Glomus Mossae Research Articles

Effects of sulpher foam and mycorrhizal fungi on Eggplant infested with Nematode(Meloidogyne javanica) at seed or seedling stage

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and sulphur foam added either at direct seeding or at transplanting decreased the effects of nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) on eggplant growth, and improved plant health. Experiments were conducted to study the possible interactions between the Mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus mossae and Gigaspora spp.) and sulphur foam to control M. javanica on eggplant at seed or seedling stage. Experiment at seed stage treated with Mycorrhiza or sulphur foam alone or together stimulated the growth and reduced Nematode infestation significantly. Treated plant at seedling stage increased plant growth and reduced the number of galls /gm of root system. The interaction between Mycorrhiza and sulpher foam treatments was not significant.

INFLUENCE OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHYZAL FUNGI ON FRUIT ROOTSTOCKS

ISHS XXVII International Horticultural Congress - IHC2006: International Symposium on Sustainability through Integrated and Organic Horticulture INFLUENCE OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHYZAL FUNGI ON FRUIT ROOTSTOCKS

EFFECTS OF MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI AND COLORED MULCH IN SWEET POTATO PRODUCTION

In Croatia a three years preliminary research has already been conducted to explore the possibilities of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) cultivation and introduction into our growing areas. Positive effects on the yield were expected from the endomycorrhiza application according to the new growing technologies close to organic-biological production, as well as from mulching with differently colored polyethylene (PE) films. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Glomus mossae was used as inoculants. A significant positive effect of mycorrhiza on the yield of sweet potato roots, as well as on the average root mass, however not on the number of roots per plant, was recorded. PE mulching had a significant effect on the yield and average root mass, as well. Interaction AM × PE film provided the significantly highest yield of thick toots per plant.

The influence of mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus sp.) on field pea plant survival and growthin drought caused stress conditions

The influence of mycorrhizal fungi on field pea green mass yield, dry matter yield, grain yield, number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod, average number of plants per m<sup>2</sup>, grain concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were studied in the greenhouse during two investigative years. The best results with all parameters were obtained in both investigative years by seed inoculation with the mycorrhizal species G. mossae. The exceptions were mean green mass yield, dry matter yield and the number of grains per pod in the second investigation year (irrigation rate – 240 mm/m<sup>2</sup>) where better results were achieved by seed inoculation with species G. intraradices. The highest green mass yield obtained by seed inoculation with mycorrhizal species Glomus mossae was 671.45 g/m<sup>2</sup>, dry matter yield 59.40 g/m<sup>2</sup>, grain yield 346.20 g/m<sup>2</sup> whereas grain nitrogen concentration was 4.08%. Far better results of all yield and quality indicators of this plant compared to non-mychorrized variants were accomplished by mycorrized variants in water lacking conditions.

Suppression of Rhizoctonia root-rot of tomato by Glomus mossae BEG12 and Pseudomonas fluorescens A6RI is associated with their effect on the pathogen growth and on the root morphogenesis

Rhizoctonia solani root-rot is a major soilborne disease causing growth and yield depression. The ability of Glomus mosseae BEG12 and Pseudomonas fluorescens A6RI to suppress this soilborne disease in tomato was assessed by comparing the shoot and root growth of plants infested with R. solani 1556 when protected or not by these beneficial strains. The epiphytic and parasitic growth of the pathogenic R. solani 1556 was compared in the presence and absence of the biocontrol agents by microscopical observations allowing the quantification of roots with hyphae appressed to epidermal cells (epiphytic growth) and of roots with intraradical infection (parasitic growth). The root architecture of the tomato plants under the different experimental conditions was further characterized by measuring total root length, mean root diameter, number of root tips and by calculating degree of root branching. G. mosseae BEG12 and P. fluorescens A6RI fully overcame the growth depression caused by R. solani 1556. This disease suppression was associated with a significant decrease of the epiphytic and parasitic growth of the pathogen together with an increase of root length and of the number of root tips of inoculated tomato plants. The combined effects of G. mosseae BEG12 and P. fluorescens A6RI on pathogen growth and on root morphogenesis are suggested to be involved in the efficient disease suppression.

Effect of Three Species of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza on Bud Sprout and Ripening in Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) cv. Perlette

ABSTRACT Investigations were carried out with grape cv. Perlette to assess the influence of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) on breaking bud dormancy, and hastening flowering, berry set and berry ripening. Eighteen year old vines of Perlette, having uniform vigour and growth, planted at 2.5 × 2.5 m and trained on a telephone system, were inoculated with three strains of AM namely Glomus mossae, Glomus deserticola and Gigaspora calospora, when the root system was active in February. Treatments with FYM and inorganic NPK were maintained as checks. The grapevines inoculated with Glomus deserticola took significantly fewer days for bud sprouting, inflorescence emergence, 50% flowering, berry set and ripening compared with all other treatments. The observations are discussed in relation to observed changes in the soil pH and leaf nutrient status. Hastening of bud sprouting, flowering, berry set and ripening in AM treated plants helped in harvesting the fruits before the onset of rains and reduced the damage due to monsoons. It is suggested that AM strain Glomus deserticola can potentially be included in the fertilizer management practice as an alternative to chemical fertilizers for providing the plant nutrient requirement.

Effect of genotype of Trifolium repens on mycorrhizal symbiosis with Glomus mosseae

Forty-three near-isogenic lines (NILs) of white clover (Trifolium repens), derived from four parental self-compatible genotypes containing the rare self-fertility allele, were inoculated with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mossae. Plant growth response (shoot and root weight and root length), shoot P uptake and mycorrhizal root infection rates were recorded 12 weeks after inoculation. There was generally a high degree of variation between individual lines in all recorded parameters. The most sensitive indicator of plant response to mycorrhizal infection was root length with almost half of all lines showing significant responses (in most cases a decrease in root length). Shoot weight was significantly different between mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal plants in nine lines. Parental genotype significantly affected both plant response to mycorrhiza as well as mycorrhizal infection rates. The results suggest that the NILs will prove useful for further studies to elucidate the molecular genetic control of the symbiosis and inform plant breeding strategies of this agronomically important species.

EFFECTS OF VESICULAR-ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZA ON 14C AND 15N DISTRIBUTION IN NODULATED FABABEANS

A two-compartment growth chamber in which the aboveground plant materials were exposed to 14CO2 and the belowground portion was exposed to 15N2 under normal atmospheric pressure was designed for carbon and nitrogen transfer studies. Vicia faba infected with vesicular-arbuscular fungus Glomus mossae and non-mycorrhizal plants fixed similar quantities of N2 at an age of 6½ wk. Approximately 0.10 mg N was fixed∙g−1 dry plant materials∙day−1 and 40 mg C∙g−1 dry matter day−1 were synthesized by mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal fababeans during 48 h exposure to 14CO2 at 6½ wk with no apparent difference in yield of dry matter. The non-mycorrhizal plants transferred 37% of the fixed 14C beneath ground. The mycorrhizal ones transferred 47% of the fixed 14C beneath ground. Most of the difference could be accounted for in the belowground respiration. The 14CO2 produced by root-microbial systems of the mycorrhizal fababeans was twice as great as that of the nonmycorrhizal; both contained active rhizobium.