Licorice Research Articles

Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) as corrosion inhibitor of carbon steel reinforcing bars in mortar and its synergic effect with nitrite

Nitrites are effective corrosion inhibitors for concrete structures, but their toxicity leads to their total or partial substitution. Licorice and its synergic effect with nitrites are studied both in simulated pore solutions and in mortars with chlorides. EIS and polarization studies show that a 50% licorice + 50% Na2NO2 mix can reduce the corroding surface and the corrosion rate in solution. Moreover, the efficiency of this mix is higher than that of Na2NO2 when it is added to mortars with 0.8% Cl-. The tested inhibitors, in the amount considered (0.2%), do not affect the mechanical properties of the mortars.

Natural co-occurrence of aflatoxins and ochratoxin A in liquorice roots

ABSTRACT The natural co-occurrence of aflatoxins (AFs) and ochratoxin A (OTA) in liquorice roots obtained from different herbal outlets of Karachi, Pakistan, was evaluated. A total of 60 samples were obtained during 2019‒2021 and analysed using HPLC with fluorescence detection. The method was validated according to the European Union (EU) regulation. The incidence of AFs was 52 in all tested samples (87%), with a contamination range of 1.2‒6.4 µg kg−1 and an average of 2.1 ± 0.3 µg kg−1. In all samples, the AFs contamination was below the maximum limit (ML) of 10 µg kg−1 for total AFs as set by the EU. The OTA contamination in all samples ranged 1.5‒60.3 µg kg−1, with a mean of 18.9 ± 0.8 µg kg−1. In 36 samples (60%) the OTA contamination was below the ML of 20 µg kg−1 as set by the EU. These results led to the recommendation to test liquorice root on mycotoxins, as it comes to food quality standards.

Licochalcone a improves cardiac functions after ischemia-reperfusion via reduction of ferroptosis in rats

Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury triggers several cell death types, including apoptosis, autophagy, and ferroptosis. Licochalcone A (LCA), a natural flavonoid compound isolated from the root of Glycyrrhiza glabra, has been demonstrated to exert potential pharmacological benefits, such as antioxidant, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory activities. The present study aimed to investigate the involvement of ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of I/R and determine whether LCA can inhibit ferroptosis to prevent the myocardial I/R injury in rats. The effects of LCA on myocardial I/R injury were detected by examining the left ventricular-developed pressure and triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. We conducted Western blotting analyses, ELISA assay, and quantitative real-time PCR to determine the levels of ferroptosis-related molecules. To demonstrate the cardioprotective effect of LCA in vitro, H9c2 and primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were co-treated with ferroptosis inducers (erastin, RSL3, or Fe-SP) and LCA for 16 and 24 h. Our ex vivo study showed that LCA increased the cardiac contractility, and reduced the infarct volume and ferroptosis-related biomarkers in rat hearts after I/R. Moreover, LCA reduced the levels of ferroptosis inducers-induced reactive oxygen species generation, lipid peroxidation, and ferroptosis-related biomarkers in cultured H9c2 cells and cardiomyocytes. LCA also reduced the Fe-SP-increased nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and heme oxygenase-1 protein levels in cultured cardiomyocytes. In the present study, we showed that the LCA-induced cardioprotective effects in attenuating the myocardial I/R injury were correlated with ferroptosis regulation, and provided a possible new therapeutic strategy for prevention or therapy of the myocardial I/R injury.

44138 Topical treatment with a cream containing Glycyrrhiza glabra, Curcuma longa, and Terminalia chebula improves the appearance of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation associated with acne

44138 Topical treatment with a cream containing Glycyrrhiza glabra, Curcuma longa, and Terminalia chebula improves the appearance of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation associated with acne

Novel Nanotechnological Strategies for Skin Anti-aging.

Nanoparticle formulations development for anti-aging treatment is increasing due to their multifunctional properties. These nanotechnological strategies can target cellular/ molecular pathways of the skin affected by the aging process. However, a review of these strategies is required to discuss their efficacy/safety and establish the needs for further research. Innovative nanotechnological advances for skin anti-aging/rejuvenation are summarized and discussed in this work. The information in this review was extracted from recent and relevant studies using nanotechnology for anti-aging treatment from scientific databases. Results show an enhanced skin anti-aging effect of actives-loaded nanoparticles of next generation (nanostructured lipid carriers, fullerenes, transfersomes, protransfersomes, niosomes, ethosomes, transethosomes, glycerosomes, phytosomes) compared with nanocarriers of first generation or conventional formulations. Anti-aging active ingredients such as, flavonoids (rutin, hesperidin, quercetagetine, quercetin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, myricetin, silibinin, curcuminoids, isoflavones); vitamins (E, D₃, CoQ10); acids (hyaluronic, ascorbic, rosmarinic, gallic); extracts (Citrus sinensis, Tagetes erecta</i> L., Achillea millefolium</i> L., Citrus aurantium</i> L., Glycyrrhiza glabra</i> L., Aloe vera</i>, propolis earned by Apis mellifera</i>); and other compounds (adenosine, beta-glucan, heptapetide DEETGEF, resveratrol, cycloastragenol, melatonin, botulinum toxin, grapeseed oil), have been successfully entrapped into nanoparticles for skin rejuvenation. This encapsulation has improved their solubility, bioavailability, stability, permeability, and effectivity for skin anti-aging, providing a controlled drug release with minimized side effects. Recent studies show a trend of anti-aging herbal active ingredients-loaded nanoparticles, enhancing the moisturizing, antioxidant, regenerating and photoprotective activity of the skin. Suitable safety/shelf-life stability of these novel formulations is key to a successful translation to the clinic/industry.

The Most Important Medicinal Herbs and Plants in Traditional Chinese and Iranian Medicinal Sciences with Antioxidant Activities

Abstract: The review is aimed at summarizing the most important and common natural antioxidants and their resources from traditional Irani and Chinese medicinal sciences. The most important medicinal plants with antioxidant activities in Iran are Artemisia, berberry fruit, borage, calendula, coriander, cumin, green tea, hawthorn, jujube, pomegranate, rose, rosemary, black zira, tea, and thyme. Important traditional medicinal plants with antioxidant activities in China are Asparagus, bindii, blueberries, camellia, Chinese bayberry, Chinese bitter melon, Chinese cabbage, Chinese cherry, Chinese jujube, Chinese olive, pomegranate, Chinese rose tea, Chinese toon, Chinese watermelon, black tea, knotweed, Chinese quince, Chinese rhubarb, sumac, wolfberry, dendrobium, drumstick tree, Fiscus species, ginger, ginkgo, goji berry, grape, Jerusalem thorn, kiwifruit seed oil, and licorice root. The present review article highlights the most important medicinal plants which have been used in Iran and China as traditional herbal medicines for hundreds of years due to their tremendous antioxidant activities.

The comparison of Licorice Root Ethanolic Extract, Chlorhexidine and Doxycycline Antibacterial effects on Porphyromonas gingivalis-An In Vitro Study

The comparison of Licorice Root Ethanolic Extract, Chlorhexidine and Doxycycline Antibacterial effects on Porphyromonas gingivalis-An In Vitro Study

Biorational Approaches for Purple Blotch Disease of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Incited by Alternaria porri (Ellis) Cif

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is the second most important bulb crop after onion. It is a major spice crop. Garlic is attacked by many diseases, one of which is Purple blotch. This study was aimed to determine the effect of botanicals and bio-agent on purple blotch disease of garlic caused by Alternaria porri. The research work was undertaken at Central Research Farm (CRF) Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, SHUATS, Naini, Prayagraj during Rabi in 2022-23. A randomized block design with eight treatments was employed including T0 (Control - untreated) , T1 ( Azoxystrobin @0.1% as treated check), T2 (Trichoderma harzianum @10g/litre) , T3 (Lantana camara leaf extract @10%), T4 (Azadirachta indica leaf extract @10%), T5 (Henna leaf extract @2% + Licorice root extract @2% + Rosemary leaf extract @2% ), T6 (Licorice root extract @10%) and T7 (Neem cake @50g/m2). The treatments led to significant decrease in purple blotch severity in garlic.The results revealed that among the treatments, T7 showed minimum disease intensity (4.33, 18.74 and 26.35%) at 30, 60 and 90 days after sowing (DAS) respectively; while maximum disease intensity was recorded in T0 (10.42, 25.52 and 34.68%). T7 also recorded maximum plant height (24.02, 34.01 and 45.71cm) at 30, 60 and 90 DAS, respectively and highest yield of 4.46t/ha. Maximum number of leaves were recorded with T3 (5.53, 7.5 and 9.4) at 30, 60 and 90 DAS respectively. Fungicide usage is increasing day by day that can lead to negative effect on human and soil health in the long run, so there is need to find effective and economic alternatives preferably some bio-agents and botanicals.

Effect of Liquorice Candies on Remineralization of Initial Enamel Carious Lesion.

Glycyrrhiza glabra (G. glabra), known as liquorice root is one such herbal remedy that has been shown to have immense potential in the treatment of orofacial diseases. To evaluate the remineralizing potential of liquorice extract on initial enamel carious lesions. An in vitro and in vivo study was conducted, wherein the sound-extracted human premolars were sectioned longitudinally and into enamel blocks of size 4 × 4 mm. Enamel blocks were demineralized to produce artificial carious lesions. In vitro study, the demineralized enamel block was exposed to artificial saliva for 5 minutes and artificial saliva containing liquorice for 4 minutes 14 times in a sequential manner. An in vivo study was carried out on six volunteers aged between 6 and 12 years. The demineralized enamel block was inserted into the 5 × 5 mm window created on the full palatal coverage appliance. Patients were given commercially available liquorice candies (Ricola) to consume for 7 days twice daily. The remineralization potential of liquorice on demineralized enamel block was assessed using confocal microscopy analysis. Liquorice extract containing candies showed visual remineralization of the demineralized area on the enamel surface through confocal images. Liquorice extract possesses remineralizing potential with its other medicinal properties. . Pooja HR, Nagar P, Mascarenhas AN, et al. Effect of Liquorice Candies on Remineralization of Initial Enamel Carious Lesion. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(S-1):S33-S38.

Therapeutic potential of combination herbal medicines in the treatment of cough

Cough is one of the most common reasons for seeking medical attention. As impaired mucociliary clearance plays an important role in the pathogenesis of both acute and chronic cough, much attention is paid to secretomotor and secretolytic therapy in its treatment. Today, medicines that contain medicinal herbs have taken on a special importance. Medicinal components in the herbal mucolytic medicines have a complex effect, which allows to effectively cope with cough at all stages of diseases accompanied by respiratory symptoms. Plantain leaf, coltsfoot leaf, thermopsis grass, ipecac root, marshmallow root, licorice root, anise fruit, thyme (thyme) grass, ivy leaves, primrose roots are among the most common and frequently used components. Bronchipret is one of these well-known herbal medicines which as a syrup contains liquid extracts of thyme herb and ivy leaves and as Bronchipret TP tablets – dry extracts of thyme herb and primrose root. Due to its components, Bronchipret helps normalize production of bronchial secretions, and has an expectorant, secretolytic, anti-inflammatory and bronchodilator effect. Numerous clinical studies have proven high efficacy and safety of Bronchipret, which makes it possible to recommend it as a drug of choice when children and adults need symptomatic treatment of cough in ARVI with cough.

Glycyrrhiza glabra L. Extracts and Other Therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2 in Central Eurasia: Available but Overlooked.

In Central Eurasia, the availability of drugs that are inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and have proven clinical efficacy is still limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of drugs that were available in Kazakhstan during the acute phase of the epidemic against SARS-CoV-2. Antiviral activity is reported for Favipiravir, Tilorone, and Cridanimod, which are registered drugs used for the treatment of respiratory viral infections in Kazakhstan. A licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) extract was also incorporated into this study because it offered an opportunity to develop plant-derived antivirals. The Favipiravir drug, which had been advertised in local markets as an anti-COVID cure, showed no activity against SARS-CoV-2 in cell cultures. On the contrary, Cridanimod showed impressive high activity (median inhibitory concentration 66 μg/mL) against SARS-CoV-2, justifying further studies of Cridanimod in clinical trials. Tilorone, despite being in the same pharmacological group as Cridanimod, stimulated SARS-CoV-2 replication in cultures. The licorice extract inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication in cultures, with a high median effective concentration of 16.86 mg/mL. Conclusions: The synthetic, low-molecular-weight compound Cridanimod suppresses SARS-CoV-2 replication at notably low concentrations, and this drug is not toxic to cells at therapeutic concentrations. In contrast to its role as an inducer of interferons, Cridanimod is active in cells that have a genetic defect in interferon production, suggesting a different mechanism of action. Cridanimod is an attractive drug for inclusion in clinical trials against SARS-CoV-2 and, presumably, other coronaviruses. The extract from licorice shows low activity against SARS-CoV-2. At the same time, high doses of 2 g/kg of this plant extract show little or no acute toxicity in animal studies; for this reason, licorice products can still be considered for further development as a safe, orally administered adjunctive therapy.

Immunomodulatory effect of glabridin in ovalbumin induced allergic asthma and its comparison with methylprednisolone in a preclinical rodent model.

Glabridin, a polyphenolic flavonoid derived from Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice) roots, has shown anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The current study sought to investigate glabridin's immunomodulatory effect in ovalbumin induced allergic asthma. Healthy male Wistar rats were divided into five groups. Group I served as a control group. Asthma was induced in groups II- IV. GroupsIII and IV were treated with glabridin (40 mg/kg) and methylprednisolone (15 mg/kg), respectively. Inflammatory cells counts were determined in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Serum IgE levels and levels of catalase, superoxide dismutaseand glutathione peroxidase in lung homogenate were measured. The levels of mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory, anti-inflammatoryand oxidative stress markers were analysed. Delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) and acute toxicity of glabridin were also checked. Glabridin significantly decreased inflammatory cells in the blood and BALF. It increased the concentration of antioxidant enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutaseand glutathione peroxidase. Glabridin markedly decreased serum IgE levels and DTH when compared to asthmatic rats. It significantly alleviated the expression of TNF-α, IL-4, IL-5, CXCL1, iNOS, and NF-κB. Administering 10 times the therapeutic dose of glabridin did not show any signs of acute toxicity. Findings suggest that glabridin has the potential to ameliorate allergic asthma and its effects are comparable to those of methylprednisolone. The immunomodulatory effect of glabridin might be contributed by the suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress markers, IgE antibodies, and elevation of antioxidant enzymes, suggesting future study and clinical trials to propose it as a candidate to treat allergic asthma.

The Main Medicinal Plants in Arid Regions of Uzbekistan and Their Traditional Use in Folk Medicine.

Seventy percent of the territory of Uzbekistan consists of arid regions. This situation is considered very favorable for plants adapted to a desert climate. Medicinal plants distributed in the arid regions of Uzbekistan have not been studied much. Medicinal plants are considered inexpensive, yet are vital for the lives of local residents. They play a very important role in the traditional healing of ailments. To determine the current state of medicinal plants and enhance their subsequent protection and sustainable use, it is necessary to obtain annual information on the state of their distribution, their population size, and the impact of negative factors on their populations. Based on our field studies, which were conducted during the period from 2012 to 2022 in the arid regions of Uzbekistan, we updated the checklists of the main medicinal plants used in these regions. A total of 529 medicinal species belonging to 70 families and 269 genera were identified in the study region. Several species, including Peganum harmala L., Capparis spinosa L., Ferula foetida (Bunge) Regel, Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Alhagi pseudalhagi (M. Bieb.) Desv. ex Wangerin, Lagochilus inebrians Bunge, Xanthium strumarium L., Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn., Onopordum acanthium L., Ziziphora tenuior L., and Cichorium intybus L., are spread over large areas and have been used regularly by the locals since ancient times. These species are common in saline and degraded soils in arid regions of Uzbekistan. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with tabibs (traditional doctors), elders, herders, and residents with experience in traditional healing using medicinal plants. The medicinal value of most plants was based on the interviews with representatives of the local population, which were useful for understanding traditional healing skills and customer service skills.

Antioxidants and antibacterial activity of Glycyrrhiza glabra extract

This study aimed to examine the antioxidants and antibacterial activity of Glycyrrhiza root, stem and leaf extract. The antioxidant activity was determined by measuring total phenolic content (TPC) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The antibacterial activity was determined using the paper disc method against two bacteria, namely Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Results showed part of the plant effect of the antioxidants and antibacterial activity. The results showed that the root sample had significantly (P &lt;0.05) higher total phenol content and antioxidant activity than leaves and stem samples. The TPC value of leaves extract 211.64mg GAE/g dry extract and DPPH 86.36 % was estimated. The antibacterial activity of MeOH extract against the Staphylococcus aureus zone of inhibition was 21.37 mm for root extracts and 8.30 mm against E. coli. The result showed that Glycyrrhiza root, stem and leaf extract were effective against both the bacteria tested with high concentrations. The Glycyrrhiza root, stem and leaf extract can be used to control infectious diseases and prevent oxidative damage. Keywords: Glycyrrhiza glabra, DPPH, TPC, Antibacterial activity

Protective effect of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. root (licorice) extract against severe acute pancreatitis-induced acute lung injury via suppressing autophagy and inflammation

Protective effect of <i>Glycyrrhiza glabra</i> L. root (licorice) extract against severe acute pancreatitis-induced acute lung injury via suppressing autophagy and inflammation

Quantitative determination of total flavonoids in Glycyrrhiza Glabra L. herbs

Licorice herb (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) is a promising herbal raw material, which can be comprehensively used to develop drugs with an anti-inflammatory action.The aim of the article was to development a quantitative determination method of total flavonoids in Glycyrrhiza glabra L. herbs.Materials and methods. The subjects of research were 5 samples of licorice herb harvested in summer in various places of growing and cultivation. Pinostrobin was used as a standard sample. The registration of the electronic spectra was carried out with a spectrophotometer (Analytik Jena AG, Germany) by differential spectrophotometry, 96% ethanol was used as a solvent.Results. The methods for quantitative determination of total flavonoids in Glycyrrhiza glabra L. was carried out at an analytical wavelength of 310 nm equivalent to pinocembrin. The optimum parameters for the extraction of total flavonoids from Glycyrrhiza glabra L. were as follows: the extractant – 90% ethanol; the «raw material-extractant» ratio was 1:50; the extraction time was 60 min; the degree of atomization was 2 mm. The content of total flavonoids for the Glyccyrhiza glabra L. herb has been determined, it varies from 0.39±0.002 to 3.41±0.015% with the humidity of the vegetative raw material from 9.97±0.003 to 10.03±0.003% depending on the place of the vegetation, cultivation and year of the raw material collection. The error of the single determination with a 95% confidence level was ±0.73%.Conclusion. The developed methods for the quantitative determination of total flavonoids in Glycyrrhiza glabra L. herbs can be used to solve the issues of standardization of these medicinal plant raw materials.

Effect of Stimulating Maize Seeds with Potassium Nitrate and Licorice Extract on the Seed Viability and Vigor

Germination and field emergence are delayed and their duration is prolonged due to the declining soil temperature during the spring season, which is reflected in the subsequent stages of crop growth, therefore, this study aimed to improve germination. Under a wide range of environmental conditions, a laboratory factorial experiment was carried out to study the effect of seed stimulation with potassium nitrate (distilled water only (0), 2, 4, and 6 mg L-1) and with an aqueous extract of licorice roots (distilled water only (0), 3, 6, and 9 g L-1) on the seed viability and vigor. The laboratory experiment was carried out according to the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four repetitions. The results showed the superiority of the interaction treatment between the two concentrations 6 gm L-1 and 6 mg L-1 for each of licorice root extract and potassium nitrate by giving the highest average of the final germination 99%, the seedling vigor index reached 3846, the germination percentage at accelerating age test of 75%, and the germination percentage at the cold test of 76%. We can conclude that there was a response to soaking the seeds in licorice root extract at specific concentrations, with a clear response to potassium nitrate, and the response could be better when soaking in potassium nitrate at concentrations higher than 6 mg L-1. We also recommend that the soaking duration in any of the two factors is 18 hours to improve germination under a wide range of environmental conditions.

Hydrochar derived from Liquorice root pulp utilizing catalytic/non-catalytic hydrothermal carbonization: RSM optimization and cationic dye adsorption assessment

The present study targeted producing hydrochar from Liquorice root pulp employing the catalytic/non-catalytic hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) method and evaluating its performance in methylene blue adsorption from an aqueous solution. The response surface methodology (RSM) was utilized to assess the impact of operational variables such as temperature, time, and water/ solid ratio on the yield of hydrochar production and MB adsorption capacity. The maximum yield of hydrochar production and dye adsorption capacity was achieved at 168 °C, 2.016 h, and a water/solid ratio of 9.215. The assessment of the catalytic HTC process at different concentrations of ZnCl2 demonstrated the 0.25 M solution had the most positive effect on MB adsorption capacity. The physicochemical characteristics of hydrochars were evaluated utilizing techniques such as CHN, FTIR, BET, XRD, TGA, and SEM. Also, the peak fitting method presented a semi-quantitative assessment of the impact of the catalytic/ non-catalytic HTC process on the oxygenated functional groups of hydrochars. The methylene blue adsorption process was evaluated by conducting the experiments at different values of effective parameters such as pH, contact time, initial dye concentration, and dose of adsorbent as temperature. Furthermore, the kinetic and isotherm models were studied to describe the dominant mechanisms in the MB adsorption process. The maximum MB adsorption capacity was achieved at 290.65 and 314.62 mg/g for hydrochar and modified hydrochar at pH of 9, initial dye concentration of 400 mg/L, 45 min of contact time, 1 g/L of adsorbent dose, and temperature of 25 °C. Finally, studying the thermodynamic parameters of the adsorption process demonstrated MB adsorption's spontaneity and exothermic nature.

APPLICATION OF VEGETABLE OILS AS NATURAL, GREEN AND SUSTAINABLE SOLVENTS FOR EXTRACTION OF PLANT MATERIALS: STUDY OF PHYTOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND CHEMICAL PROFILING OF VARIOUS OLEO-EXTRACTS OF GLYCYRRHIZA GLABRA

In the last decade there is a growing interest in application of green and more friendly environment solvents in both industrial and academia sectors due to various environmental concerns. Vegetable oils has been used as effective natural non-toxic and environment-friendly solvents for extraction of various classes of phytochemical constituents from different herbs. In the present study, various edible vegetable oils like palm oil, rice bran oil, sesame oil and sunflower oil were used for preparation of oleoextract of a medicinal plant Glycyrrhiza glabra, commonly known as Licorice. The resulting extracts were analyzed by HPTLC. Determination of Total Phenolic Contents (TPC) and Total Flavonoid Contents (TFC) was carried out by UV-Vis spectrophotometry method for standardization of the oleo-extracts of the herb. The HPTLC fingerprint showed presence of licorice components and phenolics and flavonoids in various oleo-extracts of the herb. So the oils exhibited satisfactory solvent effects with capability of extracting various phytochemicals from licorice and can be a used as a greener, safer and alternative approach to petrochemical solvents for herbal drug extraction and enrichment of phytoconstituents.

Glabridin mitigates TiO2NP induced cognitive deficit in adult zebrafish

Glabridin is extracted from the roots of Glycyrrhiza glabra, which has anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. We investigated the neuroprotective potential of Glabridin against the learning and memory deficit by triggering NRF2/HO-1 signaling in Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NP) treated zebrafish. Our study suggests that Glabridin at doses of 12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg/day for 7 days improved memory and lowered anxiety in the novel object recognition test, T-maze, and novel diving tank respectively. Biochemical analysis showed that Glabridin treatment in TiO2NP-exposed zebrafish enhanced GSH, CAT, SOD, and GPx activity and reduced MDA levels; inhibited proinflammatory mediators, namely, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. In histopathological evaluation, Glabridin significantly reduced pycnotic neurons in TiO2NP-treated zebrafish brains. Furthermore, Glabridin upregulated NRF2 and HO-1 levels, which leads to a decline in oxidative stress and neuroinflammation and were reversed by ML385 treatment. ML385 as a probe molecule that specifically inhibit NRF2 and prevents its downstream gene expression. Thus, these considerable outcomes provide new insights into the neuroprotective effect of glabridin.