Global Reform Research Articles

Government retrenchment as pacification politics: Understanding the Dutch case / Sparpolitik als Befriedungspolitik: Der niederländische Fall

In the 1980s the global reform ideology of New Public Management (NPM) was adopted in the Netherlands, although in a particular variant. Successive coalition cabinets, some of them including the Christian democrat and social democrat parties, pursuedamode of retrenchment via a range of meta policies going beyond merely the privatization of government agencies. Sustained and politically broadly accepted, this particular retrenchment mode offered political leaders a way to channel their diverse political preferences. Interestingly, the ‘hollowing out of the state’ induced by NPM matched well with the substantively ‘hollow’ character of the meta politics of pacification. Over the years such politics has been characteristic of the Dutch political system and political culture, as once identified by Arend Lijphart. Recently, perceived crises on various policy domains indicate the limits of technocratic governing. At the same time the latter has proved to be functional in keeping a segmented society together.

Analysis Of The Effect Of The Process Of Issuing Health Personnel Licenses Using The Sipandu Medan Application On Health Worker Satisfaction In Dpmptsp Medan City

In the era of global reform and information, public services by government officials today still have many weaknesses so that they have not been able to meet the quality expected by the community. This is indicated by the existence of various public complaints submitted through the mass media and social networks as well as the results of a community satisfaction survey which stated that the permit issuance process took a long time, the information conveyed was not clear and not transparent.The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of the process of issuing health worker permits using the Medan Sipandu Application on Community Satisfaction in Dpmptsp Medan City. This type of research is Quantitative Analytical research, namely the method in the form of numeric data using a cross sectional approach, with a sample of 200 people. The results of this study are that the variable that has the most influence on the satisfaction of health workers regarding the use of the Sipandu Medan Application is complaint handling. statistical test resultsearned valuep significance is 0.000 <0.05. So it can be concluded that there is an effect of handling complaints on the satisfaction of health workers regarding the use of the Sipandu Medan Application.SIPANDU is here to make it easier for the public to submit related complaints.

THE IMPACT OF LIBERALIZATION, PRIVATIZATION, AND GLOBALIZATION (LPG) ON INDIAN AGRICULTURE

The study examines the influence of Liberalization, Privatisation and Globalization (LPG) reforms on agricultural sector in India since their initiatives in 1991. The study explores evolving disputes and government measures in providing solution for the problem faced by the marginal and small-scale agriculturists. The research objective is to examine the influence of LPG on export of agricultural items, Technological innovations, Geographical disparities along with ecofriendly practices. The study examined the strengths such as enhancement in export of agricultural products and diversification of harvests, weaknesses are identified as geographical differentiation and reduction in public funding these aspects are analysed through SWOT analysis. Encouragement or opportunities on LPG reforms includes combination of technological innovations and ecofriendly procedures whereas, threats are identified as financial disparities among farmers and environmental depletion. This complete analysis offers a mixed view of varied influence of LPG on agriculture in India, Proposing the requirement for sustainable approach and higher inclusiveness for agriculture expansion. KEYWORDS: Liberalization, Privatization, Globalization, SWOT analysis, Indian agriculture, regional disparities, Environmental sustainability, Technological advancements, Government policies

Jugoslavija i ambivalentnost ekonomske saradnje Jug-Jug u sedamdesetim i osamdesetim godinama

During the epoch characterized by the vigorous pursuit of the New International Economic Order by developing nations, Yugoslavia emerged as a prominent member of both the Non-Aligned Movement and the Group of 77 developing countries (G-77). It sought to exemplify the feasibility of establishing a novel framework for relations between industrially more developed nations, including itself, and its allies within this coalition, characterized by economies in various stages of development. Within influential circles at the United Nations, Yugoslav development theory garnered attention for its perceived integration of Marxist and neoclassical economic concepts, representing an ambitious global reform program that diverged from the perspectives of the capitalist and socialist superpowers. This conceptualization of globalization concurrently grappled with the ideological, geopolitical, and economic ramifications of the emerging neoliberal revolution, which markedly constrained available manoeuvering space starting in the early 1980s. The article critically examines specific instances of Yugoslav bilateral economic collaboration with distinct African nations, offering insights into the practical implications of the envisioned economic order and its practice on the ground.

Review on Pharmacovigilance Method, Recent Developments, Future Perspective and Software

Abstract: Pharmacovigilance starts in the clinical stage and continues the entire drug's life cycle. Pharmacovigilance is the study, identification, and prevention of potential drug-related issues and side effects, with an emphasis on the acute and longterm impacts of pharmaceuticals, biological products, herbal remedies, and traditional treatments. Pharmacovigilance has changed recently, becoming more and more crucial to improved clinical practice and public health research. Pharmacovigilance employs a range of techniques, including focused clinical investigations, stimulated reporting, passive and active surveillance, comparative observational studies, and descriptive research. New advances in pharmacovigilance are crucial to meeting patient needs and maintaining their health. Three papers in pharmacovigilance are available for future guidance: Waller and Evans' Erice Manifesto for Global Reform of the Safety of Medicines in Patient Care; the Erice Declaration on Transparency; and the Erice Declaration on Transparency. Pharmacovigilance in the future must be able to identify safe problems quickly in order to persuade the patient about the drug's safe use. Additionally, pharmacovigilance techniques can be used to determine which patients are susceptible to adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and how those reactions might occur. The use of patients as information sources in the pharmacovigilance sector is crucial for this process. The majority of software uses are for ADR administration and reporting. The programmes that are most frequently used include repClinical, PvNET, Oracle Argus Safety, ArisG, and Oracle adverse event reporting.

Changing Dynamics of Trade Union-Management Relations in Post-Globalization Indian Public Sector

This paper explores the evolving dynamics of trade union-management relations in India’s public sector in the wake of globalization and economic reforms. Historically, Indian trade unions wielded significant influence, particularly in the public sector, where they safeguarded workers’ rights and job security. However, with the onset of the Liberalization, Privatization, and Globalization (LPG) reforms of the 1990s, unions have faced declining membership, reduced bargaining power, and increased competition from the private sector. Labor reforms promoting flexibility and efficiency have shifted labor relations, diminishing traditional union influence, especially due to the rise of contractual and outsourced employment. The study reveals that unions have adapted their strategies by moving towards collaborative approaches, political lobbying, and engaging with emerging informal sectors to maintain relevance. Meanwhile, management’s emphasis on productivity and modernization has fostered a labor environment prioritizing performance over security. Key findings indicate a reduction in job security and collective bargaining scope, with a growing divide between permanent and contract workers. Despite these challenges, unions continue to advocate for labor rights, expanding their reach to unorganized sectors. This analysis underscores the importance of fostering cooperative union-management relations to balance economic goals with fair labor practices, thereby promoting industrial harmony in a competitive global economy. The findings offer insights for policymakers, unions, and management on adapting to the complexities of labor relations in modern India.

Interrelation between educational reforms and external assessment of student achievements in the context of the Swedish educational system

In the field of educational policies and the illustration of dynamic reform processes, external assessment plays a significant role in the inception and implementation of educational reforms. The theoretical exposition of the primary drivers of educational changes highlights alternations in the implementation process of national reforms, distinctive to each educational system, while offering insight into the alignment between national and global reforms aiming for educational standardization and market orientation. These processes find support in the realm of external assessment, which is overseen by international organizations and educational agencies. The OECD's PISA survey, which has evolved into a recognizable benchmark for evaluating the quality of education systems, holds particular prominence in the realm of educational reform implementation. The data on achievements, system comparisons, and improvement recommendations proposals tied to PISA research can be used to transform national educational systems. To explore the correlation between educational reform and external assessment, the Swedish educational system was selected as an illustrative example of a system whose policies have long involved the evaluation and implementation of changes based on external assessment outcomes. This paper is based on the analysis of primary and secondary literature concerning Sweden's PISA survey results. A systematic search was conducted in the OECD database with the objective of gaining insight into primary data regarding student achievement. Insights into previous scholarly analyses of Sweden´s PISA results were acquired by searching scientific publication databasea. The primary focus lies on presenting the reform actions initiated in response to the decline observed in the PISA 2012 survey. Additionally, the paper aims to illustrate the influence of these reforms and changes in educational policy stemming from the instrumental utilization of external assessment data.

Challenging the North-South Divide in Decolonizing Design

This article critiques the prevailing North-South divide within the discourse on decolonizing design, recognizing its historical significance while exposing its limitations in advancing decolonial agendas. The uncritical adoption of this dichotomy often leads to oversimplification, exclusion, and isolation, limiting the practical impact of decolonizing efforts. Drawing on insights from a global design anthropological study on energy exchange, we advocate for a post-development perspective that transcends the North-South divide. Our study presents three key insights: colonization is rooted in ideology and requires global reform for decolonization; mutual learning between the Global North and South is essential; and infrastructure plays a crucial role in envisioning and implementing decolonial alternatives. This work aims to stimulate further discourse toward a dialogic, contextual, infrastructural, and comparative post-development paradigm in decolonizing design.

Revitalizing thalidomide: Advancements in drug design and therapeutic strategies

Thalidomide, a drug initially introduced in the late 1950s, stands as a poignant reminder of the complexities of drug discovery. Initially hailed for its sedative properties, its widespread use led to a tragic medical disaster, with thousands of infants born with severe congenital malformations. This catastrophe prompted global reforms in drug testing and approval processes. However, the story of thalidomide took a turn as subsequent research unveiled its potential therapeutic applications, particularly its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. This article delves into thalidomides transformative journey, from its tragic beginnings to its cautious reintroduction in medical therapeutics. The narrative underscores the balance between innovation, risk, and ethical responsibility in medicine. Furthermore, the article explores five cutting-edge technologies reshaping thalidomides therapeutic potential: molecular modifications and analogues, nanoparticle-based delivery systems, prodrug strategies, gene therapy integration, and enhanced formulations. Each technology offers unique avenues to enhance thalidomides efficacy, safety, and applicability. The advancements collectively signify the evolving landscape of pharmaceutical design, emphasizing the potential of tailored treatments that prioritize patient well-being. In conclusion, thalidomides journey from tragedy to therapeutic innovation serves as a testament to the resilience of medical science, highlighting the importance of continuous learning, adaptation, and responsible innovation in the realm of drug discovery.

What is a Developed Country, A Status India is Aiming to Achieve by 2047?

“Developed country” is a term used to describe a nation that has achieved a high level of economic development, technological advancement, and social well-being. The classification of countries as "developing" or "developed" is a complex topic that involves various economic, social, and political factors. Historically, the classification was often based on the economic indicators, but over time, the understanding of development has evolved to include a broader range of factors. During British colonial rule, India's wealth was indeed drained to Britain through various mechanisms. The British East India Company's exploitation of India's resources and industries during colonial rule left a lasting impact on the country's economic landscape. Post-independence, India faced multifaceted developmental challenges. Economically, the trajectory involved early mixed results, followed by the transformative liberalization, privatization, and globalization reforms in the 1990s. India experienced high growth, but recent years have seen challenges, including a growth slowdown and pandemic disruptions. Non-economic factors like the Human Development Index (HDI) shed light on disparities in life expectancy, education, and income. India, despite progress, remains a developing country due to factors like brain drain, population growth, income inequality, infrastructure challenges, corruption, and environmental issues. The Modi government's policies aim to make India a developed nation by 2047. Initiatives like Make in India, GST, Digital India, Skill India, Atmanirbhar Bharat, PMJDY, and PMAY address economic and social dimensions. Strategies include infrastructure development, skill enhancement, financial inclusion, and sustainable practices. Regular policy reviews and adaptability are crucial for these measures to contribute effectively to India's transformative development.

Caveats for change: exploring pre-service teachers’ concerns regarding change

ABSTRACT Notable within the rhetoric of recent global reform trends is the (re)positioning of teachers from peripheral to critical stakeholders in educational change processes. Responding to this imperative, programmes of Initial Teacher Education (ITE) are now frequently tasked with promoting teacher agency as a core dimension of teaching. Yet, much evidence points to a persistent tension between renewed visions for teacher engagement and agency as part of global curriculum reform processes and the associated enactment of such visions. While teachers’ concerns related to individual reforms are increasingly detailed, less attention is paid to teachers’ views regarding change as a process. Premised on the conviction that better understanding and attention to teachers’ concerns related to change, holds the potential to support more authentic, impactful and sustainable reform developments, this paper explores the reflections of 53 Irish pre-service teachers on their openness to change and examines the caveats they attach to their engagement in and with change. Reflexive thematic analysis identified a range of caveats pre-service teachers attach to their engagement in and with change. Consideration of these caveats by policy makers and initial teacher education providers may support teachers to engage more deeply with change.

Impact of Covid-19 epidemic on online learning and educational resources in China

Online education was widely launched worldwide with the increasing impact of Covid-19 and multiple online platforms were developed or improved due to their demands. Several surveys have been conducted to analyze the Covid-19 impact on education, revealing the importance of information and communication technology (ICT). This epidemic has significantly changed all education levels and dramatically increased online learning. Online learning has various benefits with few drawbacks such as resources, economic effects, time, travelling, and so on. In this paper, we describe the impact of Covid-19 on education in China, the education of international students, problems in online learning, and the supportive technologies during this epidemic. Distance learning has been studied for years, expressed that it enhances the learners with lower paybacks; therefore, it was diminished dramatically. All these concerns will help us to understand global reforms and situations. We have also described affected regions, virus types, the Covid-19 cycle, and procedures to secure our education systems. Furthermore, we have highlighted some key issues of biosafety that will support the community to understand the standard procedures for developing a safe environment. Teachers play a key role in the development of a nation, and this study also enlightened the perspectives which should be addressed in future research.

WBF Conference

WBF conference could be catalyst for global regulatory reform in bioprotection The World BioProtection Forum (WBF) hosted an exclusive conference, Bringing Pesticide Regulatory Reform to UK Parliament, at the Palace of Westminster on 5th September 2023. Attended by Lords, Members of Parliament (MPs), policy influencers and industry leaders, it was widely agreed that there is a need for regulatory reforms in the bioprotection sector. As any changes in the UK may resonate throughout the world, this conference could be a catalyst for global reforms, which the industry has been requesting for the past 30 years. This was an encouraging outcome, although there is still work to be done, as outlined in this overview.

Effectiveness of Science-Technology-Society (STS) approach on students’ learning outcomes in science education: Evidence from a meta-analysis

Scientific literacy development significantly impacts real-world outcomes, leading to scrutiny of instructional approaches for global reform in science education. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of the Science-Technology-Society (STS) approach in improving students' scientific learning outcomes. A quantitative research design, using meta-analysis guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol, was used to determine the effect sizes of previous studies on the STS approach's effectiveness in science learning and teaching. The study analyzed 16 effect sizes from 14 empirical studies from January 2017 to September 2022 using Harzing's Publish or Perish application and Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software. Results showed that the STS approach significantly and positively impacts students' learning outcomes (g = 1.882), particularly psychomotor skills, affective domain, and cognitive skills. Moderator analysis showed that STS is an effective teaching strategy that yields similar positive results regardless of the assessed learning outcomes. The findings demonstrated that the STS approach facilitates students' development of scientific knowledge, skills, and mindset to innovate for real-world problems. These findings provided empirical information that are essential for learning analytics applications in predicting learners' performance and diagnosing instructional practices. Implications for future research and practice, as well as addressing publication bias, are highlighted in order to maximize the benefits of the STS approach in science education.

Measuring the varying relationships between sustainable development and oil booms in different contexts: An empirical study

Sustainable development, as a global reform that takes into account economic, social and environmental aspects, requires a focus on energy activities, especially those of the oil industry, as they usually have varying degrees of impact on the three aspects mentioned. We, therefore, explore the nexus between sustainable development and oil booms based on data from 38 countries and seven specific countries (China, the USA, Russia, Norway, Brazil, Libya and Kuwait) between 1990 and 2019. First of all, the Bai-Perron tests confirm that structural changes in the oil production growth are more frequent, while the sustainable development index growth is relatively more stable. Then, we examine the performance of this nexus in different subperiods using the panel vector autoregression models and observe significant associations only in the subperiod 2012 to 2019. At last, we find that the Granger causalities and long-run dynamic relationships between sustainable development and oil booms are considerably different across economies in the vector autoregression estimations for each of the seven countries. In a word, the effect of oil production on sustainable development could be positive or negative over time and across economies, and there is no consistent conclusion, and vice versa. Thus, in the sustainable development practice and the green transformation of the oil industry, targeted strategies should be adopted according to the current development stage and the realistic background of specific objects.

BIG DATA SUPPORT FOR PROJECT MANAGEMENT IN THE CONDITIONS OF WAR: THE EXPERIENCE OF UKRAINE

The article contains a review of the unique Ukrainian experience of launched and implemented projects in the conditions of a global risk, i. e. the war. It is highlighted that the large-scale invasion of the Russian Federation on the Ukrainian territory caused global threats and risks for public and business organizations and the Ukrainian society as a whole. The emphasis is made on top innovative projects of Ukraine launched and implemented (or being rapidly developed) due to the intensive use of digitalized processes. The authors presented a review of global reforms in the areas of strategic importance for Ukraine: development of road infrastructures in Ukraine, modernization of heath protection sector, reduction of Ukraine’s dependence on energy imports (especially on Russia), development of digitalized processes, improvement of the education quality and bringing the domestic education system in conformity with European standards. These reforms involved the development of megaprojects that could be successfully implemented several years before the beginning of the war and continue to be extensively used in daily activities of Ukrainian citizens. The issue of big data implementation as a useful ground for the successful accomplishment of projects in the conditions of war and the future postwar period is elaborated on.

From the Twenty Years’ Crisis to the climate crisis: Reconsidering Carr’s thoughts on nationalism and global reform

A recent debate emerged on the possibility of rendering nationalism compatible with addressing the climate crisis. E. H. Carr’s analysis of nationalism and global reform is relevant to this debate. Carr’s analysis highlights a negative relationship between nationalism and peace in the international order; a relationship that extends to, and is exacerbated by, climate change. This analysis is relevant to the contemporary debate on nationalism and climate change in three ways. First, it shows that competition over resources, border control and conflict are likely to increase in the climate age. Second, it explains the failure of UN-led attempts to address the climate crisis. Third, it problematises mid-way solutions to render nationalism compatible with addressing the climate crisis – whether these are realist, liberal institutionalist or green nationalist. Carr’s work however does not simply present a pessimistic outlook on the climate crisis; it also offers a positive lens to think of the crisis as an opportunity. Times of crisis to Carr are times of opportunity for humanity to re-define its sense of purpose. The emergence of issuespecific climate movements and sector-specific green projects is testimony to the presence of this opportunity today to move beyond nationalism, towards multi-scalar identity frameworks.

Немыслимость тотальной катастрофы: постапокалиптическая природа модерного политического реализма

The article discusses the relevance of political realism in the times when a total planet catastrophe is possible. According to Ye.Uchaev and M.Kharkevich’s hypothesis, modern political realism is a post-apocalyptic direction of thought, which is based on the belief that a final state of the world has arrived. Therefore, now that human survival is under threat, realism could be rejected due to the denial of the postapocalyptic worldview, which historically made realism possible, rather than external reasons. The article defines political realism as an approach towards international relations that assumes the inevitability of conflicts between multiple political actors. The authors claim that such an approach requires interpretation of time as infinite. Based on the works of Bruno Latour and Eric Voegelin, Uchaev and Kharkevich show that such a perception of time was formed at the turn of the Middle Ages and the New Age through the self-positioning of Modernity as a post-apocalyptic era, and the state within the Modern era — as a post-apocalyptic subject. The study of the texts of modern political realism confirms the hypothesis about its post-apocalyptic nature. A consistent realist position is found only after the post-apocalyptic self-perception took root in Europe (roughly in the middle of the 17th century) as a result of the triumph of a sovereign state. The realist position is most clearly revealed in the concept of the balance of power of the late 17th—18th centuries. The authors who wrote before or on the eve of this turning point (Niccolò Machiavelli and Thomas Hobbes) in their works turn to the apocalyptic-utopian horizon, where disunity is transformed into political unity. In turn, the threat of the total nuclear war that emerged in the middle of the 20th century becomes an incentive for Hans Morgenthau, John Hertz and Reinhold Niebuhr to overcome realism and develop projects for global political reform. However, according to Uchaev and Kharkevich’s conclusion, overcoming realism will remain incomplete until the problem of the political subject of global reform is resolved.

Duty calls: prediction of failure in reorganization processes

PurposeUsing data from business reorganization processes under Act 1116 of 2006 in Colombia during the period 2008 to 2018, a model for predicting the success of these processes is proposed. The paper aims to validate the model in two different periods. The first one, in 2019, characterized by stability, and the second one, in 2020, characterized by the uncertainty generated by the COVID-19 pandemic.Design/methodology/approachA set of five financial variables comprising indebtedness, profitability and solvency proxies, firm age, macroeconomic conditions, and industry and regional dummies are used as independent variables in a logit model to predict the failure of reorganization processes. In addition, an out-of-sample analysis is carried out for the 2019 and 2020 periods.FindingsThe results show a high predictive power of the estimated model. Even the results of the out-of-sample analysis are satisfactory during the unstable pandemic period. However, industry and regional effects add no predictive power for 2020, probably due to subsidies for economic activity and the relaxation of insolvency legislation in Colombia during that year.Originality/valueIn a context of global reform in insolvency laws, the consistent predictive ability shown by the model, even during periods of uncertainty, can guide regulatory changes to ensure the survival of companies entering into reorganization processes, and reduce the observed high failure rate.

Analysis Of The Effect Of The Process Of Issuing Health Personnel Licenses Using The Sipandu Medan Application On Health Worker Satisfaction In Dpmptsp Medan City

In the era of global reform and information, public services by government officials today still have many weaknesses so that they have not been able to meet the quality expected by the community. This is indicated by the existence of various public complaints submitted through the mass media and social networks as well as the results of a community satisfaction survey which stated that the permit issuance process took a long time, the information conveyed was not clear and not transparent.
 The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of the process of issuing health worker permits using the Medan Sipandu Application on Community Satisfaction in Dpmptsp Medan City
 This type of research is Quantitative Analytical research, namely the method in the form of numeric data using a cross sectional approach, with a sample of 200 people.
 The results of this study are that the variable that has the most influence on the satisfaction of health workers regarding the use of the Sipandu Medan Application is complaint handling. statistical test resultsearned valuep significance is 0.000 <0.05. So it can be concluded that there is an effect of handling complaints on the satisfaction of health workers regarding the use of the Sipandu Medan Application.SIPANDU is here to make it easier for the public to submit related complaints.