Glossary Of Words Research Articles

A Glossary of Words and Phrases "Peculiar to the United States": The Aims and Strategies of John Russell Bartlett's Dictionary of Americanisms

John Russell Bartlett, author of the 1848 Dictionary of Americanisms, came to lexicography indirectly through his fascination with American popular culture. Nonetheless, he shaped his dictionary to conform for the most part with standard dictionaries of the time. Any deviations are usually for the purpose of serving his larger goals, such as providing cultural background. This article argues that it's worth examining Bartlett's work to understand which features of dictionaries seemed essential to a mid-nineteenth-century vernacular lexicographer. His decisions are interesting partly because he was thinking about some of the same issues as more professional lexicographers of that era, for instance how to use illustrative quotations. Bartlett was also important as a recorder of vernacular English. His work preserves many examples of slang and colloquial speech that would otherwise have been lost. The article introduces Bartlett as a scholar, and then takes a detailed look at his aims and strategies as he compiled the dictionary. A following section describes the dictionary's evolution through subsequent editions and a final section discusses Bartlett's influence on later lexicographers.

CALL IT BY ITS NAME: A PARTIAL GLOSSARY ABOUT SEXUAL HARASSMENT FOR FACULTY MEMBERS

This partial glossary of words and phrases expands awareness regarding sexual harassment occurring among faculty members, to encourage a culture of not keeping secrets about sexual harassment. Media attention has shed light on the levels of sexual harassment faced by students in higher education, yet silence surrounds levels of harassment faced by faculty members, and this is a phenomenon that also affects students and learning. Intersectionality and the influence of power dynamics in higher education are acknowledged as mitigating factors in cases of sexual harassment. Structural aspects of higher education that enable a “secrets code” are outlined, along with possible strategies to both reduce and report incidents of sexual harassment.

The Effect of Visual Contextual Support and Glossary of Words on Guessing Meaning of New Vocabulary Items in English by Pre-university Male EFL Students

The present study aims at investigating the impact of visual contextual support and Glossary of Words on EFL learners’ vocabulary learning. For this purpose, a total number of 60 male pre-university students were randomly selected after administering the English proficiency test to assure the homogeneity of the participants. The learners were assigned to three homogeneous groups, 2 experimental groups, namely, visual contextual support and glossary of words and one control group to highlight the comparative purposes. During treatment, the first experimental group received a passage including new vocabulary items and visual contextual supports as treatment and the second experimental group received the same passage including new vocabulary items and the glossary of words as treatment. On the other hand, the control group received no treatment and they were just given the new vocabulary items of the same passages given to the experimental groups in order to guess the meaning of new words only by using their own vocabulary knowledge. To compare the probable differential impact of the study a pretest and posttest were applied to all three groups and the results of the tests were contrasted and analysed. For data analysis, the one-way ANOVA was administered for pretest and posttest. The results of the study demonstrated a significant improvement of vocabulary learning through utilizing visual contextual support in comparison to the glossary of words group and moreover than the control group.

Exploring metacognitive strategies and hypermedia annotations on foreign language reading

ABSTRACTThe effective use of reading strategies has been recognized as an important way to increase reading comprehension in hypermedia environments. The purpose of the study was to explore whether metacognitive strategy use and access to hypermedia annotations facilitated reading comprehension based on English as a foreign language students’ proficiency levels. The primary investigation finding revealed that the strategies used the most were problem-solving strategies, followed by global strategies, whereas support strategies were used the least. The specific strategy of guessing content was used much more frequently which was reliably predicted by their comprehension scores; on the contrary, reading slowly might hinder hypermedia reading comprehension. Regarding the frequency of access to annotations, background information was viewed the most frequently, while word glossary was identified as least frequently; no significant relationship, however, was observed among proficiency levels, frequency of annotation use, and reading strategies. Based on further think-aloud investigation results, limitations and future research are discussed and presented.

There Is No Such Thing as a “Mid-Pole”

In ordinary English, one meaning of the word pole refers to either of two opposite ends of an axis running through a sphere or similarly shaped object, or to two thoughts or functional opposites (like the poles of a battery) [ 1 Webster’s third new international dictionary of the English language, unabridged. Merriam-Webster, Springfield, Massachusetts1991: 1753 Google Scholar ]. In biology or medicine generally, there are similar usages, such as the animal and vegetal poles of an ovum, which have very different functions [ 2 Dox I. Melloni B. Eisner G. Melloni J. Melloni’s illustrated medical dictionary. 4th ed. Parthenon, London, United Kingdom2002: 519 Google Scholar ]. In radiology, referring to the superior and inferior portions of the kidney, for instance, as the upper and lower poles is understandable [ 3 Etter L. Glossary of words and phrases used in radiology, nuclear medicine and ultrasound. 2nd ed. Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, Illinois1970: 271 Google Scholar ] because the normal kidney’s bean shape may be thought of as somewhat similar to a sphere, and the two ends do seem to be opposite each other.

A new decipherment and linguistic reconstruction of the Kitan—Chinese bilingual inscription of 1134 A.D.

This paper presents a new decipherment of the Langjun Inscription of 1134 A.D., including a significantly revised phonological reconstruction of the text, new readings of several graphemes, paleographical notes on certain Kitan and Chinese graphemes encountered in the text, and a glossary of words contained in the text including identifiable etyma. In terms of methodology, the Kitan and corresponding Chinese texts of this bilingual inscription are juxtaposed to facilitate decipherment and reconstruction. Although several important philological studies of this text exist, this article presents the first linguistic reconstruction of the inscription.

Reading Theory Now: An ABC of Good Reading with J. Hillis Miller

Reading Theory Now: An ABC of Good Reading with J. Hillis Miller

Solidarity in medicine: the role of medical students and young doctors

The descriptions of medical caring and of highly technical specialism and science utilize different vocabularies and language. Medical caring has an ancient glossary of words, gestures, and behavior which is rapidly being transformed by specialization and advances in the technology of communication. The technologic capabilities of intensive care have, for example, exceeded the human life span and forced redefinition of the meaning of being olive. There are risks for the contemporary profession as linguistic and technical evolution proceed at a faster pace than the evolution of human health and illth. The accentuation and acceleration of generational disparity between the young and the old diminishes the solidarity of the profession and the quality of care that it provides.

A Framework for the Construction of Ontology for ICT Experts

Systems that help to find answers to suitable experts have received the attention of many researchers. Pioneer researchers on the development of search system for experts emphasized the importance of a search system that required returning a list prioritizing the names of individuals. Among the issues raised related to locating experts are, the critical problem of maintaining up-to-date information in the expert database and the inadequacy in expert finding systems in returning search results that are expected to account for not only the list of the names of the experts, but any information related to the experts and those involved with them. In the last decade, researchers have examined the search for experts from various research perspectives such as expert tracking system and construction of expert profiles involving ontology. This paper aims to describe a new approach in designing a framework for the construction of ontology that will be used in the directory of ICT experts. The researchers propose to incorporate thesaurus in their construction of ontology on ICT experts by providing a profile of the experts including their social profile and whatever concerns that may be associated with the expert. The researchers constructed the ontology on ICT experts by extracting information from sources such as their resumes and personal web sites to obtain the index glossary of words that characterized experts to be used in the directory of experts system. In this study, the standards contained in the Performance Evaluation System of the National University of Malaysia are used to extract information on the academicians in the Faculty of Information Science and Technology. The researchers employed the index glossary, metadata of experts and integrate appropriate taxonomy, thesaurus and classification schemes; such as Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) taxonomy, web classification schemes such as Standard Industrial Classification (SIC), North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) to enrich the ontology of ICT expertise. The proposed framework aims at helping users find information on the expert they require and at the same time obtain other information related to the experts from various perspectives encompassing research, consultancy, links with research partners, other interest related to a particular field and other resources. With a semantically driven directory of ICT experts, matters related to ICT can be referred to the right experts. The framework will be validated by developing the directory of ICT experts prototype and by involving domain experts to evaluate the content of the ontology constructed. In addition, the researchers will evaluate the search results of users who will use the prototype to search for ICT experts.

European Approaches to Improving Access to and Managing the Stock of Legislation

This paper explains what is meant by the stock of legislation, the issues associated with its management, why it is important to manage it and the different policies, institutions and tools used to ensure its accessibility, transparency and simplicity. It shows how different approaches have been adopted at different times for different purposes. A number of tasks need to be undertaken to manage the stock of legislation in any entity or country. These are to identify the stock of legislation, to store it electronically, to review the whole of the stock to eliminate duplications and confusion caused by excessive amendments and finally to put in place institutional arrangements to maintain the stock in a well-managed format. The paper concludes that the management of the stock of legislation is as important as the management of the flow of new legislation as a means of maintaining the quality of legislation and in turn the quality of democracy and the functioning of the rule of law. Definitions Given that each country has its unique terminology for similar policy tools and activities and that this is a field where law, political science and economics interact each with their own cant and jargon, a glossary of words and phrases is set out at the end of the paper.

Plant anatomy: an applied approach

Plant anatomy: an applied approach

The Edgar online guide for decoding financial statements: tips, tools, and techniques for becoming a savvy investor

IntroductionYou're On Your Own: What Every Investor Needs to Know About the SystemWhat Do Investors Need to Know About Accounting?Filings and Other Vital Company Communications Balance Sheet, Part I: What does the Company Own?Balance Sheet, Part II: How Is the Company Financed?Income Statement, Part I: Analyzing the Top LineIncome Statement, Part II: The Bottom LineCash Flow Statement: The Lifeblood of the CompanyRatio AnalysisProxy StatementsInsider Buying and SellingIPOs, Spin-Offs, and Tracking StockRating SystemAppendix: Web ResourcesKey Word Glossary

Paul Kagame and Rwanda: power, genocide and the Rwandan Patriotic Front

In 1994, ethnic conflict turned to genocide in Rwanda. When the world finally took notice, a million people lay dead, and the small African country lay in ruins. Rwanda returned from the brink guided by rulers determined to rebuild the country on their own terms, rather than those of a previously indifferent international community. Paul Kagame, Rwanda's first democratically elected president, embodies the new Rwandan political philosophy. Young, unconventional, not without flaws and critics - Kagame is key to understanding Rwanda's transition from a country that had known only fear, division and clan-based nepotism for many years to an exceptional African state built upon traditional order and values. Paul Kagame's life - from exiled child refugee, to guerilla warrior and rebel politician, to President of Rwanda - is traced in this exploration of the influences on Rwanda's struggle for change. Analyzing the conflicts and challenges of post-genocide Rwanda in comparison to modern parallels, the work invites reassessment of Kagame's leadership and government in an African context rather than measurement against Western standards, and critiques Western involvement in Rwanda since the early 1990s. Twenty-eight photographs and three maps supplement the text, as do a history of Rwanda's Banyarwanda people and a glossary of words in Kinyarwanda, their language. The work includes a bibliography and an index.~

Spytalk: the language of terror: an encyclopedic glossary of words, terms, phrases and explanations used in international intelligence

Spytalk: the language of terror: an encyclopedic glossary of words, terms, phrases and explanations used in international intelligence

The Laws of the Hittites: A Critical Edition

The first critical edition of the Hittite laws since 1959, containing much new textual material. Presents manuscripts in the score format, distinguishing Old Hittite from later copies, and based upon a fresh collation of the original tablets. The commentary examines the linguistic, jurisprudential and cultural aspects of the laws against the background of the entire Hittite textual corpus, archaeological data, and other Ancient Near Eastern law corpora. In addition the volume contains a concordance of the manuscripts, an analysis of the palaeographic and linguistic criteria used in dating the manuscripts, a glossary of words occurring in the laws, identifying both law number and manuscript where each occurrence is found, indexes of Hittite, Sumerian and Akkadian words, of ancient texts cited, and of topics mentioned. Photographic plates of Old Hittite copies are also included.

Desegregation on the Web: A List of Internet Resources

African American Odyssey: A Quest for Full Citizenship. The Civil Rights Era, Parts 1 and 2: . This site high lights items in the Library of Congress exhibit on the African American struggle against racial inequality. The civil rights era is one of nine chronological periods examined. Part 1 examines school desegregation within the larger context of the movement. Featured are documents and photographs with brief descriptions of the Brown decision, Daisy Bates and the Little Rock Nine, and James Meredith and the University of Mississippi. Part 2 deals with breakthroughs in the arts and sports. The Constitution Community Page: Documents Related to Brown v. Board of Education; . Part of the National Archives and Records Administration's Digital Classroom, this site contains documents, historical background, resources, and teaching activities relating the Brown decision to the Fourteenth Amendment and the powers of the Supreme Court. The lesson correlates to the National History Standards and the National Standards for Civics and Government. Definition of Terms: . This web page provides a useful glossary of words, phrases, and terms related to discrimination. Compiled by the Midwest Equity Assistance Center, it is compre hensive, concise, and clear. Exploring Constitutional Con?icts. Separate But Equal!: . This site, maintained by Doug Linder of the University of Missouri?Kansas City Law School, explores the issue of separate but equal by examining five landmark cases: Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), Missouri ex rel. Gaines v. Canada (1938); Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954); Mississippi University for Women v. Hogan (1982) and United States v. Virginia (1996). It includes texts of the five cases, questions, suggestions for further reading, and related links. Constitutional Con?icts was created for use by law students; however, the information and issues presented are accessible to lay, nonacademic audiences and advanced high school students. From Plessy v. Ferguson to Brown v. Board of Education: The Supreme Court Rules on School Desegregation: . Maintained by the Yale-New Haven Teachers' Institute, this site explores the controversial issues of forced desegregation and raises thought-provoking questions about the role of the federal govern ment and the desirability and/or necessity of racial diversity. It includes a narrative of historic Supreme Court decisions, classroom materials, sample lesson plans, and annotated teacher and student bibliographies. The site also contains material on the civil rights struggle, racism in education, equality of educational opportunity, and the history of school desegregation. The lessons are aimed at students with a high school reading level. In Pursuit of Freedom & Equality: Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka: . The Brown Foundation for Educational Equity, Excellence, and Research created this site to commemorate and interpret the history of the landmark U.S. Supreme Court decision Brown v. Board of Education (1954). Made available by the Washburn University School of Law, it contains

Neurosurgery image manager

Computer technology has become standard in many areas of medical practice, but computer-assisted instruction has not replaced standard textbooks and didactic lectures. This paper describes the development of a computer image-based educational system designed for neurosurgical instruction. The advantages and applications of this system for both clinical and academic use and the required software and hardware requirements are delineated. This computerized tutorial can organize and manipulate large amounts of data. The Neurosurgery Image Manager system contains an introductory help section, a self-assessment test in neurosurgery, and a data base of images from the video disc "The Slice of Life," produced at the University of Utah. Questions are taken from the Self-Assessment in Neurological Surgery series. Additionally, the system contains a reference index for all material in the tutorial, a scored clinical problems section, and a several hundred word glossary. The system is programmed using the Macintosh Hypercard authoring system. Large data bases can be manipulated and linked with graphics, text, and peripherals. Images are stored using the MacVision II digitizing system. The hardware necessary to operate the system and the method of implementation of Neurosurgery Image Manager are described. The prototype Neurosurgery Image Manager has been accepted by the Joint Committee on Education of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons and Congress of Neurological Surgeons as one of the computer formats for the next self-assessment tests.

Index of Egyptian Administrative and Religious Titles in the Middle Kingdom with a Glossary of Words and Phrases Used. William A. Ward

Previous articleNext article No AccessBook ReviewsIndex of Egyptian Administrative and Religious Titles in the Middle Kingdom with a Glossary of Words and Phrases Used. William A. Ward William Kelly SimpsonWilliam Kelly Simpson Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Journal of Near Eastern Studies Volume 45, Number 1Jan., 1986 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/373164 Copyright 1986 The University of ChicagoPDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

The Struggle for Land: A Political Economy of the Pioneer Frontier in Brazil from 1930 to the Present Day

List of maps Preface Glossary of acronyms and abbreviations used in the text Glossary of words and phrases in Portuguese used in the text Part I. The Pioneer Frontier: 1. The pioneer frontier political violence and the peasantry 2. The process and stages of occupation of land on the frontier 3. Frontier expansion and the national economy Part II. Political Mediation: 4. The legal history of the land on the frontier and the question of dual authority 5. Law and lawlessness on the frontier and the problem of bureaucratic inertia 6. Private and public colonisation of the frontier and the pattern of bureaucratic entrepreneurship 7. The contemporary alliance of state and capital on the frontier and the contradictions within the State Part III. Accumulation and Authoritarianism: 8. Primitive accumulation and violence on the frontier 9. The frontier and the reproduction of authoritarian capitalism 10. The frontier and the formation of the Brazilian State Bibliography Index.

ReviewGlossary of Words and Phrases used in Radiology and Nuclear Medicine. By EtterLewis E., pp. vii + 203, 1960 (Springfield, Illinois, Chas. C. Thomas), 68s.

Dr. Etter has rendered a great service in publishing the Glossary of Words and Phrases used in Radiology and Nuclear Medicine. The book is designed to aid secretarial and technical staff and it fulfils adequately its object.