Glycine Potassium Research Articles

Carbonation curing of cement-based materials by using potassium glycine solution: Uniformly CO2 sequestration and secondary strengthening

In this research, an internal carbonation curing method was proposed to achieve inside-outside synergistic carbon capture and performance improvement of cement-based materials. Potassium glycine (KG) solution with various concentrations was used as the CO2 carrier. The results indicate that the addition of CO2-rich KG solution increases 7-d and 28-d compressive strength by 29.8% and 16.2%, as well as achieving an overall CO2 uptake of 4∼11% in cement paste. However, at higher KG concentrations, the rapidly generated amorphous calcium carbonate covers the surface of cement particles, which shortens the setting time and inhibits early-age hydration. The presence of carbamate in CO2-rich KG solution improves the stability of metastable CaCO3 polymorphs and prolongs the period of dissolution-recrystallization. Calcite generated by the slowed recrystallization within 14 days having a filling and binding ability in the cement matrix, significantly reducing porosity and providing a secondary strengthening effect.

Structural, optical, thermal, mechanical, SHG and antibacterial properties of organic dyes doped glycine potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate single crystals

The advanced electro-optical materials are highly demanded because of their various uses in recent years. Glycine potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate single crystals are grown using a slow solvent evaporation technique in order to investigate the effects of the organic dyes crystal violet, malachite green, chrysoidine y, alizarin red, and victoria blue on the structural, optical, mechanical, thermal, SHG, and antibacterial properties. The powder XRD study validates the 14-2d space group tetragonal crystal structure. The higher optical bandgap energy and increased optical transparency of the crystal violet and victoria blue dye doped crystals indicate that there are less defects in their crystal lattice. The elemental analysis confirmed the presence of different organic dyes in the GKDP crystal lattice. The dye doping has enhanced the mechanical and optical characteristics of the formed crystals, and are categorised as soft materials. It is found that all dye-doped crystals have improved thermal stability. Malachite green and crystal violet doped GKDP crystals have higher SHG efficiency.

Growth, UV and IR Characterization of Tri- Glycine Potassium Sulphate [NH2CH2COOH-K2SO4] single [GPS] crystal

Studies on dislocation & reactivity in organic crystalline materials play an important role in crystal growth, plasticity, crystal strength, ionic conductivity, electric conductivity & diffusion properties. The presence of dislocation governs or modifies a number of phenomenons. Etching behavior helps to understand surface characteristics & direction bonding. Studies on dislocations provide the information of ferroelectrics for the formation of domains. The interaction between domains and dislocation is not fully understood in organic ferroelectrics. Keeping this in view, crystalline materials were tried starting with amino acid having zwitter ions characteristics. In the present article Tri- Glycine Potassium Sulphate [NH2CH2COOH-K2SO4] single [GPS] crystal has been used for the study

Experiments on continuous chemical desorption of CO2-rich solutions

The traditional thermal desorption is replaced by chemical desorption and the desorption tower is replaced by the reaction and precipitation tank to promote industrial application of chemical desorption. Monoethanolamine (MEA), N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA), 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) and potassium glycine (PG) were selected and the effects of temperature, CO2 loading, dosage of desorption agent and different calcium compounds on the desorption ratio were studied. The results indicated that desorption ratios of MEA, MDEA, AMP and PG were enhanced with increasing temperature, but the desorption ratio had a maximum at 40 °C in the case of MDEA. With increases of CO2 loading and the amount of Ca(OH)2, desorption ratios increased. The desorption ratios of four CO2-rich solutions with CaO were lower than that of Ca(OH)2, but the difference in desorption ratio decreased as reaction time increased. The desorption ratios of MEA, MDEA, AMP and PG were able to reach 84.3%,90.17%,88.71% and 92.22% in optimum operating conditions, which were higher than that of conventional thermal desorption and the optimum operating conditions were as follows: the reaction temperature is 40 °C, CO2 loading is 0.21 mol/L, Ca:C is 1:1 and the desorption agent is Ca(OH)2. This study has crucial significance for the application of chemical desorption.

Synthesis, growth and investigation of an efficient nonlinear optical single crystal: Glycine potassium iodide

• GPI single crystals were grown by slow evaporation method. • Functional groups of the crystal were identified by FTIR spectral analysis. • The SHG efficiency is 0.89 times that of KDP. • Third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility (χ 3 ) was found to be 3.79 × 10 −6 esu. Using the slow solvent evaporation method with deionized water as the solvent, a single crystal of glycine potassium iodide (GPI) was grown at room temperature. The GPI crystal belongs with space group Cc to the monoclinic system. Functional groups present in the sample were identified by FTIR spectral analysis. The crystals were further characterized by UV-Vis NIR transmission spectrum in the range of 250–1100 nm. Second Harmonic Generation was validated in the Kurtz-Perry powder technique. The Z-scan experiment was being used to assess the nonlinear absorption coefficient, nonlinear refractive index and third-order nonlinear susceptibility to explore GPI crystal third-order NLO behavior. The photoconductivity study confirms the grown crystal is positive photoconductivity. The grown crystal suitability for nonlinear optical applications was confirmed through characterization studies.

Reaction mechanisms of carbon dioxide capture by amino acid salt and desorption by heat or mineralization

The reaction mechanisms of potassium glycine (KG)–CO2 absorption, thermal desorption and mineralization desorption with CaO were studied based on the contents of carbamate, bicarbonate/carbonate, and KG/protonated KG analyzed by 13C-quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (13C qNMR). KG as the absorbent shows the CO2 absorption efficiency up to 76% which has 57% due to the bicarbonate/carbonate formation and 43% due to the carbamate formation. Mineralization has a higher CO2 desorption efficiency of 59% than that of thermal desorption (47%), and the results also indicate that carbamate is less stable under mineralization than under heat although both processes show the similar profiles as a function of pH value for carbamate and bicarbonate/carbonate. A new mechanism has been proposed to explain carbamate increasing with significantly decreasing bicarbonate/carbonate at the early stage of mineralization desorption while the other mechanisms reported in literatures have also been confirmed in this study.

Comments on “Investigation on novel bulk size single crystal of Glycine with metal ions grown by solution growth method for photonic applications”

The authors of the title paper (Materials Letters 257 (2019) 126674) report to have grown a glycine potassium dichromate (GPDC) single crystal by slow evaporation of an aqueous solution containing equimolar quantities of glycine and potassium dichromate. In this comment, many points of criticism, concerning the crystal growth and experimental data for this so-called GPDC crystal are discussed to prove that it is a dubious material.

Investigations on growth and characterization of glycine potassium iodide for non liner optical applications

Glycine Potassium Iodide (GPI) crystals have been grown using slow evaporation solution technique at room temperature. The functional groups and vibrational frequencies were identified using FTIR spectral analysis. The cell parameters were determined from single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The optical transmittance window and lower cutoff wavelength have been identified by UV-absorption spectrum analysis. The second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency measurement was carried out by powder Kurtz method. The photoconductivity study confirms the positive photo conducting nature of grown crystal. The characterization studies have confirmed that the grown crystal is suitable for Non linear optical applications.

Investigation on novel bulk size single crystal of Glycine with metal ions grown by solution growth method for photonic applications

Abstract Single crystals of Glycine Potassium dichromate (GPDC) were successfully grown by slow evaporation method at an ambient temperature. Single crystal X-Ray diffractometer was utilized to measure the lattice parameters and to confirm the crystal system. The functional groups present in the grown GPDC crystal have been identified by the FTIR spectral analysis. The optical absorption studies were carried out so as to confirm the lower cut off wavelength of the grown crystal which has been analyzed by making use of UV–Vis spectrum. The mechanical hardness of the sample has been studied. The existence of second harmonic generation signals was observed using Nd:YAG laser with fundamental wavelength of 1064 nm possessing SHG efficiency of 1.3 times greater than that of KDP and hence it can be a potential material for the frequency- doubling process.

Identification of Marbling Gene Loci in Commercial Pigs in Canadian Herds

A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed on the intramuscular fat percentage in pork chops in commercially available swine in Canada. The Duroc, Iberian, Lacombe, Berkshire, and Pietrain breeds were crossed with Large White sows, and their F1 offspring were ranked according to the intramuscular fat percentage (IMF %) obtained in their longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle loin chops. The ideal IMF % is considered to be >3%, whereas the average is ~1.5% in North American pork. The genetics of the top 10% and bottom 10% from our sample population were analysed by using 80,000 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarrays in the GWAS. Our sample population had an average IMF % of 2.5 ± 0.7%, but some pork achieved >7% IMF. GWAS analysis revealed SNP markers which were associated with the highest marbled pork chops on chromosomes 5, 7, and 16. Using the Sus scrofa/ susScr 11.1 map, we determined that the nearest genes were sarcospan (SSPN), Rh-associated glycoprotein (RHAG), and EGF-like fibronectin and laminin G (EGFLAM), which can be linked with muscular dystrophy disorders. We tested a subpopulation of Duroc-sired animals and found a different set of markers close to glycine receptor beta (GRLB) and potassium channel 3 (KCNJ3) on chromosomes 8 and 15. Based on our results, we could achieve pork with a good IMF of >4% from animals commercially bred and raised to standard market weights of 110 kg. The choice of obtaining a good marbling line of pigs is not necessarily breed-specific, but it is line-specific.

Synthesis, growth and characterization of a glycine potassium dichromate (GPDC) single crystal

Abstract Some organic materials develop great importance thanks to nonlinear properties and are found to be more suitable for device applications. The present study focuses on the growth and charac...

Repeated glyphosate exposure induces shifts in nitrifying communities and metabolism of phenylpropanoids

Glyphosate is the most used herbicide worldwide. Repeated applications are very common in the field due to increasing incidence of glyphosate resistant (GR) weeds. Although several studies have considered the effects of single applications, the information related with the impact of repeated applications on soil microbial communities is comparatively less. We designed a laboratory experiment at microcosm level to assess the impact of up to three applications of glyphosate on microbial communities of soils with (H) and without history (NH) of exposure to the herbicide. The overall bacterial community and a specific group, the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), were considered. Control microcosms (no glyphosate) and those with one, two or three applications of the active ingredient (AI, N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine potassium salt) or a commercial formulation (CF, Roundup Full II) were sampled after the final application. A higher respiratory quotient (RQ) was detected with p-coumaric acid as C source for microcosms with three applications (AI or CF) relative to the control. Estimations of abundance of amoA gene (AOB) and 16S rRNA gene (Eubacteria) using Quantitative Real Time PCR (qPCR) indicated no effects of three applications (AI or CF). However, significant differences were detected for the CF when the abundance of AOB was related to Eubacteria. Additionally, a shift in the structure of AOB was detected after three applications of either the AI or the CF. Together these results reflect an impact of repeated exposure to glyphosate on bacterial groups involved in key processes for C and N cycling in soil.

Potentiometric determination of glycine, alanine, and leucine anions and potassium cations in alkaline solutions using zirconia-modified nafion and MF-4SC membranes

Cross sensitivity of potentiometric PD-sensors (sensors whose signal is Donnan potential) based on MF-4SC and Nafion cation-exchange membranes containing hydrated ZrO2 nanoparticles to amino acid (glycine, alanine, and leucine) ions in alkaline solutions has been investigated. By varying ZrO2 concentrations, it is possible to select pairs of PD-sensors that have a sufficiently high sensitivity to the amino acid anions and K+ cations in Gly + KOH, β-Ala + KOH, and Leu + KOH solutions, as well as the lowest correlation between responses of sensors. The pairs of PD-sensors were used for simultaneous determination of amino acid anions and K+ cations in alkaline solutions.

Solubility of Carbon Dioxide in Aqueous Potassium Salts of Glycine and Taurine at Absorber and Desorber Conditions

In this work the vapor liquid equilibria (VLE) of carbon dioxide in both taurine (KTaurate) and glycine (KGlycinate) potassium salts are measured and compared to literature data. The VLE data were measured at two salt concentrations of approximately (1 and 1.8) mol·kg–1, and at temperatures of (313, 333, 353, 373, and 393) K. The experiments were carried out in three different stirred cell reactors, all operated in batch mode to ensure the highest accuracy. The experimental results show that the CO2 partial pressure for the same loading is higher in all cases for KTaurate compared to KGlycinate. Experiments showed higher acid gas partial pressures for higher concentrations at the same temperature. Furthermore, for both solvents at 373 K the relative difference in CO2 partial pressure is greatest with a factor 2 for two solutions with the same loading. KGlycinate at 393 K showed significant degradation observed through color change and formation of gas with approximately 3 % AAS conversion in 2.5 days for a concentration of 1.7 mol·kg–1.

Phosphatase activity and specific methanogenic activity in an anaerobic reactor treating sludge from a brackish recirculation aquaculture system

Anaerobic treatment of high salinity sludge from marine/brackish recirculation aquaculture systems is potentially limited by inhibition of enzymatic activities and cell lysis resulting from high osmotic pressures. To further address these limitations the following investigations were conducted: effect of salinity on phosphatase activity (PA), soluble microbial products (SMP) production, and presence of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS); effect of iron (III) chloride (FeCl3) on PA and specific methanogenic activity (SMA); effect of addition of the compatible solute glycine betaine (GB) and potassium on PA, as well as on SMP and EPS production, all under saline conditions. The results show that salinity has different effects on PA of anaerobes under starvation and feeding conditions. FeCl3 increased the SMA of the sludge by 22.5% at 100 mg FeCl3/L compared with a control group (0 mg FeCl3/L). Furthermore, results of analysis of variance tests show that betaine increased the polysaccharide content of EPS and polypeptide content of SMP. However, addition of 1 mM potassium chloride did not show a significant effect on EPS and SMP composition. In conclusion, anaerobic digestion of salty sludges from a brackish aquaculture recirculation system may not be negatively affected by FeCl3 addition to concentrate waste streams, whereas GB boosts the production of SMP and EPS.

Antiviral and Virucidal Activities of N-Cocoyl-L-Arginine Ethyl Ester

Various amino acid-derived compounds, for example, Nα-Cocoyl-L-arginine ethyl ester (CAE), alkyloxyhydroxylpropylarginine, arginine cocoate, and cocoyl glycine potassium salt (Amilite), were examined for their virucidal activities against herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2), influenza A virus (IAV), and poliovirus type 1 (PV-1) in comparison to benzalkonium chloride (BKC) and sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) as a cationic and anionic control detergent and also to other commercially available disinfectants. While these amino acid-derived compounds were all effective against HSV-1 and HSV-2, CAE and Amilite were the most effective. These two compounds were, however, not as effective against IAV, another enveloped virus, as against HSV. Cytotoxicity of CAE was weak; at 0.012%, only 5% of the cells were killed under the conditions, in which 100% cells were killed by either SDS or BKC. In addition to these direct virucidal effects, CAE inhibited the virus growth in the HSV-1- or PV-1-infected cells even at 0.01%. These results suggest a potential application of CAE as a therapeutic or preventive medicine against HSV superficial infection at body surface.

Growth, structural, optical and electrical behavior of glycine potassium nitrate (GPN) crystal with non-linear optical response

New trapezoidal, non-linear optical crystals of glycine potassium nitrate (GPN) have been grown by slow cooling from solutions with an initial pH of 4.3. Chemical composition, phase formation and functional groups have been verified by CHN, EDAX, XRF, NMR, XRD, FTIR and Raman studies. UV studies show a much lower cut off wavelength (195 nm) compared to the much investigated glycine sodium nitrate (GSN). The powder SHG efficiency of GPN is found to be 0.6 times compared to that of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP). Cut and polished crystals exposed to light indicate positive photoconductivity. Electrical conductivity studies show an activation energy of 0.16 eV and the dielectric loss is found to decay drastically at higher frequencies (1 MHz) which is desirable in electronic applications. Vickers microhardness studies indicate a Mayer's index value of 2.78. Well resolved, elongated and oriented etch pits have been observed on the side habit face (220) treated in glacial acetic acid for 5 s. Typical circular features resisting the formation of etch pits representing impurity elements have been observed on the cleavage faces. Moisture has been traced on the surface of the crystals subjected to heat treatment.

Growth, chemical and structural analysis of glycine potassium iodate (GPI): A new non-linear optical material

Crystals of glycine potassium iodate (GPI) have been grown from aqueous solution by slow evaporation technique at room temperature. The chemical and structural units have been verified and the crystals were found to be thermally stable up to 210 °C. Comparative IR and Raman studies indicate a molecule with lack of center of symmetry. Habit and cleavage faces treated with glacial acetic acid are seen to produce elongated and flat bottom pits. Thermal evaporation reveals the presence of well defined rhombus shaped pits on cleavage faces heated near 80 °C–100 °C. Partial cleavages, moisture, circular features and glide bands have been observed. UV studies show energy band gap of 5.92 eV in addition to the presence of a wide transparency window. An SHG efficiency of 33.81 times that of standard KDP has been recorded using Kurtz and Perry method. Vickers micro hardness measurements indicate work hardening capacity of 7.78 suitable for applications in optoelectronic setup.

Conversion efficiency of the high-temperature combustion technique for dissolved organic carbon and total dissolved nitrogen analysis

The measurements of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) in seawater are key in global change and coastal eutrophication studies. Nowadays, the high-temperature combustion (HTC) technique is a widely used method for DOC and TDN analysis. However, uncertainties exist about the operation of the catalyst in the conversion process of DOC and TDN in the HTC method. In this study, five different ‘catalyst’ materials were tested for their blanks, calibration slopes, and conversion efficiency of DOC and TDN using the Shimadzu TOC 5000A total organic carbon analyser coupled to a Sievers NCD 255 nitrogen chemiluminescence detector. The materials included four metallic catalysts (Shimadzu and Johnson 0.5% Pt–alumina, 13% Cu(II)O–alumina, 0.5% Pd–alumina) and quartz beads. The results indicated that DOC blank signals for the HTC approach using metallic catalysts with an alumina support are higher compared with quartz beads, as a result of the amphoteric nature of the alumina. However, the slopes of the standard calibration graphs were lowest for DOC and TDN determinations on the quartz beads. The DOC recoveries for the metallic catalysts were close to 100% for all compounds tested, with the exception of ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate. Using quartz beads, poor recoveries were obtained for a range of organic compounds, including the commonly used calibration compounds potassium hydrogen phthalate and glycine. The TDN recoveries for all compounds were typically >90%, with the exception of NaNO2. Furthermore, analysis using the CuO–alumina and Pd–alumina catalysts and quartz beads showed low recoveries for NH4Cl. This study showed that catalyst performance should be verified on a regular basis using model compounds and blank checks made during every run, and that the Shimadzu 0.5% Pt–alumina material was an efficient catalyst for DOC and TDN analyses using the coupled total organic carbon–nitrogen chemiluminescence detector (TOC-NCD) analyser.

Synthesis and characterization of two novel high-dimensional extended structures based on Keggin-type polyoxometalates and potassium–glycine complex subunits

Two novel compounds based on Keggin-type polyoxometalates and potassium–glycine coordination complexes, {K 2(HGly) 2[SiW 12O 40]}·9H 2O 1 and {K 3HGly[SiW 12O 40]}·6H 2O 2 (Gly = glycine), have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, IR, TG analyses, cyclic voltammetry and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 1 is composed of the [α-SiW 12O 40] 4− building blocks, which are linked through potassium–glycine acid fragments to form a novel two-dimensional (2D) network. Compound 2 contains an infinite 2D layer constructed from [SiW 12O 40] 4− building blocks and potassium cations, and adjacent layers are further joined by potassium–glycine complex subunits and potassium cations to yield an unusual three-dimensional (3D) framework. The crystal data for two compounds are the following: 1, monoclinic, space group P2 1/c, a = 9.829(4) Å, b = 2.477(3) Å, c = 9.777(4) Å, β = 104.80(3) o , V = 4730.7(17) Å 3, Z = 4; 2, monoclinic, P2/c, a = 2.777(3) Å, b = 7.529(4) Å, c = 9.219(4) Å, β = 99.60(3)°, V = 4244.2(15) Å 3, Z = 4.