This review examines the role of Glomalin, a glycoprotein produced by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, in soil ecosystems. It covers methods for extracting Glomalin, its molecular characterization, and its function in soil health, including nutrient cycling, heavy metal sequestration, and organic contaminant degradation. The review emphasizes the importance of ecological diversity, highlighting how plant diversity, mycorrhizal associations, and root exudates influence Glomalin production and microbial community structure. These factors contribute to Glomalin's key role in soil stability, carbon sequestration, and overall ecosystem health. The study also explores Glomalin's implications in various systems such as forestry, agroforestry, and agriculture. Glomalin contributes to soil structure, nutrient cycling, and carbon storage in forestry systems, with tree species diversity affecting its accumulation. Agroforestry practices enhance Glomalin levels, promoting soil health and carbon sequestration. In agricultural systems, farming practices like monoculture vs. polyculture and crop rotation strategies impact Glomalin production, influencing soil fertility and health. Despite the progress, the review identifies methodological challenges in Glomalin research and suggests future directions, including the need for standardized protocols, interdisciplinary collaboration, and integration of emerging technologies. Understanding Glomalin's role in ecosystem services and managing its production can lead to sustainable soil management and environmental conservation.