Exercise Glucose Research Articles

Analysis Of The Effect Of Different Exercise Intensities On Blood Glucose

PURPOSE: To examine the changes in blood glucose(GLu) before and after different intensities-based exercise interventions in healthy university students, and provide a reference for the development of precise exercise prescriptions. METHODS: Nine healthy male college students without regular exercise habits were recruited. using a power bike (Monark 839E) with built-in Astrand to test VO2max and then to formulate 70%, 80%, and 90% VO2max intensities. Before each experiment, a high degree of consistency in each subject's meal was ensured. Exercise intervention was performed at 40 min postprandial (one week interval between each exercise intervention). First, fasting Plasma Glucose(FPG)was tested, then GLu was tested before exercise, and instant, 30 min, 60 min, and 120 min after exercise. RESULTS: (1) 40 min postprandial, instant after exercise and 60 min after exercise compared with FPG for the three intensities (P < 0.05), but not significant for 60 min after exercise at 80% VO2max intensity (p > 0.05). (2) 30 min and 60 min after exercise compared with immediate after exercise GLu (P < 0.01); 120 min after exercise (P < 0.05), but not significant at 70% VO2max intensity 120 min after exercise(p > 0.05). (3) There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the time points of the three intensities and the interaction measurements of exercise intensity, which proved that the changes in GLu under the three intensity exercise interventions were basically in the same direction. GLu changes within 120 min after different intensity exercise were consistent, i.e. GLu decreased instant after exercise, increased 30 min after exercise, and then decreased with time. But, there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) among the various time points of the changes in GLu for 70%, 80% and 90% VO2max exercise. CONCLUSIONS: (1) GLu changes in a similar trend, first decreased, increased and then decreased after different exercise intensities. (2) There is a certain trend of GLu changing with exercise intensity after exercise, that is, the greater the intensity of exercise, the more obvious the GLu drop after exercise, but there is no statistical significance, but there is a trend that the greater the intensity of intervention exercise, the more obvious the GLu drop.

Female Futsal Players’ Profile and Biochemical Alterations through Intermittent High-Intensity Exercise Training

The aim of the study was to determine the physical, physiological and nutritionalcharacteristics of female futsal players and selected markers of oxidative stress after their exercise training (Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test). Eight health female futsal players (age 21.3 ± 3.2 years, body mass 64.5 ± 5.6 kg, height 169.5 ± 6.5 cm, body mass index 22.45 ± 2.25 kg/m2; mean ± SD) participated in this study. Blood samples were collected before, during and immediately after the exercise for glucose, lactate, ascorbic acid, total plasma antioxidant potential, lipid hydroperoxides, malondialdehyde and creatine kinase concentrations. Female futsal players appeared to meet caloric needs but failed to meet minimum carbohydrate and vitamin A, C and E recommendations. Immediately after the exercise there were an increase in lipid hydroperoxides (ranging from 9.32 ± 1.86 μmol?L–1 to 13.02 ± 1.62 μmol?L–1, p –11 to 3.29 ± 0.62 nmol?L–1, p –1 to 185.59 ± 6.96 U.I..L–1, p < 0.05). In parallel, ascorbic acid and total plasma antioxidant potential had a slight decrease during and after exercise. Considering that alterations in oxidative stress parameters associated with inadequate ingestion of nutrients can affect health and performance of game players, further studies are needed to evalu- ate the inclusion of an nutritional education program and extent of biochemical changes through athlete’s recovery pe- riod.

Oxidative Stress Biomarkers Response to Exercise in Brazilian Junior Soccer Players

The purpose was to analyze biomarkers of oxidative stress and muscle damage in junior soccer players undergoing intermittent exercise to verify the biochemical changes. Ten trained, healthy male soccer players (age 18.3 ± 0.7 years, body mass 74.3 ± 7.4 kg, height 175.5 ± 6.7 cm, body mass index 24.14 ± 1.15 kg/m2; mean ± SD) from the junior cate-gory of an elite Brazilian football association participated in this study. They accomplished a running test (Loughbo-rough Intermittent Shuttle Test) which simulates common soccer activity patterns. Blood samples were collected before, during and immediately after the exercise for glucose, lactate, creatinine, urea, ascorbic acid, total plasma antioxidant potential, lipid hydroperoxides, malondialdehyde and creatine kinase concentrations. During the exercise no changes were observed in biomarkers, but, immediately after there was a significant decrease in total plasma antioxidant potential (ranging from 650.37 ± 66.53 µmol.L-1 to 559.95 ± 91.38 µmol.L-1, p -1 to 8.35 ± 0.83 nmol.L-1 and from 272.01 ± 49.67 U.I.?L-1 to 304.65 ± 39.13 U.I.?L-1, p < 0.05). Findings suggest that the exercise protocol induced significant changes in oxidative stress selected biomarkers in the early stage of recovery. Thus, taking into account that soccer players’ competitive careers initiate very precociously being under constant physical exhaustion, further research on junior soccer players’ physiology and health are important for more effective physical and nutritional programming.

A single session of brisk walking does not alter bloody glucose homeostasis in overweight young men

Aerobic exercise can enhance insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance and collectively, blood glucose homeostasis. Moreover, many different exercise intensities and durations have been used to enhance blood glucose homeostasis. However, the minimum duration of moderate intensity exercise necessary to elicit improved blood glucose homeostasis is unknown. Six sedentary, apparently healthy, overweight (24.5 ± 1.2 percentage body fat), young males (21.7 ± 1.0 years) underwent a 75 gramme oral glucose challenge at baseline and at 24 hours after a single session of moderate exercise. The exercise intervention consisted of treadmill walking at an intensity of 50% of maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max) for 10, 20, 40, or 60 minutes, and each subject engaged in each duration in a randomly ordered manner separated by seven days. Areas under the curve were not different between baseline, 10 minutes, 20 minutes, 40 minutes, or 60 minutes of exercise for glucose (324.9 ± 113.0, 428.1 ± 114.3, 327.5 ± 66.5, 982.6 ± 168.6, 345.5 ± 108.2 mmol.l-1.min-1, respectively) and insulin (56028.5 ± 15604.5, 66980.0 ± 21091.4, 65492.3 ± 15394.6, 60214.9 ± 18130.8, 65829.5 ± 11965.6 pmol.l-1.min-1, respectively). Therefore, it appears that a single session of moderate intensity aerobic exercise lasting from 10 to 60 minutes does not appear to be sufficient to elicit changes in glucose tolerance or insulin sensitivity in sedentary, apparently healthy, overweight college-aged males.

Influence of nutritional status on metabolic responses to exercise in donkeys

SummaryThe metabolic consequences of submaximal exercise following long term nutritional deprivation were investigated in 6 donkeys. Animals were fed all roughage diets, either adequate (Timothy hay: H) or deficient in energy and protein (wheat straw: S) in a crossover design. After 8–10 weeks of dietary adaptation, responses to 60 min of moderate intensity draft loading exercise were compared. Jugular blood was sampled at rest and during exercise for glucose, lactate and free fatty acids (FFA) concentrations, haematocrit, Cortisol and insulin levels. Heart rate (HR) was monitored electronically. Resting lactate concentration was higher in animals fed hay (H) than in animals fed straw (S); only in S animals, however, did post exercise lactate concentration (1.55 ± 0.9 mmol/l) exceed pre‐exercise lactate concentration (0.6 ± 0.1 mmol/l). Hypoglycemia occurred in all animals in early exercise but was more pronounced in S animals. Straw‐fed animals had higher FFA concentrations at rest than H animals (mean ± s.e. 433 ± 71 vs. 102 ± 9 μmol/l). Plasma FFA concentrations declined precipitously in S animals at the onset of exercise, thereafter FFA increased over resting concentrations in both diets. Cortisol concentrations were higher at all times in H animals and increased during exercise regardless of diet. Insulin was lower in S animals and decreased during exercise in both diet groups. Resting HR was lower in S than in H animals (mean ± s.e. 34 ± 2 vs. 45 ± 2 beats/min). Exercising HR was greater in S animals. These data suggest that long term undernutrition in donkeys leads to decreased carbohydrate reserves, diminished maximal aerobic capacity and endocrine alterations. Work difficulty and stress level may increase, with possible negative implications for animal health and endurance.

Effects of glucose versus fructose ingestion on blood glucose concentration during rest and exercise

Ten healthy, nondiabetic male subjects (18–35 yrs.) ingested either fructose, glucose, or a sham solution in doseage of 0.75 gms/kg body weight, and were assigned to the rest or exercise group (80% VO 2 max for 30-min). Subjects participated in all six treatments which were: Fructose-Exercise (FE), Glucose-Exercise (GE), Control-Exercise (CE), Fructose-Rest (FR), Glucose-Rest (GR), and Control-Rest (CR). Blood samples were drawn immediately prior to ingestion, 30-min post ingestion (immediately prior to initiation of rest or exercise), and then at 10, 20, and 30 min into the rest or exercise bout. All samples were analyzed for glucose. Both GE and FE treatment initially elevated blood glucose levels (GE 57.0±9.8%, FE 25.0±6.5%). Once exercise was initiated following glucose ingestion, blood glucose declined very rapidly and ended below baseline (−5.1±6.5%). Following FE treatment, blood glucose declined initially in the first 10-min of exercise, but then increased significantly as exercise continued (25.3±13.3%). These results suggest, many of the frequently observed symptoms of fatigue related to hypoglycemia during endurance exercise events might be avoided with fructose ingestion prior to competition.