Quantification Of Glucose Research Articles

A self-powered glucose biosensor device based on microfluidics using human blood

A self-powered glucose biosensor (SPGB) was developed based on biofuel cells (BFCs)and a microfluidic system as a suitable technology for high potential application in clinical diagnosis. In this work, a bioanode and biocathode were assembled by glucose oxidase-based and laccase-based electrodes, respectively, which were incorporated into a microfluidic system (m-SPGB), while the anolyte and catholyte were phosphate buffered at different pH values of 7.4 and 5.6, respectively. The m-SPGB showed a linear dynamic interval of 0–10 mM (R 2 = 0.9907), a low limit of detection of 0.48 mM and a response to interfering species. Subsequently, human blood was used in the anolyte to quantify glucose molecules in real samples, obtaining a low relative error percentage when compared with a commercial glucometer. The coupling of the m-SPGB with a wireless electronic device allowed the detection and processing of the signal in the quantification of glucose directly without using a potentiostat/galvanostat. The promising results of the m-SPGB connected to a Wi-Fi electronic device are well suited for clinical application. • Efficient operation of a self-powered glucose biosensor is presented. • Prototype coupled a microfluidic device that functions as a biofuel cell. • Glucose biosensor achieved linear range within the concentrations found in blood. • Results were compared with commercial glucometer using human blood. • Low electrochemical response to interferents.

RID serve as a more appropriate measure than phenol sulfuric acid method for natural water-soluble polysaccharides quantification

With structural diversity of water-soluble polysaccharides, their precise quantitative analysis by phenol‑sulfuric acid method becomes more difficult and challenging. In this study, the quantification analysis of dextran and glucose in phenol sulfuric acid method was compared in this paper. When the concentration is below 90 μg/mL, the quantification of glucose is close to theoretical value, however, glucose derivatives have significantly different absorption. Later, quantitative factors of water-soluble polysaccharide in RID measurement were investigated. The optimum temperature was 40 °C and linear range was 0.3125–10.0 mg/mL in RID for dextrans (1.0–500 kDa) and glucose derivatives. Method validation studies of the RID method were further performed and compared to conventional phenol sulfuric acid method, which demonstrated that RID measurement is more reliable and satisfactory method. The intervention of water-soluble impurity in RID response should be well control below 6% (w/w). By comparison, the RID measurement could well alleviate drawbacks in phenol‑sulfuric acid method.

Superior Non-Invasive Glucose Sensor Using Bimetallic CuNi Nanospecies Coated Mesoporous Carbon.

The assessment of blood glucose levels is necessary for the diagnosis and management of diabetes. The accurate quantification of serum or plasma glucose relies on enzymatic and nonenzymatic methods utilizing electrochemical biosensors. Current research efforts are focused on enhancing the non-invasive detection of glucose in sweat with accuracy, high sensitivity, and stability. In this work, nanostructured mesoporous carbon coupled with glucose oxidase (GOx) increased the direct electron transfer to the electrode surface. A mixed alloy of CuNi nanoparticle-coated mesoporous carbon (CuNi-MC) was synthesized using a hydrothermal process followed by annealing at 700 °C under the flow of argon gas. The prepared catalyst’s crystal structure and morphology were explored using X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The electrocatalytic activity of the as-prepared catalyst was investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and amperometry. The findings show an excellent response time of 4 s and linear range detection from 0.005 to 0.45 mM with a high electrode sensitivity of 11.7 ± 0.061 mA mM cm−2 in a selective medium.

Exosome-Mediated Insulin Delivery for the Potential Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus.

Exosomes are extracellular nanovesicles between 30 and 150 nm that serve as essential messengers for different biological signaling and pathological processes. After their discovery, a wide range of applications have been developed, especially in therapeutic drug delivery. In this context, the aim of this work was to test the efficiency of exosome-mediated human insulin delivery using exosomes extracted from three different cell lines: hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2); primary dermal fibroblasts (HDFa) and pancreatic β cells (RIN-m); all are related to the production and/or the ability to sense insulin and to consequently regulate glucose levels in the extracellular medium. The obtained results revealed that the optimal insulin loading efficiency was achieved by a 200 V electroporation, in comparison with incubation at room temperature. Moreover, the maximum in vitro exosome uptake was reached after incubation for 6 h, which slightly decreased 24 h after adding the exosomes. Glucose quantification assays revealed that exosome-mediated incorporation of insulin presented significant differences in HDFa and HepG2 cells, enhancing the transport in HDFa, in comparison with free human insulin effects in the regulation of extracellular glucose levels. No significant differences were found between the treatments in RIN-m cells. Hence, the results suggest that exosomes could potentially become a valuable tool for stable and biocompatible insulin delivery in diabetes mellitus treatment alternatives.

Fluorescent Sensor Array for Quantitative Determination of Saccharides.

Accurate monitoring of sugar levels is essential for many fields from food industry to human health. Here, we developed FRET-based dual chromophore sensors for saccharides that form oxazolidine boronate and may be employed as a noninvasive method for monitoring of sugar levels in biological fluids, namely, urine. The saccharide-binding properties of the sensors were studied using fluorescence spectroscopy and utilized in the determination of saccharides in a high-throughput manner. Here, two fluorescent sensors were successful in the classification of nine different monosaccharides and disaccharides with 100% correct classification. Furthermore, the dual chromophore self-assembled sensors were successfully utilized for the quantitative determination of important carbohydrates such as glucose in the presence of competitive saccharides (fructose) and in complex media (urine) without sample pretreatment. The present fluorescent sensors allow for quantification of glucose in a concentration range of 0-60 mM, which matches the concentration range of frequently used urinalysis test strips.

A Cu2O/PEDOT/graphene-modified electrode for the enzyme-free detection and quantification of glucose

• Cu 2 O/PEDOT/rGO/GCE were fabricated by a simple electrodeposition process. • Cu 2 O/PEDOT/rGO/GCE displayed showed excellent glucose detection activity. • The unique PEDOT/rGO structure enhanced the glucose oxidation activity of Cu 2 O. A cuprous oxide decorated poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) multi-layer graphene modified glassy carbon electrode (Cu 2 O/PEDOT/rGO/GCE) was fabricated via a stepwise electrodeposition process, then used as a non-enzymatic sensor for glucose detection. The structure and morphology of Cu 2 O/PEDOT/rGO film were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Electrochemical tests showed that the Cu 2 O/PEDOT/rGO/GCE offered excellent performance for the detection of glucose, including high sensitivity of 4700 μA cm −2 mM −1 in the linear range from 0.004 to 3.2 mM, and low detection limit of 0.14 μM. These results suggest that Cu 2 O/PEDOT/rGO/GCE is an outstanding non-enzymatic sensor for the detection of glucose. The excellent response can be attributed to the unique multi-layered graphene structure of the modified electrode, in which highly conductive PEDOT enhances the electrocatalytic oxidation activity of cuprous oxide nanoparticles.

Highly sensitive non-enzymatic glucose sensor based on carbon nanotube microelectrode set

In this work, a carbon nanotube microelectrode set (CNT µ-ES) was modified, in which three electrodes based on highly densified carbon nanotube fiber (HD-CNTf) cross-sections (length ~40 µm) were embedded in an inert polymer matrix with exposed open-ended CNTs at the interface. An HD-CNTf cross-section (∼40 µm diameter) electrochemically modified with copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) was used as the working electrode; a bare HD-CNTf cross-section (∼94 µm diameter) was used as the counter electrode; and an HD-CNTf cross-section (∼94 µm diameter) electroplated with Ag/AgCl and then coated with Nafion™ was used as a quasi-reference electrode. The electrochemical activity of the CuNPs/HD-CNTf microsensor for glucose electrooxidation was examined by cyclic voltammetry and amperometry in 0.1 M NaOH solution. As shown by amperometry studies, the proposed nonenzymatic CuNPs/HD-CNTf microsensor had a remarkably low limit of detection (28 nM) and a wide linear quantification range with an excellent sensitivity (1942 nA·µM−1·cm−2). This sensitivity can be attributed to the synergetic effect of electrocatalytic CuNPs and aligned HD-CNTf, which provide excellent conductivity. The electrooxidation of glucose on the developed microsensor was free from chloride poisoning and independent of the oxygen concentration. The developed microsensor demonstrated insignificant interference from the oxidation of common interfering species and carbohydrate compounds at their physiological concentrations. Finally, the CuNPs/ HD-CNTf microsensor was successfully applied for the quantification of glucose in normal human serum and diabetic patient urine samples, demonstrating the applicability of this strategy for commercial nonenzymatic glucose sensors.

Correction to: Development and Validation of an Analytical Method for the Quantification of Arabinose, Galactose, Glucose, Sucrose, Fructose, and Maltose in Fruits, Vegetables, and Their Products

Correction to: Development and Validation of an Analytical Method for the Quantification of Arabinose, Galactose, Glucose, Sucrose, Fructose, and Maltose in Fruits, Vegetables, and Their Products

RETRACTED: Whey protein preload enhances the active GLP-1 response and reduces circulating glucose in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief. The article is a duplicate of a paper that has already been published in Nutrients: (Nutrients 2021, 13(7), 2451. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13072451. Redundant publications overweigh the relative importance of published findings and distort the academic record of the authors. One of the conditions of submission of a paper for publication is therefore that authors declare explicitly that the paper has not been previously published and is not under consideration for publication elsewhere. As such this article represents a misuse of the scientific publishing system. The scientific community takes a very strong view on this matter and apologies are offered to readers of the journal that this was not detected during the submission process.

Biosensing Membrane Base on Ferulic Acid and Glucose Oxidase for an Amperometric Glucose Biosensor.

A biosensing membrane base on ferulic acid and glucose oxidase is synthesized onto a carbon paste electrode by electropolymerization via cyclic voltammetry in aqueous media at neutral pH at a single step. The developed biosensors exhibit a linear response from 0.082 to 34 mM glucose concentration, with a coefficient of determination R2 equal to 0.997. The biosensors display a sensitivity of 1.1 μAmM−1 cm−2, a detection limit of 0.025 mM, and 0.082 mM as glucose quantification limit. The studies reveal stable, repeatable, and reproducible biosensors response. The results indicate that the novel poly-ferulic acid membrane synthesized by electropolymerization is a promising method for glucose oxidase immobilization towards the development of glucose biosensors. The developed glucose biosensors exhibit a broader linear glucose response than other polymer-based glucose biosensors.

Fe-Coordinated Carbon Nanozyme Dots as Peroxidase-Like Nanozymes and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents.

The catalytic activities of currently developed peroxidase-mimic nanozymes are generally limited. Therefore, further efforts are still needed to improve the catalytic performance of peroxidase nanozymes. Herein, we synthesized Fe-coordinated carbon nanozyme dots (Fe-CDs) that can serve as both efficient peroxidase nanozymes and T2-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. The intrinsic peroxidase-like activity of the Fe-CDs was explored by catalytic oxidation of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The product showed better performance over natural horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and other mimetic peroxidases. Quantification of glucose and ascorbic acid detection showed that this nanozyme could be used to detect a minimum limit as low as 5 μM glucose. Moreover, the colorimetric detection technique was used to detect serum glucose in mice, and the detection result was comparable with autobiochemistry analyzer results using a glucose assay kit. Furthermore, the Fe-CDs showed good magnetism properties and provided promising MR imaging of tumors with excellent biocompatibility.

Rapid diagnosis of mucinous cystic pancreatic lesions by on-site cyst fluid glucometry.

Available intracystic biomarkers show a limited accuracy for characterizing cystic pancreatic lesions (CPL). Glucose is an attractive alternative due to its availability, low cost and the possibility of on-site quantification by glucometry. To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of on-site glucometry from samples obtained by EUS-FNA in the differential diagnosis between mucinous from non-mucinous CPL. Retrospective, multicentre, cross-sectional study of patients who underwent EUS-FNA of a CPL. A derivation and a validation cohorts were evaluated. Intracystic glucose was quantified by on-site glucometry and colorimetry in the lab. Final diagnosis was based on surgical specimens or global evaluation of clinical and imaging data, cytology and intracystic CEA. Diagnostic accuracy was based on Receiver Operating Curve (ROC) curve analysis. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between on-site and lab glucose levels was calculated. Seventy two patients were finally analysed (40 in the derivation cohort and 32 in the validation cohort). Intracystic glucose levels by on-site glucometry was 12.3 ± 28.2 mg/dl for mucinous CPL and 103.3 ± 58.2 mg/dl for non-mucinous CPL, p < 0.001. For an optimal cut-off point of 73 mg/dl, on-site glucose had a sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive value for the diagnosis of mucinous CPL of 0.89, 0.90, 0.94, 0.82 respectively in the derivation cohort, and 1.0, 0.71, 0.91, 1.0 respectively in the validation cohort. Correlation of on-site and lab glucose quantification was very high (ICC = 0.98). On-site glucometry is a feasible, accurate and reproducible method for the characterization of CPL after EUS-FNA. It shows an excellent correlation with laboratory glucose values. 2019/612.

Hue‐shifting for accurate and precise quantification of biochemical substances using diagnostic test strips

AbstractSome test strips have high feasibility for the quick and approximate quantification of the biochemical substances in samples. Recently, test strips became more precise and accurate by involving the quantitative observation of coloration and regression modelling. Their accuracy and precision can be significantly improved by hue‐shifting the colours of the original sample and those of the standards. The standard colour images included in the instructions of test strips for the detection of four urinary and two salivary biochemical substances were used. Images of glucose‐loaded test strips for urinary glucose detection were also prepared. Using the red‐green‐blue (RGB) colour image, the author prepared 11 hue‐shifted colour images by changing the hue of the original RGB colour image at intervals of 30°. From each of the 12 colour images, 10 greyscale images indicating values of the intensity of RGB, cyan, magenta, yellow, key black, L*, a* and b* were prepared. In regression modelling, the additional 110 greyscale images improved the values of the coefficient of determination and normalised mean absolute error in the quantification of protein, specific gravity, urobilinogen and glucose in urine, as well as of alcohol and nitric oxide in saliva. Further analyses showed that the hue‐shifting technique yielded new greyscale images that were more significantly related to the values of the biochemical variables in question than any previous greyscale images. This improvement was realised by the most significant linear measures for the description of concentrations of biochemical substances, and synergetic effects between significant greyscale images.

Pharmacological Evaluation of Beta‐Hydroxifosphocarnitine in No‐Alcoholic Steatohepatitis Induced in Rats

Aim Evaluate the pharmacological effect of Β-Hydroxyphosphocarnitine (β-HFC) on non-alcoholic steatohepatitis induced in rats. Introduction Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a disease with high prevalence, usually accompanied on metabolic syndrome. Currently the treatment to NASH is pioglitazone. However, it is reported that pioglitazone causes several side effects reason to stop treatment. L-carnitine has pharmacological effect in the metabolic syndrome, but it is poorly absorbed. The β-HFC is an analogue of L-carnitine that has shown effect on metabolic syndrome and maintaining its pharmacological properties. Method The NASH model was developed in male Wistar rats by ingesting carbonated drink as a source of fructose, coconut oil and carbon tetrachloride. 3 groups were formed with NASH (n = 8); NASH, NASH -β-HFC and NASH-pioglitazone. Another 3 groups of healthy rats (n = 8); control, control-β-HFC and control-pioglitazone. The effect of β-HFC in NASH rats was evaluated by histological sections of the liver with Masson's hematoxylin eosin and trichromic staining. Quantification of liver enzymes, triglycerides, cholesterol and glucose in serum by spectrophotometric kit. Insulin levels were determined by Elisa. Results We previously reported that β-HFC reduced serum triglyceride levels in NASH rats. The levels of glucose, insulin and nitric oxide (NO) were quantified and are the ones that we will report on this occasion. Insulin levels were low in the NASH rats even with the β-HFC treatment compared to the control rats, (25.9 ± 6, 30.0 ± 10 and 121.1 ± 69.5 ng / ml respectively). The pancreas can be damaged by excess fatty acids (FA), altering insulin production. No significant difference was observed in glucose levels between the control and NASH groups (123.2 ± 50.6 and 134.3 ± 19.1 mg/dL respectively). High glucose levels would be expected in NASH rats, however, since insulin resistance is not observed, it could justify that glucose is not elevated. NO is a source of production of reactive species. The rats with NASH showed higher levels of NO than those of the control group (0.054, 0.01 µM / µl respectively). β-HFC was shown to reduce NO levels in rats with NASH (0.03µM / µl). β-HFC enhances the fatty acid oxidation process which can result in decreased production of reactive species. Conclusion: β-HFC enhances key alterations for NASH progression such as DNL and NO production. Conclusion: β-HFC promises to be effective for the treatment of NAHS by improving key alterations for the progression of NASH such as DNL and NO production.

Fluorinated Polymer Membranes as Advanced Substrates for Portable Analytical Systems and Their Proof of Concept for Colorimetric Bioassays.

Portable analytical systems are increasingly required for clinical analysis or environmental monitoring, among others, being materials with tailored physicochemical properties among the main needs for successful functional implementation. This article describes the processing of fluorinated poly(vinylidene-co-trifluorethylene), P(VDF-TrFE), membranes with tailored morphological and physicochemical properties to be used as microfluidic substrates for portable analytical systems, commonly called point-of-care systems in the medical field. The morphology of the developed membranes includes spherulitic, porous, randomly oriented, and oriented fibers. Furthermore, the processed hydrophobic P(VDF-TrFE) membranes were post-treated by oxygen plasma to make them superhydrophilic. The influence of morphology and plasma treatment on the physicochemical properties and capillary flow rates was evaluated. Microfluidic systems were then designed and printed by wax printing for the colorimetric quantification of glucose. The systems comprise eight reaction chambers, each glucose concentration (25, 50, 75, and 100 mg dL-1) being measured in two reaction chambers separately and at the same time. The results demonstrate the suitability of the developed microfluidic substrates based on their tailorable morphology, improved capillary flow rate, wax print quality, homogeneous generation of colorimetric reaction, and excellent mechanical properties. Finally, the possibility of being reused, along with their electroactive properties, can lead to a new generation of microfluidic substrates based on fluorinated membranes.

A Self‐Powered Minimalistic Glucometer: A Lean Approach to Sustainable Single‐Use Point‐of‐Care Devices

AbstractIn this work, a novel glucose quantification strategy is presented in a self‐powered biosensing device. The analyte in the sample is oxidized in an enzymatic fuel cell and the generated charge is transferred to a capacitor. The built‐up capacitor voltage at a specific time can be directly correlated with the concentration of analyte. An electro‐fluidic switch placed on a paper‐based microfluidic channel connects a minimalistic electronic circuit to the fuel cell. The circuit modules discriminate the built‐up capacitor voltage, which corresponds to a particular glucose range. The digital semi‐quantitative result is visualized vía electrochromic displays. As a practical application of this working principle, the self‐powered single‐use device has been designed to perform screening of gestational diabetes mellitus. The device discriminates between healthy (&lt;7.8 mm), pre‐diabetes (&gt;7.8 mm), and diabetes (&gt;11.1 mm) condition providing a reliable result. This single use, printable, and disposable self‐powered glucose biosensing device is autonomous and fully powered by the glucose contained in a 3.5 µL sample. It offers an energy‐saving, environmentally friendly, and low‐cost solution for Point‐of‐Care testing. By replacing the selective enzyme in the fuel cell, this strategy can be used for measuring other health parameters such as creatinine, cholesterol, or uric acid, among others.

Self-assembled perylene-tetracarboxylic acid/multi-walled carbon nanotube adducts based modification of screen-printed interface for efficient enzyme immobilization towards glucose biosensing

Enzyme mediated electrodes have been potentially employed to miniature implantable biosensors. The foremost challenge associated with miniaturization is the reduced electrode active surface area for enzyme immobilization, leading to poor output signals. This study aims to maximize glucose oxidase (GOx) loading onto the integrated interface, thereby amplifying the sensing signals. Here we report a sensitive, path-selective, enzyme-mediated glucose biosensor based on self-assembly of perylene-tetracarboxylic acid (PTCA) onto multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). Controlled immobilization of GOx onto PTCA decorated MWCNT was accomplished through carbodiimide chemistry to build unprecedented bio-nanohybrid featured with enhanced direct electron transfer (DET) of GOx. This disposable transducing interface was exploited to electrochemical quantification of glucose giving higher glucose sensitivity (0.58 µAmMcm−2) and superior detection limit (35 µM) in the linear range of 1–19 mM. This strategy achieved a larger electrochemical active surface area, providing ample active sites for enhanced enzyme coverage density to eventually result in a superior electrocatalytic activity. The fabricated biosensor paves the way to clinically track fluid-borne glucose with selectivity by impeding the generation of overlapping signals. It was eventually tested for real sample analysis using human blood serum spiked with glucose. It is anticipated that such a design will provide a reliable method for the development of bio-implantable miniaturized sensing interfaces for sensitive and selective detection of glucose even in oxygen saturated media.

Fast Determination of Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Glucose Simultaneously by Ultraviolet/Visible and Refraction Index Detectors via High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

A rapid analytical method for simultaneous quantification of glucose (GLC) and seven short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) was developed for detection of ruminal fermentation parameters. The formic acid (FA), lactic acid (LA), acetic acid (AA), propionic acid (PA), butyric acid (BA), isovaleric acid (IVA), valeric acid (VA), and glucose were identified and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique, using a reverse-phase column (C-18) and simultaneous detection in UV-Vis and Refraction Index (RID) detectors, linked in series. The method was validated following the requirements of selectivity, linearity, sensitivity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, accuracy, and precision. The developed method operates in isocratic and gradient modes, providing a better SCFA separation, which allows their determination with a high accuracy and repeatability. Therefore, this study provides a fast, reliable, accurate, straightforward, and efficient alternative method for analysis of ruminal fermentation parameters by liquid chromatography using both detectors simultaneously.

Rapid determination of sucrose and glucose in microbial fermentation and fruit juice samples using engineered multi-enzyme biosensing microchip

Amperometric biosensor utilizing prussian blue (PB) nanocubes microchip for rapid and accurate determination of sucrose and glucose contents in the fermentation broth and juice samples is described. Using a chitosan embedding immobilization strategy, this multi-enzyme system consisting of engineered invertase/mutarotase/glucose oxidase was co-immobilized on a PB nanocubes screen-printed microchip to construct a high-performance and portable sucrose biosensor. Under work potential of −0.05 V, the optimized biosensor showed a fast response time of 20 s and wide linear range from 0.5 to 4.5 mM (R2 = 0.998) with a detection limit of 0.02 mM sucrose. Besides, the biosensor showed a strong anti-interference and operational stability with a low RSD (<2%) and 101.03% of average recovery in real E. coli fermentation samples. Finally, the biosensor was implemented together with a glucose amperometric biosensor to perform the simultaneous quantification of sucrose and glucose in commercial fruit juice. These essential characteristics indicated the proposed sucrose biosensor has potential for application in fermentation industry and beverage products.

Temporal variations in glucose level, oxidative stress and antioxidant profile of Koi carps (Cyprinus carpio var koi) in response to hypoxic tolerance.

Biochemical analyses were conducted temporally to understand the impact of prolonged hypoxic environment on gill and white muscle of juvenile Koi carps (Cyprinus carpio var koi). The 16-day study involved quantification of Glucose (GLU), oxidative stress (Lipid Peroxidation-LPO) and antioxidant profile (Catalase-CAT, Glutathione-GSH, Glutathione-S-Transferase-GST) every 96th hour to understand the physiological consequences of hypoxic environment compared to normoxia (Control). There was no mortality throughout the study period, however, fishes were physically exhausted and exhibited Aquatic Surface Respiration (ASR) after day 8. Reduction in glucose levels was observed for both the tissues from day 4 to 16. LPO values increased in gill from day 4 to 12 followed by decrease on day 16. Catalase values reduced in gill from day 4 to 12 with an abrupt spike on day 16. Among the glutathione antioxidants, negligible GST activity was observed for day 12 and 16 in gill and muscle, while day 4 and 8 revealed fluctuations in GSH for both the tissues. The study showed tissue-specific differential response to stress because of a variance in the evaluated biomarkers in gill and muscle. Understanding the extent of physiological response to progressive oxygen disruption is essential for best practices in pisciculture because its availability is a critical factor impacting fish health which is congruent to the results of this study.