Ethylene Glycol Base Fluid Research Articles

A comparative thermal investigation for modified hybrid nanofluid model (Al2O3–SiO2–TiO2)/(C2H6O2) due to curved radiated surface

The nanofluids containing more two different types of nanoparticles with suspension of base fluids is referred to hybrid nanofluids. The modified class of hybrid type nanomaterials is new impressive category of nanofluid model which obtained with suspension of base fluid into more than two different types of nanoparticles. The heating influence and capacitance of modified hybrid nanoparticles is more impressive as compared to hybrid model and traditional nanofluid model. Following such motivations in mind, current exploration reports the comparative thermal inspection of three types of nanoparticles like aluminium oxide ( A l 2 O 3 ) , silicon dioxide ( S i O 2 ) and titanium dioxide ( T i O 2 ) with suspension of base particles along with ethylene glycol ( C 2 H 6 O 2 ) base fluid. The flow pattern for such nanoparticles flow is observed due to curved surface comprising the stagnation point flow. The Casson fluid model is used to identify the rheological impact and base fluid characterization. The nonlinear radiation impact is also utilized to modify the model. The Keller box numerical outcomes against the developed set of equations are obtained. A comparative investigation for the suspension of modified hybrid nanomaterial ( A l 2 O 3 + S i O 2 + T i O 2 − C 2 H 6 O 2 ) is inspected.

Comparison of Thermal Behavior of Self-Designed Internally Cooled Cutting Tool for Various Heat Transfer Fluids-Statistic and Computational Fluid Dynamics Approach

Abstract Compared with dry machining, using traditional cutting fluids has some weaknesses, such as environmental pollution, high machining costs, and harmful effects on human health. Internally cooled cutting tools (ICCTs) have been promising, sustainable, health-friendly, and green technologies for turning applications. However, the effects of different types of internal coolant fluids on insert tip temperature (Ttip) have not been investigated for ICCTs. The machining quality of metallic materials and tool life can improve with effective cooling. This study investigates the internal cooling performance of a self-designed internally cooled smart cutting tool (ICSCT) by comparing different heat transfer fluids. Therefore, a conjugate heat transfer (CHT) model was set for a self-designed ICSCT. The CHT simulation was experimentally confirmed using pure water (…developed by Ozturk, E., Yildizli, K., and Saglam, F., 2021, “Investigation on an Innovative Internally Cooled Smart Cutting Tool With the Built-In Cooling-Control System,” Arab. J. Sci. Eng., 46(3), pp. 2397–2411). After that, the effects of flow velocity (Vf) and the inlet temperature of the coolant fluid (Tinlet) alongside different types of glycol-based heat transfer fluids (including pure water) on Ttip were statistically evaluated by the Taguchi method and analysis of the variance (ANOVA). It was found that the most influential factor was the Tinlet at a contribution ratio level of 88.32%. Additionally, according to statistics, Vf and the type of heat transfer fluid were significant. Hence, since no external coolant is used, the designed smart tool can be considered environmentally friendly and health-friendly. In conclusion, glycol-based fluids can be a better choice for internally cooled tool designs owing to their superior features, e.g., corrosion prevention, nontoxicity, and stable heat transfer capability at lower temperatures compared to pure water, although pure water has better thermal properties than the glycol-based fluids (Dynalene Heat Transfer Fluids Technical Datasheets, Cited March 31, 2020).

Dissipative induced magnetic field on axisymmetric stagnation point flow of Propylene Glycol (PG) infused with multiple shape Tin (Sn), and Tungsten W (nanometer) particles

The present study focuses on investigating the influence of Induced Magnetic Field (IMF) and stagnation point flow over a radial stretching surface. For detailed comparative analysis multiple shape nanoparticles of Tin and Tungsten are submerged in Propylene glycol base fluid. The physical model is presented using the basic laws of mass, momentum, and energy conservation. To provide a realistic physically analysis, magnetohydrodynamics, viscous dissipation, and convective boundary conditions effects are incorporated. Using scaling analysis, the flow governing problem is converted into a set of higher-order nonlinear ODEs, which are then numerically solved. Quantities of practical importance, such as skin friction and Nusselt numbers, are depicted using bar graphs and physically examined in depth. The blade-shaped Tungsten-Propylene Glycol nanofluid had the lowest velocity, greatest IMF, and maximum heat flux compared to the Tin-Propylene Glycol nanofluid, making it the best option for producing radial modules.

Heat transfer and electrical discharge of hybrid nanofluid coolants in a fuel cell cooling channel application

Hybrid nanofluid coolants is a new approach for advanced thermal management of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane fuel cells. Due to the high electrical conductivity of nanofluids, electrical discharge when a nanofluid coolant is used in a fuel cell is a concern and needs to be fundamentally studied. The objective is to obtain experimental correlations between heat transfer and electrical discharge rates of a nanofluid coolant in the form of a novel electro-thermal transfer ratio as a reference for future progress. A hybrid of 1%v TiO2 and SiO2 nanoparticles dispersed in a water and ethylene glycol (40:60) base fluid mixture was tested. The heated surface temperatures of the cooling channel were at 60 °C and 70 °C while the electrical power was nominally discharged through the test section at 0.7 V and 3 A. Under laminar flow, the concurrent changes to the temperature profile and active current were observed. The cooling was improved for the 40:60 hybrid TiO2:SiO2 nanofluid coolant with an enhancement factor of up to 2 times while the measured electrical current was visibly lower than the nominal current. The electro-thermal transfer ratio reduced exponentially with Reynolds number, indicating that electrical discharge strength into the coolant reduced at higher flow rates compared to the rate of heat transfer. These preliminary findings provide a new improved perspective in the assessment of nanofluid coolants for fuel cell systems and electrically-active systems in general.

Entropy generation minimization of Ag-Fe_3O_4/water-ethylene glycol squeezed hybrid nanofluid flow between parallel disks

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the squeezing flow of hybrid nanofluid within the two parallel disks. The 50:50% water–ethylene glycol mixture is used as a base fluid to prepare Ag–Fe_3O_4 hybrid nanofluid. Entropy generation analysis is examined by using the second law of thermodynamics, and Darcy’s modal involves estimating the behavior of a porous medium. The influences of Viscous dissipation, Joule heating and thermal radiation in modeling are further exerted into concern.Design/methodology/approachFor converting partial differential systems to ordinary systems, a transformation technique is used. For the validation part, the numerical solution is computed by embracing a fourth-order exactness program (bvp4c) and compared with the analytical solution added by the homotopy analysis method (HAM). Graphical decisions expose the values of miscellaneous-arising parameters on the velocity, temperature and local-Nusselt numbers.FindingsHybrid nanofluid gives significant enhancement in the rate of heat transfer compared with nanofluid. The outcomes indicate that the average Nusselt number and entropy generation are increasing functions of the magnetic field, porosity and Brinkman number. When the thermal radiation rises, the average Nusselt number diminishes and the entropy generation advances. Furthermore, combining silver and magnetite nanoparticles into the water–ethylene glycol base fluid significantly enhances entropy generation performance.Originality/valueEntropy generation analysis of the magneto-hydrodynamics (MHD) fluid squeezed between two parallel disks by considering Joule heating, viscous dissipation and thermal radiation for different nanoparticles is addressed. Furthermore, an appropriate agreement is obtained in comparing the numerical results with previously published and analytical results.

Feature of metallic oxide nanoparticles in the thermal efficiency and flow structure of non-Newtonian homogeneous nanofluid: experimental data-based mathematical approach

Nanofluids are innovativeheat transfer fluids with superior thermophysical properties and have numerous engineering applications in several necessary fields. Keeping this in mind, the flow characteristics of non-Newtonian nanofluids over moving flat surfaces are discussed. We use nanofluids that are synthessed by dispersing the nanoparticles SiO2, TiO2, and MgO with (20–30 nm, 60–70 nm), (30, 50 nm) and (20 nm, 40 nm) particle diameters, respectively, in ethylene glycol-based fluid, including 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% nanoparticle volume fraction. Mathematical modeling is demonstrated by continuity, momentum, heat equations, and parameters of the rheological model are associated with the viscosity-shear rate relation that follows the experimental results. We consequently explore velocity and temperature profiles through graphs under the impact of distinct nanoparticle volume fractions and diameters. The heat transfer rate and shear stress at the wall are investigated under different nanoparticle volume fractions. Furthermore, we have investigated and understood the behavior of mass flow rate and momentum flux through displacement and momentum thickness parameters. The results revealed that velocity is decreased due to increased viscosity and deficiency in mass and momentum flow rates with the enhancement in nanoparticle concentration.

EMHD CASSON HYBRID NANOFLUID FLOW OVER AN EXPONENTIALLY ACCELERATED ROTATING POROUS SURFACE

The influence of Coriolis body force, electro-magnetohydrodynamics (EMHD) and thermal radiative heat transfer on the Casson hybrid mixed convection nanofluid driven by an exponentially accelerated plate adjacent to a porous medium in a rotating system is analyzed. Hybrid (Ag- Al2O3) and Al2O3nanofluids are considered with ethylene glycol (EG) base fluid. The Maxwell-Garnett model has been deployed to derive the thermal conductivity of the hybrid nanofluid. The electrical potential problem is simplified by applying Debye-Hückel linearization. The Laplace transform method (LTM) is employed to derive closed-form solutions. In terms of heat transfer, the hybrid nanofluid (Ag-Al2O3)/EG and nanofluid (Al2O3)/EG performance are compared. The benefits of EG-based hybrid nanofluid (Ag-Al2O3) relative to EG based (Al2O3) nanofluid, are elaborated. The analysis finds applications in centrifugal dynamic electrochromatography under electromagnetic gradient, bio-analytical separation techniques with electric field gradients and rotary bio-inspired DC electromagnetic blood pumps.

Experimental study on properties of hybrid stable & surfactant-free nanofluids GNPs/CNCs (Graphene nanoplatelets/cellulose nanocrystal) in water/ethylene glycol mixture for heat transfer application

The heat transfer capacity of any thermal cooling system depends on two factors, i.e., the selection of the coolant and the geometrical pattern of the approach. This article summarizes nanofluids' preparation ranging from 0.01 % to 0.2 % using Graphene nanoplatelets & CNC dispersed in a base fluid. The combination of water with ethylene glycol (EG) is a form of customary heat transmit liquids regularly utilized in numerous energy practices to maintain the water's decent cooling (or heating) capability; thus, 60:40 ratio of EG: W mixture used as the base fluid for thermo-physical properties enhancements. These nanofluids prepared are not used with surfactants as it results in generating bubbles and contaminating the heat transfer channels, influencing the overall performance. XRD &FESEMtechniques were used to analyze the surface. The investigated nanofluids remained stable, with no substantial sedimentation for 30 days. The results of GNPs/CNC nanofluids at 0.1% volume concentration has proper stability showing excellent colloidal stability in the base fluid of EG: W at a ratio of 60:40. The present hybrid nanofluid has the ability to switch the traditional heat transfer fluids leading to efficient & compact thermal structures.

Numerical simulation for magnetized transport of hybrid nanofluids with exponential space-based heat source

The prime aim of this investigation is to discuss the two-dimensional steady analysis of hybrid nanoliquids in the existence of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), thermally radiation and viscous dissipation effects over a linear stretchable sheet. Carbon nanotubes (SWCNT and MWCNT) with copper (Cu) are comprised in the propylene glycol-based fluid. The significance of propylene glycol-based fluid is affected under the exponential space-based heat source phenomenon. The remarkable role of propylene glycol on thermal transport of hybrid nanoliquids is influenced in the presence of temperature-dependent viscosity. The highly nonlinear governing partial differential structures are reduced to nonlinear ODEs by using suitable transformations. The transformed nonlinear ODEs of flow problem have been solved numerically by employing bvp4c (shooting) scheme with Lobatto-IIIA formula in MATLAB. The physical outcomes of involved parameters are obtained by utilizing the graphical and tabular data. The heat transport rate and the skin friction under the numerical data are also presented. From the results, we concluded that the velocity of fluid is declined for higher nanoparticles volume fraction. Velocity of fluid is declined with growing magnetic parameter. Furthermore, the temperature is upgraded with the growing thermal Biot number.

Numerical investigation of heat transport in Alumina–Silica hybrid nanofluid flow with modeling and simulation

The current numerical study investigates the thermal performance of four mono-component (i.e., blade-shaped Al2O3, brick-shaped Al2O3, cylinder-shaped Al2O3 or platelet-shaped Al2O3 nanoparticles in 50:50 water–ethylene glycol (EG) base fluid) and four bi-component nanofluids (i.e., blade-shaped Al2O3+SiO2/EG–water, cylinder-shaped Al2O3+SiO2/EG–water, brick-shaped Al2O3+SiO2/EG–water, and platelet-shaped Al2O3+SiO2/EG–water hybrid nanofluids) with the help of mathematical modeling. The non-Newtonian nature of these nanofluids is modeled using second grade viscoelastic fluid model accompanied by the energy equation. The highly non-linear coupled differential equations are solved by shooting method accompanied by 4th order Runge–Kutta method in MATLAB software. The numerical simulations are performed by procuring the data for thermophysical properties from the experimental studies. The effective thermal conductivity and viscosity of the four distinct alumina nanofluids are calculated by the models obtained from the experimental studies. The numerical results reveal that the nanofluid with platelet-shaped Al2O3 nanoparticles is the best heat transporter among the four alumina nanofluids The addition of SiO 2 nanoparticles further accelerates the rate of heat transfer in all four alumina nanofluids. The numerical results that illustrate the influence of nanoparticle volume fraction and thermofluidic parameters on the heat transport phenomenon are also discussed. The MATLAB code developed for the numerical solution is validated against the substantial published literature.

Numerical study of heat transfer and friction drag in MHD viscous flow of a nanofluid subject to the curved surface

The basic objective of this article is to highlight the impact of Joule heating, thermal radiation, and viscous dissipation on heat transfer rate and friction drag in the flow of viscous nanofluid subject to the curved stretching sheet. Moreover, the effects of magnetic field and two-heating process termed as prescribed surface temperature and prescribed heat flux is considered on the surface. The nanofluid is addressed as a mixture of alumina ( A l 2 O 3 ) nanoparticle and ethylene glycol ( C 2 H 6 O 2 ) base fluid. Initially, certain dimensionless variables have been addressed to modify the governing partial differential equation (PDEs) and the associated boundary condition into non-dimensional ordinary differential equations (ODEs) coupled with boundary conditions. Subsequently, the resulting equations are solved numerically by implementing bvp4c package in MATLAB. Multiple graphical results for heat transfer rate, friction drag, velocity, and temperature are obtained under the influence of several flow parameters like radiation parameter, Eckert number, curvature parameter, stretching parameter, Hartmann number, and volume fraction of nanoparticles. Moreover, several interesting results for the flat surface ( K → ∞ ), with prescribed heat flux and surface temperature have been determined. The current radiative and dissipative flow coupled with the Joule heating process have countless applications in various industrial and engineering techniques.

Stagnation point flow of a second-grade hybrid nanofluid induced by a Riga plate

PurposeThis paper aims to accentuate the behavior of second-grade hybrid Al2O3–Cu nanofluid flow and its thermal characteristics driven by a stretching/shrinking Riga plate.Design/methodology/approachThe second-grade fluid is considered with the combination of Cu and Al2O3 nanoparticles. Three base fluids namely water, ethylene glycol (EG) and methanol with different Prandtl number are also examined. The formulation of the mathematical model of second-grade hybrid nanofluid complies with the boundary layer approximations. The complexity of the governing model is reduced into a simpler differential equations using the similarity transformation. The bvp4c solver is fully used to solve the reduced equations. The observation of multiple solutions is conducted for the assisting (stretching) and opposing (shrinking) cases.FindingsThe impact of suction parameter, second-grade parameter, electromagnetohydrodynamics (EMHD) parameter, velocity ratio parameter and the volumetric concentration of the alumina and copper nanoparticles are numerically analyzed on the velocity and temperature profiles, skin friction coefficient and local Nusselt number (thermal rate) of the second-grade Al2O3–Cu/water. The solution is unique when (static and stretching cases) while dual for a specific range of negative in the presence of suction effect. Based on the appearance of the first solution in all cases of, it is physically showed that the first solution is stable. Further examination reveals that the EMHD and suction parameters are the contributing factors for the thermal enhancement of this non-Newtonian working fluid. Meanwhile, the viscosity of the non-Newtonian fluid also plays a significant role in the fluid motion and heat transfer rate based on the finding that the EG base fluid produces the maximum heat transfer rate but the lowest critical value and skin friction coefficient.Originality/valueThe results are novel and contribute to the discovery of the hybrid nanoparticles’ performance in the non-Newtonian second-grade fluid. Besides, this study is beneficial to the researchers in this field and general audience from industries regarding the factors, which contributing to the thermal enhancement of the working fluid.

Thermal conductivity of ethylene glycol based nanofluids containing hybrid nanoparticles of SWCNT and Fe3O4 and its price-performance analysis for energy management

In the present study, the thermal conductivity (knf) of hybrid nanofluids containing SWCNT and Fe3O4 nanoparticles with a ratio of 40%–60% in ethylene glycol base fluid was investigated in the laboratory and performance analysis. The knf of hybrid prepared nanofluids was measured using KD2 device with the error of 5%. Then, the price-performance analysis of the nanofluid was performed to evaluate the performance and efficiency of the present nanofluids and mono nanofluids (SWCNT/ethylene glycol). Then, using artificial neural network (ANN), experimental data are modeled and estimated in terms of temperature and volume fraction of nanoparticles (ϕ). Sensitivity analysis of experimental data was also performed to slope the knf changes to determine the best temperature and ϕ for nanofluid operation. Experimental data show that nanofluids with ϕ=1% show more than 40% increase in knf. Price-performance analysis that presented to provide capability in energy management shows that the use of hybrid nanofluids can be more economical than the cost of mono nanofluids.

Addition of MWCNT-Al2O3 nanopowders to water- ethylene glycol (EG) base fluid for enhancing the thermal characteristics: Design an optimum feed-forward neural network

Prediction the thermal conductivity of nanofluids has been subject of many researches. Artificial Neural Networks are used to obtain thermal conductivity of NAnofluids because not only this method is fast and acurate but also it can reduce the Lab costs. To predict the thermal conductivity of water- EG/MWCNT-Al2O3 hybrid nanofluid (knf) a feed-forward neural network with different neuron numbers has been tested and the best network based on the performance is selected. The Levenberg Marquardt algorithm is used for training the network, which is one of the best algorithms in machine learning. Also, using a fitting method, a surface is used to illustrate the behavior of nanofluids based on the volume fraction of nanoparticles (ϕ) and temperature (T). ϕ=0, 0.001, 0.002, 0.004, 0.008, 0.0016 and T = 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50 °C are used.. The obtained results show that the ANN and Fitting results are close to the experimental datapoints, and both methods can predict knf accurately. As the results of these methods are very close, but the ANN method is better in predicting the behavior of this nanofluid.

Corrosion Study on Single-Phase Liquid Cooling Cold Plates With Inhibited Propylene Glycol/Water Coolant for Data Centers

Abstract Single-phase cold plate liquid cooling attracts more and more attention to high-performance computing (HPC), cloud computing, and general computing data centers for the thermal management of modern microprocessors and adjacent components due to liquid’s inherent advantage of higher specific heat compared to air. Deionized (DI) water is usually used as a coolant for liquid cooling in data centers. On the contrary, propylene glycol/water is recommended as a coolant for single-phase cold plate liquid cooling in this study for following reasons. The inhibited propylene glycol-based fluids of 25+% vol have the benefit of being biostatic and not requiring addition of biocides. They also offer freezing protection in the usage of data centers in cold climates. The cold plates made from copper is prone to oxide even under the room temperature, and the dissimilarity between brazing material and copper can also cause galvanic corrosion in the usage. In this paper, a study was carried out to investigate cold plate corrosion with inhibited propylene glycol/water using design of experiments (DOE) method. This study shows manufacturing process plays an important role on corrosion of cold plates made from copper and the corrosion risk can be mitigated by enabling new manufacturing processes, including friction stir welding (FSW) and nickel plating to the inside surface of the cold plate in the manufacturing process.

Shifted Legendre Collocation Method for the Solution of Unsteady Viscous-Ohmic Dissipative Hybrid Ferrofluid Flow over a Cylinder.

A numerical treatment for the unsteady viscous-Ohmic dissipative flow of hybrid ferrofluid over a contracting cylinder is provided in this study. The hybrid ferrofluid was prepared by mixing a 50% water (HO) + 50% ethylene glycol base fluid with a hybrid combination of magnetite (FeO and cobalt ferrite (CoFeO ferroparticles. Suitable parameters were considered for the conversion of partial differential equations (PDEs) into ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The numerical solutions were established by expanding the unknowns and employing the truncated series of shifted Legendre polynomials. We begin by collocating the transformed ODEs by setting the collocation points. These collocated equations yield a system of algebraic equations containing shifted Legendre coefficients, which can be obtained by solving this system of equations. The effect of the various influencing parameters on the velocity and temperature flow profiles were plotted graphically and discussed in detail. The effects of the parameters on the skin friction coefficient and heat transfer rates were further presented. From the discussion, we come to the understanding that Eckert number considerably decreases both the skin friction coefficient and the heat transfer rate.

Magnetic dipole and thermal radiation effects on hybrid base micropolar CNTs flow over a stretching sheet: Finite element method approach

The finite element method (FEM) is applied to study the impacts of prominent parameters on microrotation, velocity, and temperature to know the characteristics of the flow of incompressible water-ethylene glycol base fluids (60% water + 40% ethylene glycol) with single-wall and multiwall carbon nanotube nanoparticles micropolar ferromagnetic fluid due to porous stretching surface. A magnetic dipole of significant strength together the applied magnetic field contributes to better saturation of magnetic nanoparticles. Appropriate similarity transforms are applied to acquire the ordinary differential form of the governing non-linear partial differential equations and resulting equations are discretized in the prospectus of FEM. The detailed parametric study has been carried out, the results are presented in graphical and tabular form. The increment in the ferromagnetic interaction parameter slows down the fluid velocity but it upsurges the microrotation and thermal distribution. The multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) in comparison to the single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) has a greater impact on velocity and microrotation profiles also single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) is compared to the multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) has a greater impact on the temperature profile. The validation of the MATLAB code and the numerical scheme has been verified with an excellent comparison of present results with previous ones in the existing literature.

Analysis of heat transfer in SWCNTs-ethylene glycol-based nanofluid past a vertical complex wavy surface

In this paper, the improvement of heat transfer in SWCNTs (Single wall carbon nanotubes) ethylene glycol (EG)-based nanofluid through a complex (irregular) surface is examined. A complex surface is created as a sum of two sine functions in term of fundamental wave and its first harmonic wave. The modeled nonlinear governing equations are made dimensionless PDEs by introducing scaling variables. The resulting nonlinear PDEs are solved numerically using implicit scheme base on backward and central difference approximations. A study of heat transfer is performed in three different ways namely nanofluid flow along flat plate, flow along single sinusoidal surface and complex surface. To check in which case rate of heat transfer increases, the graphs of local Nusselt number, rate of total heat transfer and average Nusselt number are plotted. From these graphs, it is noticed that total heat transfer rate and Nusselt numbers of SWCNTs-based nanofluid increase as compared to base fluid. Also total heat transfer rate for both EG base fluid and nanofluid increases along complex surface as compared to single sinusoidal surface and opposite behavior is observed in Nusselt numbers. It is seen that by adding SWCNTs in EG base fluid, heat transfer rate increases 60% in case of dominant amplitude of fundamental wave and 88% to 98% approximately in case of dominant amplitude of harmonic wave w.r.t. the case of $$\chi = 0.0,\,\alpha_{1} = 0.5,\,\alpha_{2} = 0.2.$$

Study the Effect of Gum Arabic and Triton X-100 on Stability and Thermal Conductivity of ZnO/ethylene glycol Nanofluids

Stability of nanofluids is one of the most important factors to ensure the most benefit of the properties of nanoparticles. Zinc oxide was used in the research with concentration between (0.2-1) wt. % with ethylene glycol base fluid. The stability of ZnO nanofluid was enhanced by adding two types of surfactants Tx-100 and Gum Arabic with concentration of (0.1-0.5) vol. % to stabilize the ZnO nanoparticles in the base fluid. The results showed that the Gum Arabic surfactant led to more stable fluid than that of Tx-100; this was shown from zeta potential and UV spectroscopy measurements. The thermal conductivity coefficient was also measured, and the results showed that the thermal conductivity increased with adding surfactant than without using a stabilizer.

Enhancement of the heat transfer in radiator with louvered fin by using Graphene-based hybrid nanofluids

Newly developed hybrid nanofluids can enhance heat transfer performance of various automotive appliances. Improved thermophysical properties of this hybrid nanoparticles when used as coolants will enhance the effectiveness of the car radiators with improved engine cooling system. The present study involves the simulation-based analysis of thermal enhancement of Graphene based Hybrid Nanofluids in a Car radiator. System analysis is performed considering single tube component in the radiator for pattern development. CFD analysis is conducted using ANSYS FLUENT module. Graphene/Crystal Nanocellulose hybrid (Graphene + CNC) nanoparticles are suspended in water & ethylene glycol base fluids (40:60) at 0.01%,0.05%,0.1% &0.2 % volume concentration considering at 3-7 LPM inlet mass flow rate. The effect of various volume concentration, inlet temperature and flow rate on Pressure, Enthalpy, Entropy, Heat transfer coefficient, and Heat transfer rate has been examined by simulation. The results indicate that when using a Louvered fin in a radiator, Maximum enhancement of 60% in heat transfer rate, 53% increase of heat transfer coefficient, 65% increase in pressure are achieved for Graphene with CNC hybrid nanofluids when compared with Graphene based nanofluids. Using this type of hybrid coolants along with louvered fin in radiator can significantly improve the heat transfer performance of radiators.