Gluteal Fold Research Articles

Prediction Model for Sciatic Nerve Procedures: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Objectives: We aimed to create a predictive model to estimate sciatic nerve depth using anthropometric and demographic data to enhance safety and precession in needle-based interventions. Setting: The study was conducted at Universidad Europea de Madrid, Spain. Methods: A Cross-sectional observational study was carried out between January and April 2024. The study included fifty volunteers aged 18-45 years, without any muscle tone affections, lower limb asymmetries, or history of lower limb surgeries. Demographic and anthropometric data were collected, including sex, age, height, weight, BMI, and leg length measure and thigh circumference at specific points. The sciatic nerve depth was measured using ultrasound imaging under the gluteal fold and in the posterior middle third of the thigh. Results: Correlation analysis revealed significant associations between thigh circumference at the proximal and middle third and sciatic nerve depth. A multiple linear regression model identified that the proximal thigh circumference was a significant predictor of sciatic nerve depth, explaining 44.5% of the variance. The variance increased to 49.7% when gender was added. The depth of the sciatic nerve in the middle third explained 38.2% of the variance. And the inclusion of gender in the model explained 40.8% of the variance for the middle third. Conclusions: This study identify significant predictors such as the thigh girth at the proximal and mid-third levels, gender, and the BMI. These findings suggest that clinicians can use these anthropometric measurements to estimate sciatic nerve depth more accurately, reducing the risk of accidental nerve injury and improve the precision and safety of needling procedures during invasive procedures.

ASSOCIATION OF RISK FACTORS WITH THE INCIDENCE OF LUMBAR PAIN SYNDROME IN PHYSIOTHERAPISTS AT THE CLINIC FOR PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION

Introduction: Lumbar pain syndrome encompasses various entities manifested by pain, muscle tension, or discomfort between the lower rib arch and the lower gluteal fold, with or without radiation to the leg.Aim: To examine the association of existing risk factors with the incidence of lumbar pain syndrome in physiotherapists.Subjects and Methods: The research was designed as a cross-sectional study and conducted at the Clinic for Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Clinical Hospital Mostar. The study included physiotherapists of both genders and all age groups who did not have a previous history of spinal disease and had more than one year of work experience. Data were collected through anonymous surveys, and the modified Nordic Questionnaire for musculoskeletal symptom analysis was used as the research instrument. This questionnaire consists of four parts: socio-demographic data, healthcare provision, lower back pain, and job satisfaction.Results: The prevalence of lumbar pain in the last 12 months was around 94.0%. The study involved 56 participants, most of whom were female, with the majority being in the 31-40 age group with higher education. Males were slightly overweight, and the duration of lumbar pain was associated with the gender of the participants.Conclusion: Participants who lifted heavier loads experienced significantly more lumbar spine pain, while the duration of work experience was not significantly associated with the incidence of lumbar pain syndrome. Keywords: lower back pain, risk factors, physical activity, daily life activities, physiotherapists

An Interesting Case of Cushing Syndrome

An Interesting Case of Cushing Syndrome A 36 year old female presented to dermatology department with Multiple ulcers present in B/L axilla, B/L inframammary fold and B/L gluteal fold (Left > Right) since 3 months. Patient was referred from dermatology department to General Medicine for opinion on puffiness of face and swelling of legs . Patient had history of topical steroid use for itchy lesions in B/L axilla and inframammary folds 4 months back . H/o weight gain present. (6 kg). H/o puffiness of face and striae present over the abdomen. Patient had no known comorbidities previously. On physical examination patient had moon face ,facial plethora + ,Buffalo hump ,Loss of axillary hair, centripetal obesity , Abdominal striae , Sparse pubic hair , Pallor +. Systemic examination was normal. Investigations revealed new onset diabetes , serum cortisol was low (<0.5 mcg/ml) , serum acth was low (1pg/ml) , HB was low (7.9gm/dl) , total count was elevated (15,600) . Patient was diagnosed to have Iatrogenic (Topical steroid induced) Cushing Syndrome with Steroid induced atrophy and ulceration of skin & subcutaneous tissue leading to secondary fungal and bacterial infection , tinea incognito with secondary bacterial infection , iron deficiency anemia and newly detected Type 2 Diabetes mellitus. Patient was appropiately treated with iv antibiotics (Inj Piperacillin Tazobactum 4.5 g iv thrice daily), daily dressing on other supportive measures along with discontinuation of steroids. Patient improved symptomatically after discontinuing topical steroids, the cushingoid features started decreasing. The ulcers also started to heal. The patient was started on Tab. Hydrocortisone 10mg - 0 – 5mg and was referred for Endocrinologist opinion

Prevalence of low back pain in handcrafters

Background: Low back pain is a musculoskeletal disorder caused by incorrect ergonomic conditions at work. It is located at the inferior gluteal fold and the coastal border and lasts more than 24 hours. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of low back pain complaints in handcrafters. Methods: This research used an observational analytic design with a cross-sectional approach. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. The inclusion criteria for this study were handcrafters of serati banten aged 45-55. In contrast, the exclusion criteria were injuries in the lower back region. The total number of respondents who participated in this study was 50 people. The research location was in Gianyar, Bali. Data was collected from January to October 2023. Data were collected by measuring VAS and REBA. VAS measured the severity and relief of pain, while the REBA questionnaire analyzed work posture. Results: The results of research regarding the prevalence of low back pain in handcrafters of serati banten in Gianyar Regency based on internal factors showed the majority experienced low back pain of mild intensity (60%), and external factors showed that the majority of pain incidents occurred in respondents with a working period of >5 years (52%), working in a sitting position (56%) with moderate risk working postures (64%). Conclusion: The frequency of low back pain occurrences due to external factors was dominated by respondents with less than five years of working experience who worked in a sitting position with a medium-risk work posture.

Description of JA Medical Skincare Medan Beautician’s Low Back Pain Based on Duration of Work

Introduction: Low Back Pain (LBP) is defined as pain and discomfort located below the costal margin to the inferior gluteal fold, with or without pain in the legs. LBP is a common condition that can occur in all age groups with acute or chronic episodes. Beauticians are more susceptible to musculoskeletal disorders. This line of work tends to involve limited positions, repetitive movements, standing for more than 8 hours or sitting in a bent position during activities. This study aims to determine the characteristics of low back pain based on work duration among beauticians of the JA Medical Skincare beauty clinic Medan. Method: The method used in this research was descriptive quantitative with a total sampling technique. The research population was 60 beauticians from the JA Medical Skincare Beauty Clinic Medan. The data were collected by having the respondents fill out a questionnaire. Results: The research results revealed that beauticians at the JA Medical Skincare beauty clinic who were at risk of experiencing low back pain were individuals aged under 30 years (51.8%), those with BMI > 27 or categorized as obese (60%), and those with a working duration of more than 8 hours (49,1%). These groups exhibited higher percentages of complaints related to low back pain. In general, almost all ages have the potential to experience low back pain. Beauticians who work long hours and do not pay attention to ergonomic factors would have caused continuous static loads on their back and are at risk of experiencing complaints of low back pain. Keywords: Beautician; Duration of work; Low back pain

Prevalence of Disability in Chronic Non-Specific Low Back Pain Patients

Background: Lower back pain (LBP) is the most frequent medical condition requiring rehabilitation in most countries, and it is also the most common medical issue among individuals with disabilities. Numerous illnesses, such as nephrolithiasis, endometriosis, tumors, fibromyalgia, and psychological disorders, can induce back pain that is not related to the spine. Objective: To determine the disability prevalence among patients with chronic non-specific low back pain Materials and Methods: The cross sectional observational study was conducted in the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Dhaka Medical College & Hospital, Dhaka. Total 103 cases diagnosed individuals with chronic non-specific low back pain after fulfilling enrollment criteria was enrolled in this study. Question about sex life (ODI-8) was asked at the end of the interview. Disability refers to impairment, activity limitation and participation restrictions that may occur with a health condition. Low back pain was defined as pain and discomfort, localized below the costal margin and above the inferior gluteal folds with or without referred leg pain. Statistical analyses were carried out by using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23.0 for Windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA). Results: Prevalence of the disability more than half (52.4%) of the patients had severe disability, 27(26.2%) had moderate, 14(13.6%) had crippled and 8(7.8%) had minimal disability. Conclusion: The prevalence of severe disability in Chronic Non-Specific Low Back Pain was 52.4%. The duration and severity of pain are significantly correlated with impairment.

B-ultrasound-assisted gluteal fat grafting in Asians: A prospective study of quantitative results from three-dimensional imaging and B-ultrasound analysis

BackgroundThe increasing number of fatalities caused by gluteal fat grafting is concerning; thus, there is a need to determine ways to obtain the ideal aesthetic effect while ensuring a safe operation. In this study, three-dimensional (3D) measurements combined with B-ultrasound were used to evaluate the effect of gluteal fat augmentation in Asians, whose safety and effectiveness were confirmed using quantitative data. MethodsThirty-five consecutive female patients were evaluated in this prospective clinical study. All patients underwent B-ultrasound-assisted gluteal fat augmentation on the subcutaneous plane alone. 3D imaging and B-ultrasound analysis of the adipose tissue thickness in the gluteal region were performed preoperatively and at 1 week, 3 months and 6 months post-operatively. ResultsThe waist circumference of the patients decreased, gluteal circumference and length of the gluteal crease increased and average waist-to-hip ratio improved from 0.78 to 0.74. At 3 months and 6 months post-operatively, the adipose tissue thickness decreased by 5.1% and 15.1%, respectively. The fat retention rates calculated using 3D imaging measurements at 3 months and 6 months post-operatively were 77.9% and 64.7%, respectively. According to the BODY-Q scale scores, patients reported a high level of satisfaction post-operatively. ConclusionsB-ultrasound guidance can effectively prevent the occurrence of fatal fat embolism during gluteal fat grafting and maximise the augmentation effect. The quantitative data obtained using 3D measurements and B-ultrasound confirmed the safety and effectiveness of fat injections for gluteal augmentation under B-ultrasound guidance.

The outcome of early screening and treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip in infants and toddlers in the Northern Guizhou region.

This study is an observation of the early screening and treatment effect of infant developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in an area in China. From January 2016 to December 2017, we selected infants and toddlers with high-risk factors for DDH, such as asymmetric gluteal folds, unequal length of lower limbs, and limited hip joint abduction, who visited the Department of Child Health Care and the Outpatient Clinic of Pediatric Orthopedics at the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University. In total, 1485 cases were divided into age groups, examined using Graf ultrasound and X-ray, and the results were analyzed. Meanwhile, early interventions were actively adopted for cases with abnormalities during the screening. The detection rates of DDH were 24.0%, 2.8%, 9.3%, and 12.2% among those with 0 to 6 months, 7 to 12 months, 13 to 18 months, and 19 to 24 months of age, respectively. Early and individualized corrective conservative treatment was considered for children with abnormalities, and the cure rates were 87.0%, 65.7%, 41.0%, and 16.7% among those with 0 to 6 months, 7 to 12 months, 13 to 18 months, and 19 to 24 months of age, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in the detection and cure rates of DDH in infants and toddlers of different ages (P < .01).

Attributes of Low Back pain among Physical Therapists and Nurses in Pakistan

Low back pain is localized between the region of the 12th rib and less to the gluteal folds either radiating or not radiating to the lower limb. The prevalence of low back pain in Pakistan is about 41.4 percent. But all over the world, the Physical therapist's rate of work-related musculoskeletal problems is about 57 percent. Objective: To determine the attributes of low back pain among physical therapists and nurses in Pakistan. Methods: A cross-sectional study was done from August 2023 to January 2024, throughout Pakistan. A sample size of 661 was divided into two groups. The sampling technique was non-probability purposive sampling. There were two measurement tools used Visual Analog Scale and the Oswestry Disability Index scale to rule out pain and the level of disability. The data were analyzed through SPSS version 23.0 software. Results: The total number of participants was 661, of which 247 were physical therapists and 414 were nurses recruited from all over Pakistan. The pain was measured through the VAS and disability was measured by ODI. The Physical therapists felt mild pain in about 123(49.79%), and they faced no disability in about 127(51.41%) and nurses felt moderate pain in about 212(51.20%) and they have not faced disability in about 306(73.91%). Conclusions: Our study concluded the prevalence of low back pain is found in both nurses and physical therapists but the level of pain is higher in nurses as compared to a physical therapist due to the lack of ergonomics knowledge among the nurse population.

MANAJEMEN PENDEKATAN FISIOTERAPI DENGAN TERAPI LATIHAN DAN POSTURAL CORRECTION TERHADAP NYERI MUSKULOSKELETAL LOW BACK PAIN SELAMA KEHAMILAN

Low back pain (LBP) is a common musculoskeletal problem during pregnancy with an estimated prevalence of 30% -78% of pregnant women experiencing complaints in the form of low back pain at some point in their pregnancy. This type of LBP can occur in the pelvic bones between the posterior iliac crest, gluteal folds or in the lumbar spine area. In this case the pain usually spreads to the buttocks, legs and feet. This is due to hormonal changes, blood circulation and biomechanical changes. low back pain usually increases with increasing gestational age, interfering with work, every activity and sleep so that it has an impact on the quality of life of pregnant women. This research aims to determine the effect of providing exercise and postural correction on the condition of low back pain during pregnancy. Method: this research uses quasie experimental with a pre and post test research design without control group design, the population in this study were all pregnant women who were experiencing low back pain who received physiotherapy services in the form of providing exercise and postural correction totaling 15 clients. Results: based on paired sample tests in the group treatment obtained a value of P = 0.001 (P&lt;0.05) with a mean value of 5.27 ± 2.07, meaning that there were significant differences in results before and after the intervention of providing exercise and postural correction. Conclusion: there was a decrease in the VDS (verbal descriptive scale) value in low back pain conditions by providing exercise and postural correction interventions. This can be seen from the difference between the results before and after the intervention, which means that the exercise and postural correction interventions significantly have a very good effect in reducing pain scores in low back pain conditions during pregnancy

Effect of Strain Counterstrain Technique and Core Strengthening Exercises on Pain and Functional Status among Middle Aged People with Chronic Low Back Pain

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is characterized as “pain along the posterior portion of the body from the lowerborder of the twelfth rib to the lower gluteal folds. A technique called strain counterstrain method is used to treatmusculoskeletal pain. Core strengthening exercises can also lead to significant improvements in pain reductionand functional status. The goal of this study is to find the effectiveness of strain counterstrain technique and corestrengthening exercises in treating low back pain.Methods: Total of 100 participants were chosen from Capital hospital, Vijayawada by convenient sampling,During study period from September 2022 to July 2023. A written consent form was obtained from them. Afterobtaining pre-test of VAS and Oswestry disability questionnaire the patients were categorised randomly into twogroups. GROUP A received Strain counterstrain technique alone and GROUP B received Strain counterstraintechnique with core strengthening exercises.Result: A statistically significant difference was found between GROUP A and GROUP B as well as within thegroup, according to the statistical analysis performed on the quantitative data.Conclusion: The findings of the present study demonstrate improvements in both Strain counterstrain techniqueand core strengthening exercises among middle aged people with chronic low back pain. However, (GROUP B)shows an extremely significant improvement compared to (GROUP A).

Effects of strength training program in the treatment of chronic non-specific low back pain

Low back pain is defined as any pain that occurs between the last costal arch and the lower gluteal fold, and may have different intensities and durations, being considered chronic if it lasts for more than 12 weeks, becoming non-specific if its cause is not identified, compromising the quality of life of affected individuals. Currently, Strength Training (TF) has been included in the treatment of chronic non-specific low back pain, in order to improve the condition of people suffering from this condition. Thus, the objective of this research was to verify the impact of PT on the treatment of low back pain, highlighting the main aspects based on the inclusion of this practice in everyday life, showing the benefits arising from this method. For the present study, a review of scientific articles was carried out using the PubMed, Scielo and Google Scholar databases to complement information on low back pain and PD. Several evidences were found that positively contribute to the improvement of low back pain with the use of PT in pain conditions, increased functional capacity, improvement in activities of daily living (ADL), gain in muscular resistance, strength and hypertrophy, in addition to individuals showing themselves more active. It is concluded that TF proved to be effective in the treatment of non-specific chronic low back pain, improving its symptoms such as pain and disability, however, if applied by an unqualified professional and incorrectly, it can be harmful to health.

The profunda artery perforators: Anatomical study and radiological findings using computed tomography angiography in patients undergoing PAP flap breast reconstruction

The popularity of the profunda femoris artery perforator (PAP) flap is increasing; however, knowledge concerning the standardization of radiological findings and their clinical implications is limited. We evaluated the radiological architecture of posterior thigh perforators using Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA) to identify landmarks to facilitate flap dissection. A retrospective study was conducted on 35 patients who underwent unilateral breast reconstruction with a PAP flap. The preoperative CTA scans were analyzed, and the perforator characteristics were evaluated. The perforators were mapped using a Cartesian coordinate system. Data were normalized by anatomical landmarks and overlapped. Perioperative and postoperative results were analyzed. Radiological and intraoperative were compared. Two CTA scans were excluded; 66 thighs were examined. The mean perforator number was 3.2. The mean diameter of chosen perforators was 2.7mm (DS±0.6mm) at the origin, 2.2mm (DS±0.4mm) at the adductor space midpoint, and 1.7mm (DS±0.3mm) at the deep fascia. The mean adipose tissue thickness was 3.35cm (DS±0.94) at the deep fascia and 3.59cm (DS±1.19) at the adductor space midpoint. Intraoperatively, the perforator was located 3.22cm (DS±0.87) from the posterior border of the gracilis muscle and 8.98cm (DS±1.44) from the inferior gluteal crease. A radiological area located 9.33cm (DS±4.81) from the y-axis and 7.48cm (DS±1.88) from the x-axis was identified. CTA using the volume-rendering technique is a valuable method to study in vivo the radiological anatomy of the posterior thigh perforators.

GENDER DIFFERENCE IN FUNCTIONAL DISABILITY AMONG PATIENT WITH NON-SPECIFIC CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN

Background of the Study: LBP is a common condition that can be specific or non-specific. Non-specific LBP, which has no known cause, is responsible for 90% of cases and causes pain in the back from the 12th rib to the inferior gluteal folds. Methodology: The study utilized a cross-sectional design in which both males and females completed the Oswestry low back questionnaire. The data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 21. Results: 85 patients participated in the study with a mean age of 38±9.603. Pain levels varied among patients, with 23 reporting no pain, 29 with light pain, 23 with moderate pain, and 10 with pretty severe pain. Patients had varying degrees of self-care ability with 13 able to care for themselves without triggering pain and 4 requiring daily assistance. Most patients (75 out of 85) had minor disabilities, while 10 had moderate disabilities. The relationship between the ODI score and the question was found to be similar. Conclusion: The data suggest that individuals with non-specific chronic low back pain have only a limited impairment, and only a few suffer from moderate sickness that affects their social lives. Non-specific persistent low back pain is not connected with gender differences in functional impairment. Keywords: Functional disability, non-specific, sex factor, quality of life, gender identity, low back pain.

Evidence of Disability and Quality of Life-related Outcome Measures in Postpartum Women with Pelvic Girdle Pain: A Literature Review

Introduction: Pelvic girdle pain is a common musculoskeletal complaint in pregnant or postpartum women. This pain is experienced between the posterior iliac crest and the gluteal fold. Various assessment tools are used for assessing Disability and Quality of life in postpartum women with pelvic girdle pain. Aim: To provide suggestions based on evidence, for the assessment tools used in postpartum women with pelvic girdle pain. Materials and Methods: In the present review, MEDLINE (via PubMed), Scopus, Google Scholar, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) were searched using Boolean operators to identify existing relevant studies from September 2023 to February 2024. The studies that assessed the measurement properties of tools used to measure outcomes relevant to populations experiencing Pelvic Girdle Pain (PGP) and/or Lumbar Pelvic Pain (LPP) were included. Results: The existing evidence suggested reliability of tools for Pelvic Girdle Questionnaire {Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC)=0.98} Oswestry Disability Index (0.94); Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (0.91); Disability Rating Index (ICC=0.90); Short Form-8 (ICC=0.85). Conclusion: All the instruments showed excellent reliability and the Pelvic Girdle Questionnaire (PGQ) is the most assessed instrument in the literature. It is suggested that PGQ can be utilised to assess disability in postpartum women with pelvic girdle pain and is the only condition-specific tool for pelvic girdle pain. By employing these assessment instruments in clinical setting would assist in diagnosing and monitoring prognosis during subsequent evaluations.

Reconstruction of a Chronic, Retracted Proximal Hamstring Rupture Using Achilles Tendon Allograft

Background: Chronic, retracted proximal hamstring ruptures are a challenging problem and can be a significant cause of pain and disability if left untreated. Allograft augmentation is a viable surgical option with good clinical outcomes. Indications: Indications are symptomatic patients with chronic hamstring ruptures unable to be primarily repaired. Patients typically present with pain, instability, or lack of push of strength. Technique Description: An L-shaped extensile incision is made at the level of the gluteal crease. The gluteus maximus is retracted proximally. The sciatic nerve is identified, neurolysed, and tagged. Following the release of adhesions of the native tendon and confirmation of the inability to complete a primary repair, the Achilles tendon allograft is prepared. The allograft is incorporated with the native tendon and the subsequent hamstring construct is fixed and reduced to the ischial tuberosity with suture anchors. After copious irrigation, the incision is closed with Monocryl and Dermabond (Johnson and Johnson) and a sterile dressing is applied. The patient is placed in a hip brace locked in extension. Results: In a study by Rust et al, examining 72 patients with proximal hamstring ruptures, patients who underwent allograft reconstruction reported activities of daily living and postoperative sports activity equal to those of chronic repair, and inferior to those of acute repair. However, there were no significant differences between groups for patient-reported outcomes among acute and chronic repairs and allograft reconstruction. Moreover, a systematic review, by Van Der Made et al, published in the American Journal of Sports Medicine, included 13 studies that found that Achilles allograft repair for delayed proximal hamstring repair results in outcomes comparable to acute primary repair. Discussion/Conclusion: Although the literature on chronic proximal hamstring repair is fairly limited, studies have shown that proximal hamstring repair with allograft augmentation can be favorable in symptomatic patients. Allograft augmentation for chronic, retracted proximal hamstring ruptures provides increased functional outcomes in comparison with nonoperative management. Patient Consent Disclosure Statement: The author(s) attests that consent has been obtained from any patient(s) appearing in this publication. If the individual may be identifiable, the author(s) has included a statement of release or other written form of approval from the patient(s) with this submission for publication.

The Effect of Ultrasound and Neuromuscular Taping Interventions on Reducing Pain in Non-Specific Low Back Pain Patients

Low back pain (LBP) is a musculoskeletal disorder caused by poor ergonomics. LBP is defined as pain localized between the costal margin and the inferior gluteal fold that lasts for more than one day. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Ultrasound and Neuromuscular Taping interventions on reducing non-specific low back pain. This study used a quasi-experimental method with a one-group pre-and post-test design, and the research sample was given Ultrasound and Neuromuscular Taping interventions. The pain measurement tool used was the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). The normality test was performed using the Shapiro-Wilk test, and the effect test was performed using the Wilcoxon test. The results of this study showed that the pre-and post-intervention mean VAS scores were 6.7±1.766 and 1.7±0.674, respectively. With a value of p = 0.005 (p &lt; 0.005), which indicates a significant difference between the VAS scores before and after Ultrasound and Neuromuscular Taping interventions. This value can be interpreted as evidence that the combination of these two interventions can reduce the degree of pain in non-specific low back pain conditions. In conclusion, the study found that there was a significant effect of Ultrasound and neuro-muscular taping (NMT) interventions on reducing pain in cases of non-specific low back pain.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERISTICS WITH SYMPTOMS OF LOWER BACK PAIN IN PUTRI DAFFA CONVECTION WORKERS IN DEPOK, 2023

Low back pain is a very common problem in people of all ages and is generally described as pain, muscle tension, or stiffness located below the costal margin and above the lower gluteal fold, with or without pain in the legs. This research is a descriptive analytical study using a cross-sectional approach. This research was conducted at the Putri Daffa Convection located in Limo District, Depok with a sample of 70 female employees of the Daffa Convection. The data collection tool uses a questionnaire. The results of the Chi-square test analysis and simple logistic regression on the variable length of work showed that there was no significant relationship between work experience and low back pain, there was no relationship between work experience and low back pain, there was a relationship between work posture and low back pain, and there was no The relationship between age and low back pain. From the results of this research, it is necessary to have ways to prevent low back pain and ways to reduce pain if low back pain occurs, namely daily back exercises, being careful when working, protecting your back when sitting and standing and staying active and living a healthy life.

The Relationship Between Work Length and Work Position with the Rate of Low Back Pain among Rice Farmers

Low back pain (LBP) is defined as pain that appears between the costal margin and inferior gluteal folds for more than one day, which can be accompanied by leg pain or numbness. Often, this pain is acute and radiates to the buttocks or thighs. LBP is caused by a farmer's poor body position when working, so it can affect performance and results. A working duration that is too long and exceeds the body's capacity can also increase the risk of LBP in farmers. This think about points to decide the relationship between over-the-top work term and non-ergonomic working positions in rice ranchers with lower back pain. The literature search process in this literature review uses three databases: Google Scholar, Scient Direct, and Pubmed, with a publication year range of 2017–2023. The search was carried out using several keywords in English and Indonesian. From all the search results, ten articles match the research criteria and can be continued to the analysis stage. The study's findings found a relationship between work term, work position, and the rate of LBP in farmers.

CORRELATION BETWEEN DURATION AND SITTING POSITION WITH THE INCIDENCE OF LOWER BACK PAIN DURING ONLINE LEARNING

Low back pain is a musculoskeletal disorder that is very common and has an impact on socioeconomic, individual, family, and community losses. Low back pain is choking between the 12th thoracic rib and the bottom of the gluteal fold, with or without pain radiating down the leg. Since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak hit Indonesia, learning that has been carried out in schools and university has become online learning where learning uses laptops or cell phones with internet facilities and in a prolonged sitting position. The condition of sitting for a long time is the most common posture performed during online learning, so it can cause discomfort and pain in the lower back. This study aimed to determine the correlation between duration and sitting position with the incidence of back pain during online learning. This study used a descriptive correlational method with a cross-sectional design. The sample in this study was 203 students of the Faculty of Nursing at Syiah Kuala University. The data collection technique used a valid and reliable Sitting Position Duration (DPD) questionnaire with a Cronbach's Alpha value of 0.729 and the Nordic Body Map (NBM) questionnaire to see low back pain. This study showed no significant relationship between sitting duration and back pain (p-value = 0.625), sitting duration, and buttock pain (p-value = 0.616). A significant relationship exists between sitting position and back pain (p-value = 0.002) and sitting position and buttock pain (p-value = 0.001). It was concluded that an unergonomic sitting position for a long time could cause low back pain