Glue Technique Research Articles

Morphology and fertility after re-anastomosis of the rabbit fallopian tube with fibrin glue.

Morphology and fertility were studied in 20 female New Zealand White rabbits after re-anastomosis of the Fallopian tube with fibrin glue and conventional microsurgical techniques. All oviducts were patent postoperatively. No intraperitoneal adhesions were observed. There were no significant differences with regard to the number of corpora lutea, implantations and the nidation index. Morphological studies demonstrated a normal fold pattern and ciliation at the side of anastomosis in the sealed oviducts as well as in the sutured oviducts. No intraluminal fibrin deposits were found. For re-anastomosis of the Fallopian tube with fibrin glue, splinting is necessary. In some instances this may be related to a mucosal trauma. However, under optimal conditions the use of fibrin glue is equivalent to conventional microsurgical anastomosis of the oviduct. For tubocornual, ampullary--ampullary and isthmic--ampullary anastomoses with luminal disparity, fibrin glue seems to be inappropriate.

Comparative Transoral Dural Closure Techniques: A Canine Model

A watertight dural closure is difficult to achieve after transoral-transclival operation for ventral intradural lesions at the craniocervical junction. These procedures have a high morbidity and mortality from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistula, meningitis, and abscess. We used a canine model to test three different techniques of dural closure after transoral intradural operation: primary suture closure, laser patch weld, and fibrin glue patch closures. The primary suture closure technique was inadequate. All eight leaked CSF at the time of operation, and five had radiographic leaks and were incompetent at autopsy. All seven of the laser closures leaked CSF at operation, yet only one was incompetent at autopsy. The fibrin glue technique was superior and provided a solid seal at operation, even with repeated Valsalva maneuvers to 40 mm Hg. The immediate and persistent seal at operation is clinically significant because it may prevent CSF leak, meningitis, and abscess formation in human patients after transoral surgery. Fibrin glue is excellent for repairing complex dural defects and merits evaluation in clinical trials.

Long-term pancreatic duct occlusion impairs the entero-insular axis in the dog—Failure of plasma VIP to respond as “incretin”

The response of VIP to either an oral glucose load (OGT) or intravenous glucose (IV glucose), aimed at reproducing the plasma glucose level after OGT, was studied in trained, conscious, sham-operated (Sham; n=6 ) dogs, and dogs having initially (12 months before the glucose experiments) undergone occlusion of the pancreatic duct by the prolamine glue technique (Occ; n=5 ). As a result, prior to glucose studies, the exocrine pancreas function was found subtotally reduced, as indirectly evaluated by the para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) test, but no signs of diabetes were detected. The two studies with glucose administration designed to demonstrate the release of insulin, VIP, somatostatin into plasma as modified by enteric signals (represented by the difference of plasma peptide concentration during OGT minus peptide concentration during IV glucose) revealed the following: (1) basal plasma glucose, insulin, VIP, somatostatin did not differ between Sham and Occ dogs; (2) after OGT in Occ dogs the plasma glucose was elevated, whereas plasma insulin was markedly reduced, and VIP, somatostatin were largely unchanged; (3) the integrated output of insulin only was impaired when considering the so-called entero-insulin axis, while integrated VIP, somatostatin were unaltered. It was concluded (a) the Occ procedure in the dog has the capacity to subtotal destruction of the pancreatic acinar tissue, and of the entero-insular axis of insulin, the latter through yet unknown pathways, (b) the Occ technique may be a useful tool for investigation of the nature of “incretin”, (c) VIP and somatostatin do not respond to elevated blood glucose and may have no role in the “incretin” concept of enteric modulation of the B-cell.

Beitrag zur Prüfung der Brandeigenschaften, insbesondere der Schwerentflammbarkeit, von Platten aus Holz und Holzwerkstoffen

With the help of the “Plattenschlot” method which is intended to be included into the German standard DIN 4102, comparative fire tests on wood and wood-base materials were carried out. The materials were partly unprotected and partly protected by fireretardant preservatives. The temperature of the air of combustion, the temperature of the shaft wall as well as the loss of weight were measured. The results, average values of three equal tests, were represented in diagrams and discussed. The curves resulting from graphic differentiation were very instructive for the speed of temperature changes and for the speed of the loss of weight. For the evaluation of the behaviour of the examined board-materials also the dimensionless combustion measure can be brought up. The total results were additionally represented in 2 tables. For the new edition of DIN 4102 it was lately being considered to acknowledge the property “flame-retardant” only if the maximum temperature of the air of combustion does not exceed 250°C and the loss of weight does not rise beyond 30%. Though two thirds of the materials examined failed, the test procedure is, according to the authors' opinion, not too strict. With respect to safety, the maximum temperature of the air of combustion has to be coupled with the maximum loss of weight. Considering the fact that within the region of 220 to 280°C the pyrolysis of wood begins to become exothermical, it should even be investigated whether this maximum temperature permissible should not be reduced. Tests have shown that with sufficient effectiveness of the fire-retardant preservatives this condition can, without difficulties, be complied with. Also spruce of 20 mm in thickness, which untreated is highly endangered, as well as 12 mm plywood having been painted with intumescent preservatives became acceptably “flame-retardant”. It is important to concert gluing technique and fire protection.

Development of Wood Adhesives and Gluing Technique

Abstract Study of adhesives used in furniture and other relics of earlier civilizations yields little of value to present-day craftsmanship. This paper therefore discusses only the more recent developments in glues and the technique of using them. While some glues were of ancient origin, the modern large-scale production and the more precise controlled methods have resulted in glues of higher and more uniform quality than the ancient glues from the same sources. Standardization of tests and testing methods is important. Joint tests constitute the principal means for determining the suitability of glues for woodworking. Tests that can be made directly upon the glues rather than upon glued joints may be developed.