Event Abstract Back to Event Haemocompatibility of nanoporous activated carbon adsorbents designed for blood detoxification Yishan Zheng1, Ganesh Ingavle1, Carol Howell1, Sergey Mikhalovsky1 and Susan Sandeman1 1 University of Brighton, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, United Kingdom Nanostructured carbon materials offer great potential in the treatment of inflammation and infection. For example nanoporous, phenolic resin derived activated carbon adsorbents are well characterised as powerful adsorbents of difficult to remove high molecular weight and albumin bound toxins including bilirubin, indoxyl sulphate (IS) and p-cresyl sulphate (p-CS) and inflammatory cytokines such as interlukin-6 (IL6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFa). However, there are challenges in the use of activated carbons for blood perfusion applications including poor haemocompatibility, fine particle release and plasma protein adsorption. The following study describes haemocompatibility and efficacy testing for a range of adsorbent nanostructured carbons synthesised in bead and monolith form. Activated carbons were prepared by first curing the phenolic resin precursors in ethylene glycol at an elevated temperature of over 120 °C with agitation. The cured resin in bead form can be carbonised and activated to produce activated carbon beads or the resin can be extruded into a monolith format with parallel channels within, before carbonisation and activation. Adsorption efficacy of the resulting ACs was confirmed in vitro using toxin markers IL-6 (1ng/ml), TNFα (1 ng/ml), p-CS (250 µM) and IS (125 µM) from spiked human plasma. The results showed efficient removal of p-CS, IS, IL6 and significant removal of TNFα by both AC beads and monoliths. Using an ex vivo recirculating test system (Figure 1), 20 ml of freshly donated, anticoagulated healthy donor blood was perfused through AC monoliths (7mm diameter x 95mm length) or AC packed bead (2ml) columns at a flow rate of 5 ml/min. The haemocompatibility of the AC materials was evaluated by measuring blood biochemistry indicators, changes in blood protein concentration, electrolyte balance and the activation of platelets and the complement system. The results suggested minimum disruption in electrolyte and key blood protein parameters including albumin and fibrinogen concentration. Further investigation revealed that the use of AC materials in an ex vivo perfusion model did not trigger complement cascade activation, or platelet activation when compared to the control system running without the AC materials. The results indicate that the materials are haemocompatible and suitable for use as adsorbents for blood perfusion applications. Figure 1 Schematic illustration of the fresh healthy donor blood recirculation testing set up (a) and the image of the blood perfuse through AC monolith (b) and AC packed bead columns (c). The authors would like to thank British Council Global Innovation Initiative NOMAD project, National Institute for Health Research i4i ADEPT project and FP7 PEOPLE MCA IAPP ACROBAT project for the financial support. Keywords: cytokine, Biocompatibility, biomedical application, hemocompatiblility Conference: 10th World Biomaterials Congress, Montréal, Canada, 17 May - 22 May, 2016. Presentation Type: Poster Topic: Safety and toxicity evaluation for biomaterials Citation: Zheng Y, Ingavle G, Howell C, Mikhalovsky S and Sandeman S (2016). Haemocompatibility of nanoporous activated carbon adsorbents designed for blood detoxification. Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol. Conference Abstract: 10th World Biomaterials Congress. doi: 10.3389/conf.FBIOE.2016.01.00130 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 27 Mar 2016; Published Online: 30 Mar 2016. Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers Yishan Zheng Ganesh Ingavle Carol Howell Sergey Mikhalovsky Susan Sandeman Google Yishan Zheng Ganesh Ingavle Carol Howell Sergey Mikhalovsky Susan Sandeman Google Scholar Yishan Zheng Ganesh Ingavle Carol Howell Sergey Mikhalovsky Susan Sandeman PubMed Yishan Zheng Ganesh Ingavle Carol Howell Sergey Mikhalovsky Susan Sandeman Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. Please enable Javascript in your browser settings in order to see all the content on this page.