and the concentration of contaminant which can provide quantitative data for groundwater pollution repair and groundwater resource management. In this study, we selected biological modern technology research base of Shandong province as research objective and simulated the pollution characteristic of typicalcontaminant cis-1, 3-dichloropropene under different operating conditions by using GMS software.

Numerical Simulation for Impact of Groundwater Environment in a Chemical Industry Park in the Southwest of Shandong Province Based on GMS

The establishment of chemical industry park can bring great pressure on local groundwater environment, and even cause serious groundwater pollution problems. This study armed at a chemical industry park in southeast of Shandong province and developed a three-dimensional groundwater solute transport model through GMS software, selected dichloromethane as the typical contaminant, simulated and predicated the transport characteristic of groundwater contaminant in different conditions. The results showed that after 20 years, the dichloromethane can separately transport 820m and 1,000m under different hypothetical conditions, the greatest affected area can separately reach 32×104 m2 and 21×104 m2; it indicated that the studied area would be polluted under these simulated conditions, so measures must be done to improve the ability of seepage-proofing of this chemical industry park and to enhance the management and the monitoring of groundwater in this studied area.

Simulation and Prediction of Groundwater Pollution from Planned Feed Additive Project in Nanning City Based on GMS Model

In order to predict the pollution of underground aquifers and rivers by the proposed project, Specialized hydrogeological investigation was carried out. After hydrogeological surveying and mapping, drilling, and groundwater level monitoring, the scope of the hydrogeological unit and the regional hydrogeological condition were found out. The permeability coefficients of the aquifers were also obtained by borehole water injection tests. In order to predict the impact on groundwater environment by the project, a GMS software was used in numerical simulation. The simulation results show that when unexpected sewage leakage accident happened, the pollutants will be gradually diluted by groundwater, and the diluted contaminants will slowly spread to southeast with groundwater flow, eventually they are discharged into Gantang River. However, the process of the pollutants discharging into the river is very long, the long-term dilution of the river water will keep Gantang River from being polluted.

Study on the Law of Carbon Tetrachloride Migration in Groundwater System

Carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ) has a lot of toxic effects on the human body. According to our survey, the pollution of carbon tetrachloride in groundwater in the eastern part of Jinan City is serious. In this study, 40 sampling points were selected in the study area of 100km 2 , and carbon tetrachloride was detected in all sampling. The highest sampling point concentration as high as 20.87μ g / L . The concentration of carbon tetrachloride detected in 40 sampling points ranged from 1.68 to 20.87 μ g / L, and most of them exceeded the standard value of 2 μ g / L. In order to control the carbon tetrachloride pollution, a solute transport model was established by GMS software to predict the carbon tetrachloride pollution in the study area in the next 15 years. The results show that the concentration of carbon tetrachloride in the groundwater system will decrease to a certain extent, but there is still a considerable distance from the national standard, and the pollutants have tendency to migrate to the southeast and northwest.

Predicting the impact of riverbed excavation on the buried depth of groundwater table and capillary water zone in the river banks-taking Xinfeng hydropower station as an example

In order to obtain a larger water level drop for power generation, Xinfeng hydropower station proposed to dig 0∼3m depth under the riverbed of downstream. This will affect the burial depth of the groundwater level and capillary water zone on both sides of the river and the nearby resident life and agriculture production. In this study, a three-dimensional groundwater numerical model was set using GMS software to predict the flow field changes after the downstream of riverbed was deepen in Xinfeng hydropower station. Simulation results showed that groundwater level near the bank will greatly decline, affecting water consumption of local residents. Because of the local developed canal system and abundant irrigation water amount, riverbed excavation barely affects agriculture production when increasing the irrigation water volume and frequency.

The Application of GMS

Currently, there are lots of groundwater simulation softwares, but the GMS software is being more and more widely used , with friendly interface, powerful front and post-processing functions and good effect of 3 d visualization. In GMS software, on the basis of a brief introduction to the module of the software, presenting the advantages of the software and analyzing the prospects in the research field of mine water prevention and control of application.

Evaluation of Artificial Recharge on Groundwater Using MODFLOW Model (Case Study: Gotvand Plain-Iran)

The managed recharge of groundwater is a stable and newfound technique which has already produced successful results and is expected to solve many of the problems of water resources, particularly in arid and semiarid areas. The aquifer artificial recharge is considered as a strategy for the improvement and development of groundwater resources and their storage to compensate for the damage to them. In this regard, the advanced models of groundwater offer suitable tools for the management and assessment of aquifers. The main objective of this research is Simulation of Gotvand Plain aquifer using MODFLOW code of GMS software is the primary objective of this research. The other objective is assessing the artificial recharge project of Abbid-Sarbishe located in north of Gotvand. For this purpose, the study area was discretized in GMS software and the initial and boundary conditions were specified. Then, the model was calibrated from September 2009 to August 2010 in an unsteady state during 12 stress periods. After the optimization of hydrogeologic parameters, the model was validated from September 2009 to August 2010 and then it was used to assess the artificial recharge. By analyzing the water budget model, the behavior of piezometers and the observed data, the hydraulic of groundwater was evaluated. The results indicate that artificial recharge has been effective in the western parts of the project and the most effective recharge has occurred during 2005-2006 and 2006-2007 around the piezometer G19. This project has a positive effect on the aquifer, but due to seasonal water-flood spreading, sedimentation, and drought in the past years, its effect is not sufficient.

Groundwater reserve and capacity of groundwater extraction for Ilmenite placer mining in Ninh Thuan province

Mining ilmenite placer develops quickly along the coastal zone in the center area, Vietnam. In Ninh Thuan province, the mines are mostly using water for the exploitation. We simulated groundwater flow with uncertain parameters in order to answer if groundwater can supply a part of water demand for the exploitation of ilmenite by using GMS software. Unfortunately, as the results of simulation, groundwater is not enough to supply for ilmenite exploitation. The authors calculated the ilmenite reserves in several communes in Ninh Thuan and water demands. Comparison of water demands and ability of groundwater supply concludes that local government should make a sustainable strategy of water use to preserve groundwater.

Study of impact on surface water and groundwater around flow fields due to changes in river stage using groundwater modeling system

Excessive ground water withdrawal can lead to ground water depletion, and this may have serious social and economic consequences. Attempts to limit groundwater pumping have been commonly based on the concept of safe yield. In this study, in order to evaluate safe yield, short- and long-duration pumping tests have been performed at four different sites (Purulia District, India) on Damodar River bed. The lithological survey was carried out along the river bed at regular intervals from 500 m to 10.5 km, covering a total stretch of 10-km up-stream and 0.5-km down-stream, to determine the soil profile and other soil characteristics. The points, where the maximum depth of porous medium was obtained, were selected for carrying out the pumping yield tests. The appropriate hydrogeologic approaches were employed to estimate the values of aquifer parameters, viz., specific yield (S y), transmissivity(T), and hydraulic conductivity (K) for the aforesaid sites under study, which were found to be in the range of 0.043–0.175, 2082–3983, and 219–603 m/day, respectively. A hypothetical aquifer-stream water interaction system has been developed using GMS software (groundwater modeling system) not only to represent the hydraulic head fluctuations in the groundwater system around well fields but also to quantify the flow rate due to change in river stage, recharge due to rainfall, and also to determine how the surface water could affect groundwater due to pumping.

3D Visual Geology-Modeling in Wannian Mine of Fengfeng Coalfield

Based on the analysis of regional geology and hydrogeological conditions of Wannian mine of Fengfeng coalfield, according to field's borehole data, geological data and hydrogeological data, we use GMS software to make the three-dimensional visualization strata modeling in Wannian mine of Fengfeng coalfield. Through cutting geological model built in different directions or at different levels and rotating to different directions and different angles, the complex underground geological environment is displayed in three-dimension, which helps geologists to analyze the geological conditions and solve various geological problems.

Groundwater Flow Simulation and Resource Evaluation of the Affected Zone along the Yellow River (Henan Section)

The purpose of this paper is to build a three-dimensional groundwater flow model of the affected zone along the Yellow River, and to conduct equilibrium analysis and resource evaluation to the groundwater of the research area according to the simulation results. In the beginning, the groundwater flow numerical simulation model (1999.1-2009.12) is established and verified through the GMS software on the basis of the establishment of hydrogeological conceptual and mathematical models. Results of the simulation model show that the perennial average of the resources of shallow groundwater recharge is 29.32×108m3/a, the average recharge modulus is 22.35×104m3/km2•a and the safe yield of groundwater resource is 27.04×108m3/a.

Hydrogeological Structure Model of the Aquifer in Wushan Mine Based on GMS

There has been a wide range of applications on establishing hydrogeological structure model in nearly horizontal strata. However, application of GMS on hydrogeological structure model in intruded rock-occuring region is rare. The purpose of this study is to establish the hydrogeological structure model with GMS software in Wushan Copper mine in Jiangxi province and explore the application of this model in rock-occuring region. The results indicate that: (1) It's feasible to construct hydrogeologic structure model in intruded rock-occuring strata areas, in which intruded rock’s Horizon ID is set as 7 and inserted between Q and T1d2-T2j strata in Wushan mine ; (2) The model clearly reflects spatial structure relationship among aquifers; (3) Visualization model can depict split and combination of aquifer flexibly, rotation of any section and any direction, cutting section and other functions, and related geological and hydrogeological information.

松針葉の葉面主として気孔中における付着物質(粒子状物質)の分析 ―松枯れの原因解明へのひとつのアプローチ―

Introduction: In recent decades, climate change and the lack of adequate and timely rainfall, due to the lack of water supply for irrigated plants, the limitation of renewable land and water resources, the heterogeneous distribution of spatial and temporal distribution of fresh water, as well as the rapid growth of the world population, including Iran, There are increasing problems in providing water resources for various uses. One of the main requirements for meeting the world's food needs is access to sustainable agriculture and its development. In order to achieve such a goal, it should be avoided by adopting appropriate measures to prevent damage to the system of limited resources in each region. Groundwater is always a source of water supplies as a source of fresh water. Underground water management in the first stage requires the identification and operation of aquifers in natural conditions. In most hydrological issues and underground water resources studies, the availability of groundwater resources data and statistics is of great importance. In order to assess the effects of development in existing conditions and provide management methods for groundwater resources, both quantitatively and qualitatively, mathematical and computer simulation of these resources is a powerful tool in optimal utilization of these resources. Maerials and methods: Numerical modeling of groundwater in aquifers is an important tool for the management of water resources. This model can be used to estimate the hydraulic parameters as well as water resources management. The aim of this study was to simulate the fluctuations in groundwater levels in the aquifer by GMS software Zanjan located at a latitude of 47 degrees 50 minutes 49 ° East and latitude 36 degrees 20 minutes north and 37 degrees is located. This model is a combination of code Modflow and GIS using the finite difference method, the underground water level simulation. For this research the information needed to run the model include: Positions border aquifers, at different heights above ground level bed rock aquifer, the amount of withdrawals from wells tapping position, the position and the water level in observation wells, hydraulic conductivity layer and nutrition, were introduced to the model. After preparation of the conceptual model and the determination of initial and boundary conditions, the simulation will be discussed. The flow simulation model was calibrated in a steady flow. Results and discution: The results of the calibration results in a steady state a reasonable balance between the observed and calculated in October 2002 showed. After calibration nutritional value 0/000321 meters per day was that this amount is 1/98 times the amount of power input to the model. The amount of horizontal hydraulic conductivity layers of sand, silt and sand, gravel 28.57 and 40.4 respectively km per day and then unsteady flow model calibration mode for distances between 2002 and 2007, using trial and error to achieve the best balance between the level observed daily and were calculated and projected groundwater levels drop, based on the implementation of the model for 2007 and 2015 and 2022 was performed. The root mean square error, mean absolute error and mean error, respectively, 17/41, 15/22 and -0.6, respectively. After calibration nutritional value 0.000321 meters per day was that this amount is 1/98 times the amount of input supply model. The amount of horizontal hydraulic conductivity layers of sand, silt and sand, gravel 28/57 and 40/4 respectively km per day and then unsteady flow model calibration mode for distances between 2002 and 2007, using trial and error to achieve the best result among the observed daily balance and balance was calculated. The root mean square error and average error with respect to the amount equal to 26/29 and -8/43 showed good accuracy model. The water level calculated for the converter, groundwater flow is from the southeast to the northwest of the current slope correspond area. Conclusion: The model was implemented with the assumption of the rate of groundwater abatement and constant nutrition for a 15-year interval from 2007 to 2022 Maps obtained for the groundwater level in the years reflects a sharp drop in the water level continued indiscriminate harvesting of underground water aquifer Zanjan.

Conjunctive Use Modeling of Groundwater and Surface Water

In this study, conjunctive use of surface and groundwater in the Maraghe area was investigated. The objective function used for the overall conjunctive use model was maximizing sum of relative yields of crops in the command area. Declining groundwater levels was selected as criteria of groundwater limitation. The simulation was done for four years and began by a dry year to normal year. GMS software was used to simulate groundwater aquifer. In this model, different well discharges in the study area for different scenarios were used and decline in groundwater level at the end of simulation time was calculated. In order to model surface water and calculate the objective function, a program in Visual Basic was developed. Two types of scenario, annual and seasonal, were defined by specifying the ratio of the allocation of surface water to that of groundwater pumping at the crop level for entire irrigated area. For different scenarios, declining groundwater levels and objective functions were calculated. With attention to maximize objective function that the water table drawdown is not greater than the limited criterion, the best scenario was obtained. In annual scenarios, The results showed that in scenario of 75 - 25 (75% surface water to 25% groundwater), the purpose function rate was 12.2 and water table draw down was 2.6, which was lower than allowable limitation. Therefore, it was chosen as a selective scenario. Also in seasonal scenarios, The best scenario was chosen 100-40-60 (the percentage of surface water share in spring, summer and fall & winter respectively), which amount of purpose function was 12.57 and the water table draw down was around 3 m at the end of the simulation period.