Gluten Free Casein Research Articles

Complementary and Alternative Medicine for Autism - A Systematic Review.

Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) is a therapeutic option currently used by autistic people with continued interest and uptake. There remains limited evidence regarding the efficacy of CAM use in autism. The aim of this systematic review is to comprehensively review published clinical trials to explore the efficacy of CAM in autism. A systematic literature review of available research published from June 2013 to March 2023 was conducted. Our literature search identified 1826 eligible citations, and duplications removed (n = 694) with 102 articles eligible for title/abstract screening. After full text review, 39 studies were included. The results of this systematic review identified that for autistic people, vitamin and mineral supplements may only be of benefit if there is a deficiency. The results also found that the main interventions used were dietary interventions and nutraceuticals, including targeted supplements, vitamins and minerals, omega 3s and prebiotics, probiotics and digestive enzymes. The evidence does not support some of the most frequently utilised dietary interventions, such as a Gluten Free Casein Free (GFCF) diet, and the use of targeted nutraceutical supplements may be of benefit, but more conclusive research is still required to direct safe and effective treatment.

Gluten Free Casein Free Diet for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder – A Review

Autism Spectrum Disorder is a group of neurodevelopmental conditions characterized by social and repetitive behaviour. As per WHO it is estimated that worldwide 1 in 160 children has ASD. Based on epidemiological studies conducted over the past 50 years, the prevalence of ASD appears to be increasing globally. Delayed speech, frequent repetition of set words and phrases, no social interactions, sensory changes etc. are the main symptoms of ASD. There is no known cure for ASD, but many different approaches are used to treat the symptoms of the disorders, for example, visual aids are used to improve communication, social stories interventions are used to teach appropriate social behaviour, and medication is used to ameliorate specific symptoms like aggression. Dietary intervention as a tool for maintaining and improving physical health and wellbeing for ASD is a widely researched and discussed topic. Studies have depicted that there is a link between diet, gut epithelial changes and altered immune response in the spectrum disorders exhibited by children with Autism. A gluten-free casein-free diet is also known as the GFCF diet. It is one of several alternative treatments for children with autism. When following this strict elimination diet, all foods containing and casein are removed from the child's daily food intake. Foods that contained proteins such as gluten and casein causes hypersensitivity to children with ASD. The children cannot digest these proteins properly. This result to increase the level of urinary small peptides. These peptides bind to opioid receptors and become biologically active, which results excess of opioid and leads to an increase of the behavioural difficulties seen in the children. Dietary interventions with the exclusion of gluten, casein or both is thought to have a positive effect on behavioural symptoms because of the elevated levels of peptides seen in the urinary analyses. Since the chemical structure of gluten and casein are very similar to each other, it is very likely that having a sensitivity to one of them means having a sensitivity to both, even though one could be worse than the other. This paper provide an overview of the gluten free casein free diet and its positive and negative results of Gluten free Casein free diet on the basis of reviewing case studies.

Studi Komparatif Tingkat Hiperaktif Pada Diet Gluten Free, Casein Free Anak Autis Di SLB Briliant Kota Batam

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that has certain characteristics. One of them is the diagnosis of autistic comorbidity, namely Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), nonpharmacological treatments are considered quite effective including dietary interventions. Hyperactive behavior in autistic children that has an impact in the form of difficulty in poor attention span to impulsiveness. Gluten free diet, casein free diet is recommended in the application of therapy in autistic people, this diet is one type of complementary therapy, which is carried out by regulating consumption patterns in autistic children. Objective: to determine the difference in the level of hyperactivity of autistic children between groups who apply gluten free, casein free diet with not applying gluten free, casein free diet. Method: comparative study by looking at the comparison between two groups with a total sampling technique of 20 people. Results: The level of hyperactivity in children on a gluten free diet, casein free as many as 9 (45%) respondents and 11 (55%) respondents did not do a gluten free diet, casein free obtained Mann Whitney U test results with a p-value of 0.027 where the p-value <0.05 or (0.027<0.05). Conclusion: Autistic children who apply a gluten free, casein free diet seem to have quite good attention than autistic children who do not apply a gluten free casein free diet. Suggestion: It is hoped that parents who have autistic children can adopt a gluten free diet, casein free as an alternative therapy.

The Effects of a Gluten-Free/Casein-Free Diet on Behavioral Indices in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Introduction: Autism is a neurological disorder that has seen an increase in prevalence in recent years. It is hypothesized that diet may influence mental health and improve the behavioral symptoms of autism. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of gluten-free and casein-free diets on children with autism. Data Sources: International databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Cochrane, and Science Direct were searched using keywords including Autism, Gluten-free, Casein, Diet, and Autistic Disorder, without any time restriction. Study Selection: Ultimately, 8 articles were selected for the final analysis. Data Extraction: The study revealed that gluten-free/casein-free (GF/CF) diets had a significantly positive effect on the behavior index of autistic children. In terms of the behavior index, the effect size was a standard mean difference (SMD) of -0.27 (P = 0.001) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of -0.424 to -0.116. A meta-analysis comparing intervention and control groups indicated that the GF/CF diet had an effect size of SMD = -0.27 (P = 0.001) with a 95% CI of -0.429 to -0.112 on the behavior index. Results: The results of these studies were synthesized using the fixed effects model of meta-analysis with STATA version 14. Conclusions: Given the positive impact of the GF/CF diet on improving the behavior of autistic children, this dietary approach can be considered as a means to enhance behavioral symptoms in these children.

Gluten-Free, Casein-Free Diet for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Case-Controlled Study.

Numerous therapeutic and dietary interventions have been examined in the last thirty years for pediatric patients diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Our interventional study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the gluten-free, casein-free (GFCF) diet in a cohort of Egyptian children with ASD. The present clinical trial was conducted as a prospective 12-month, open-label, case-controlled interventional study. Thirty-six ASD children who were newly diagnosed and had not taken any prior psychiatric or rehabilitation therapy were included in this study. The patients were randomly assigned into two groups: group A, which received the GFCF diet, and group B, which served as the control group and was not restricted to food containing gluten and casein for 12 months. All patients were followed up for 1 year. Following the implementation of the GFCF diet in group A, significant improvements in CARS scores were observed compared to group B after 6-month and 1-year follow-up periods. The introduction of the GFCF diet could be helpful and promising for autistic children. Conclusive evidence regarding the effectiveness of the GFCF diet remains a subject of controversy. Nonetheless, our study contributes some evidence supporting its potential benefits for children with ASD. It is recommended that future research on the GFCF diet employ a more sophisticated research design, incorporating a consistent baseline measure that can effectively assess the therapeutic effects of these interventions for individuals with ASD.

Pengenalan Sayur dan Buah untuk Anak Autis berbasis Multimedia Augmented Reality

Autism is a neurobiological developmental disorder that affects the social, communication, and interaction abilities of children. Difficulty accepting and interacting with healthy foods, such as vegetables and fruits, is a common challenge for children with autism. To address this challenge, researchers propose the use of augmented reality (AR) technology as an interactive and enjoyable method to introduce vegetables and fruits to children with autism. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of using AR in increasing the interest and acceptance of vegetables and fruits in children with autism by suggesting the use of augmented reality technology and applying the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) technique. The PECS method is a communication training technique that uses pictures or symbols to assist children with autism in communication. This application is designed using the Unified Modelling Language (UML) tools. Testing of this application is conducted through alpha and beta testing. The results of alpha testing using black box testing conclude that the application runs smoothly without any functionality issues. The results of beta testing, with an average of 82.50%, suggest that the use of the PECS method and AR technology can enhance communication skills and motivation in introducing vegetables and fruits and can help children with autism follow a gluten-free casein-free (GFCF) diet to reduce the symptoms experienced by children with autism.

Effect of Gluten Free Casein Free Diet on Maladaptive Behavior in Autistic Children: Meta-Analysis

Background: Children with Autism tend to experience gastrointestinal disorders more often. Interactions between the gut and brain microbiome influence mood and behavior in health and disease. Diet therapy, specifically the gluten and case-free diet (GFCF) is an elimination diet that involves removing certain proteins from the normal diet, such as gluten and casein. The right intervention can change behavior for the better and through the right handling. This study aims to estimate the effect of a case-free gluten-free diet on maladaptive behavior in autistic children, through a meta-analysis of primary studies conducted by previous authors. Subjects and Method: This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis with the following PICO, population: Autism children, intervention: gluten-free case-free diet, comparison: no case-free gluten-free diet, outcome: maladaptive behavior. The articles used in this study were obtained from three databases, namely PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct, using the search key “Diet Gluten Free Casein Free” OR “NonDiet Gluten Free Casein Free” OR “GFCF” AND “Autism” OR “Autism” AND “Maladaptive” AND “Randomize Controlled Trial” OR “RCT”. The included article is a full-text Randomized Controlled Trial study designed from 2002 to 2022 and reports the mean and SD in multivariate analysis. The selection of articles is done using PRISMA flow diagrams. Articles were analyzed using the Review Manager 5.4 application. Results: A total of 7 randomized controlled trial studies conducted in the Americas, Europe, and Asia were selected for meta-analysis. Autistic children who received casein-free gluten-free had an average score of 0.11 units of maladaptive behavior lower than those who were not given a diet (SMD= 0.11 95% CI= .035 to 0.13; p= 0.360). Conclusion: The casein-free gluten-free diet has an effect on reducing the risk of maladaptive behavior in children with autism. Keywords: casein free gluten-free diet, gfcf, maladaptive behavior, autism Correspondence: Ruliany Yuni Nurul Hakim. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: Ruliany27@gmail.com. Ponsel +6282124886320. Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2023), 08(03): 286294

A narrative review on manifestations of gluten free casein free diet in autism and autism spectrum disorders.

Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are specific neurological disorders that affect the brain, frequently characterised by challenging paediatric behaviour. The current narrative review using PubMed and Google Scholar was conducted in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis Protocols, and comprised randomised controlled trials and clinical control trials with gluten-free, casein-free (GFCF) diets published till 2020. Of the 80 studies selected, 7(8.75%) were included in the review. It was observed that the gluten-free, casein-free diet was safe with therapeutic benefits in autistic children. Therefore, a tailored dietary approach can be a beneficial management regimen. The trials related to utility of gluten-free, casein-free diet among autistic children are sparse, with limited sampling size, and indication of bias in the findings. Therefore, larger cohort studies on gluten-free, casein-free trials are required to provide further insight into the therapeutic benefits of the diet.

Analysis of the Altilis Cookies Startup Business Method Using the Canvas Model as a Business Development Effort to Provide Gluten and Casein Free Snacks for Autistic Children

Culinary advancement is increasing year after year. This development is consistent with the rise of pioneering culinary businesses. This culinary development occurs not only in general but also in the development of special foods for autism. Altilis cookies is a startup that sells GFCF (Gluten Free Casein Free) snacks made with breadfruit flour as the main ingredient. Altilis cookies , as a new company, requires a helpful business model analysis to serve as a benchmark for future growth. Using a business approach, the canvas model can build and develop a business that can be created, given, and doubled in value by utilizing the nine existing blocks (Narto, 2017:105). The research method used in this journal is quantitative descriptive. Primary and secondary sources are used to collect data. The purposive sampling method is used to determine informants, which is the technique of deciding informants based on the subjective considerations of researchers (Sugiyono, 2012). The application of this canvas business model is intended to facilitate the business development process because it contains elements with attachments, which are, of course, critical for business progress.

Business Analysis of Puff Pastry Dough as a Gluten-free Casein-free Diet based on MOCAF Flour and Moringa Leaves for Autism Children

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has a digestive disorder called intestinal mucosal hypermeability, it happens because autism children cannot digest foods that contain gluten and casein, this problem can be overcome by implementing the GFCF (gluten-free casein-free) diet. The purpose of this study was to analyze the dream pastry business opportunity, which is a sheet-shaped puff pastry dough applying GFCF diet therapy. This puff pastry dough is in the shape of a sheet so that it is easy to make creation foods according to the autism children’s favorites. Dream Pastry product design is made from MOCAF flour as a source of gluten-free carbohydrates. It combined with Moringa leaf powder as a natural colorant. Dream Pastry's product development analysis consists of developing product concepts and developing business opportunities. The product concept development consists of processing MOCAF, Moringa leaves to the MOCAF-Moringa combination. Meanwhile, business opportunity analysis uses open a business straight in demand and the analysis of STP (Segmenting, Targeting, Positioning). The analysis were carried out using Market Sizing, while the market potential prediction used TAM (Total Available Market) of autism children recorded in Indonesia as many as 16,987 students. Then, for the SAM (Served Available Market), the author chose East Java as the initial market niche for product distribution. Also, the prediction of sales in the first month called SOM (Share of Market) as many as 106 boxes.

Analysis of Gluten Free Casein Free Compliance (GFCF) Diet in Terms of the Incidence of Gastroenteritis in Children with Autism Spectrum Using Rank Spearman Test

one problem that is often experienced by people with autism is the provision of food and proper nutrition in children with autism. Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at risk of having a digestive tract disorder (gastroentritis), they are at a greater risk diarrhea.The last few years autistic sufferers in Indonesia have increased, around 12,800 children. Autistic children have a high chance of experiencing gastroentritis, if not treated seriously it will cause dehydration even to death. Therefore, this study was to analyze the relationship of adherence to a gluten free casein free diet with the incidence of gastroenteritis on autistic children. events was performed using the management of a sick toddler. The results of the study after Rank Spearman statistical test ρ= 0.034 <α=0.05 indicates that there is a relationship between the compliance of the gluten free casein free diet and the incidence of gastroenteritis on autistic children. Compliance with gluten free casein free diets makes improvements to the digestive system in autistic children.

The Impact of Psychoeducation on Healthy Diet in Children with ASD during the Covid-19 Pandemic

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Covid-19 has created new habits in society, including for parents of children on the autistic spectrum. Parents become less confident in food that is processed outside the home, however Gluten Free Casein Free (GFCF) food ingredients which can be beneficial for children on the autistic spectrum, can be acquired and prepared at home. This research is an experimental study using One Group Pre-Test Post-Test and sample selection of purposive sampling technique. There were 3 people who consented to be the subject of this study. The instrument used was the comprehension instrument which consisted of 3 aspects: cognitive, affective, and psychomotor. There was also a control table for the application of the healthy diet to children to validate the consistency of parents in adopting a healthy diet after receiving psychoeducation. The analysis technique used the Mann-Whitney with the results showing a significance of 0.046 (p &lt;0.05), which means that there is a different in the score between the pre-test and post-test results in the subject group. The results show that a GFCF diet education improves parental understanding of the healthy diet of Children with ASD.&#x0D; Keywords: parents of children with autism spectrum disorder, psychoeducation, understanding healthy diet&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

Description of Parents’ Knowledge, Gluten Free Casein Free (GFCF) Intake Frequency and Autism Children Behavior in Palembang

Autism is a representation, a general characterized by "a bunch of failure" to describe and categorize individuals behavior describing failures in social relationships, communication, and imagination ability. To develop ability on children with autism to be close to normal, diagnosis methods through early, integrated and intensive treatment were used. One type of therapy for children with autism is through food or the so-called Gluten Free Casein Free (GFCF) diet therapy. The type of this research was descriptive with cross sectional design. The population in the study were all students with autism who were still active following treatment with a sample of 36 people who were taken by using purposive sampling. Results showed that mostly there are 80.6% parents who have knowledge, 55.6% samples never eat foods containing gluten, 50% samples never eat foods containing casein, 77.8% samples have a good energy intake, 100% samples have good protein intake, and 80.6% samples have mild autistic behavior. From the results of the study, it is expected that the parents can increase knowledge about the GFCF diet in order to improve their diet and reduce behavior disorders in autism children.

Influence of a Gluten-free, Casein-free Diet on Behavioral Disturbances in Children and Adolescents Diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A 3-month Follow-up Pilot Study

ABSTRACT Introduction: Diet and dietary interventions have drawn considerable attention in the literature as etiopathogenic factors and therapeutic approaches to Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), respectively. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of a gluten-free, casein-free (GFCF) diet on the alterations of behavior in children and adolescents diagnosed with ASD. We also aim to explore the possible association between ASD symptoms and urinary concentrations of beta-casomorphin. Methods: A total of 28 patients were recruited for this crossover clinical trial. Patients followed a normal diet (including gluten and casein) for three months and a GFCF diet for another three months. The order of the intervention —i.e., beginning with normal diet or with GFCF diet— was determined at random. The subjects were evaluated at three time points: at the onset of the study, after the first diet, and after the second diet. Each evaluation entailed three questionnaires on behavior and autism, a food frequency questionnaire (to determine adherence to the diet) and a determination of concentrations of beta-casomorphin in urine using chromatographic techniques. Results: No significant behavioral changes were found after a GFCF diet. No association was found between ASD symptoms and urinary concentrations of beta-casomorphin. Conclusion: A GFCF diet followed for three months do neither show significant changes in behavioral symptoms of autism nor in urine concentrations of beta-casomorphin using chromatographic detection. However, we need further studies including elements of placebo and double-blindness and more sophisticated beta-casomorphin detection techniques to better define subjects who might benefit from these diets.

Knowledge and Perception of Parents Towards Diet in Children With Autism

Gluten Free Casein Free (GFCF) is a diet recommendation to reduce hyperactivity in children with autism. Lack of adherence and knowledge can lead to improper dietary application which will result in remaining health problems and hyperactive behavior of autistic children. The purpose of this study is to examine knowledge and perception of parents towards GFCF diet in children with autism. This descriptive-quantitative study used a total sampling technique to 57 parents of autistic children in 3 Bandung District Extraordinary Schools. Data was obtained through questionnaire with validity ranging from 0.315-0.912 and reliability of 0.788 and 0.932. Data was analyzed using frequency and percentage in descriptive statistics. Results showed that some parents lacked of knowledge (n = 28), and 67% of subjects (n = 38) had a positive perception of GFCF diet. Positive perception includes perception of benefits, perception of susceptibility, perception of self efficacy, and perception of severity. In the perception of barrier, some subjects had negative perception. Based on the results, several parents had positive perception of GFCF diet, although the parental knowledge related to this diet was in the low category. That is likely because of parents have not received sufficient information related to GFCF diet. Therefore, health workers especially community nurses are expected to collaborate with nutritionists in making regular visits in order to provide parents of autistic children with health education related to GFCF diet in extraordinary schools.

Use of GFCF Diets in Children with ASD. An Investigation into Parents\u2019 Beliefs Using the Theory of Planned Behaviour

Gluten free/Casein free (GFCF) diets are one of the most common types of Complementary and Alternative Medicines (CAM) used in Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) despite little evidence to support positive effects. There has been no theory driven literature that has investigated parent’s reasons for their use. The Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) was used to examine parent’s intentions to use GFCF diets for their child with an ASD. Treatment and causal beliefs were also examined. Parents (n = 33, children aged 3–17 years) were influenced by anticipated regret, positive outcomes and attitude. Future interventions should provide information to parents and health professionals about the possible causes of ASD and therapy options which are in line with current recommendations.

Literature Review: The Effects of a Gluten and Casein Free Diet on Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

This literature review examines various research articles to survey knowledge and identify existing problems in the study of a Gluten Free Casein Free diet on Autism Spectrum Disorder. It provides a survey of knowledge and a problem identification regarding the methodology of the articles. This manuscript identifies five diverse methods: Placed on Diet, Observations, Questionnaires, Medical Tests, and Psychometric Tests. The conclusion of this review addresses the problems with this field of study. Furthermore, it addresses the limitations of the small sample sizes, and potential problems with the methods used.

PERBANDINGAN MOCAF DENGAN TEPUNG KACANG MERAH DALAM PEMBUATAN BROWNIES KUKUS GLUTEN FREE CASEIN FREE (GFCF)

The purpose of this study is to know the effect of ratio between mocaf and red bean flour on the characteristics of steamed brownies Gluten Free Casein Free (GFCF) and to know the right ratio between mocaf and red bean flour to produce the best characteristic GFCF brownies. This study used a Randomized Block Design with one treatment factor. The ratio of mocaf and red bean flour (100%: 0%, 90%:10%, 80%:20%, 70%:30%, 60%:40% and 50%: 50%). The treatment was repeated three times to produce 18 experimental units. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and continued by Duncan test. The results showed that treatment with 60% mocaf and 40% red bean flour produced gluten free casein free steamed brownies with water content of 26.60%, ash content of 2.45%, protein content of 5.82%, fat content 22.88%, carbohydrate content 42.23%, crude fiber content of 8.11% with rather liked of color, rather liked of texture, liked taste, rather liked of aroma and liked overall reception.

Gambaran Asupan Gluten dan Kasein pada Anak Penderita Autis

One of diet therapies for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is Gluten Free Casein Free (GFCF). Gluten and casein can increase behaviour disorder to autism. The aim of this research is to know the image of gluten and casein intake to autism. The design of this research is cross sectional with descriptive type. The identity data was gotten by interview using FFQ method. The result shows that as many as 47,4% (9 persons) autism has frequency of high gluten intake thos are 3 times per week, once per day, &gt; once per day and 52,6% (10 persons) has frequency low gluten intake those are never and 1-2 times per week. As many as 42,1% (8 persons) autism has frequency high casein intake those are 3 times per week, once per day and &gt; once per day and 57,9% (11 persons) has frequency low casein those are never 1-2 times per week. As many as 53,6% (10 persons) autism has frequency foods that contain high gluten casein intake those are 3 times per week, once per day, &gt; once per day and 57,9% (11 persons) has frequency foods that contain low gluten casein intake those are never and 1-2 times per week. This research only limits on intake images, so it needs a detail research about the relationship or the influence gluten and casein intake to behaviour disorder of autism.

Gluten free casein free diet as complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) treatment for children’s with autism spectrum disorders (ASD)

Gluten free casein free diet as complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) treatment for children’s with autism spectrum disorders (ASD)