Global Warming Induced Climate Change Research Articles

Rainfall projections under different climate scenarios over the Kaduna River Basin, Nigeria

This research aimed to assess changes in mean and extreme rainfall within the Kaduna River Basin (KRB), specifically examining the implications of two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs)—4.5 and 8.5 scenarios. Employing a quantile mapping technique, this study corrected inherent biases in four Regional Climate Models, enabling the examination of mean precipitation and six indices capturing extreme precipitation events for the 2050s. These findings were compared against a historical reference period spanning from 1981 to 2010, considering the basin's upstream and downstream segments. Results revealed an average annual rainfall reduction under scenarios 4.5 (21.39%) and 8.5 (20.51%) across the basin. This decline exhibited a more pronounced impact on monthly rainfall during the wet season (April to October) compared to the dry season (November to March). Notably, a substantial decrement in wet indices, excluding consecutive wet days (CWD), was foreseen in both seasons for the upstream and downstream areas, signalling an impending drier climate. The anticipated rise in consecutive dry days (CDD) is poised to manifest prominently downstream attributed to global warming-induced climate change brought on by increased anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases. These findings accentuate a heterogeneous distribution of extreme rainfall, potentially leading to water scarcity issues throughout the KRB, especially impacting upstream users. Moreover, the projections hint at an increased risk of flash floods during intense wet periods. Consequently, this study advocates the implementation of targeted disaster risk management strategies within the KRB to address these foreseeable challenges.

Seattle's climate: The effects of global warming and possible remedies

Global warming-induced climate change is a severe worldwide issue that has far-reaching effects on the ecology and biological evolution of the planet. Numerous experts study how the climate is changing globally and even in particular areas. This essay's topic is an analysis of Seattle's climate change using literature and data. To determine if Seattle's climate has altered recently, this thesis first examined the city's precipitation, temperature, sea level, and urban excessive heat from four different perspectives. Next, using data on climate change, examine the connection between climate change and global warming. The findings: There is a connection between global warming and climatic change in Seattle. The conclusion is that people continue to underestimate how much the environment is deteriorating due to societal development. For the sake of the planet and all life on it, humanity should strike a balance between environmental preservation and economic growth. Nonetheless, the goal of this thesis is to shed light on environmental changes occurring in Seattle and to identify and address issues that improve the planet.

Sustainable application of electrocatalytic and photo-electrocatalytic oxidation systems for water and wastewater treatment: a review.

Wastewater treatment and reuse have risen as a solution to the water crisis plaguing the world. Global warming-induced climate change, population explosion and fast depletion of groundwater resources are going to exacerbate the present global water problems for the forthcoming future. In this scenario, advanced electrochemical oxidation process (EAOP) utilising electrocatalytic (EC) and photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) technologies have caught hold of the interest of the scientific community. The interest stems from the global water management plans to scale down centralised water and wastewater treatment systems to decentralised and semicentralised treatment systems for better usage efficiency and less resource wastage. In an age of rising water pollution caused by contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), EC and PEC systems were found to be capable of optimal mineralisation of these pollutants rendering them environmentally benign. The present review treads into the conventional electrochemical treatment systems to identify their drawbacks and analyses the scope of the EC and PEC to mitigate them. Probable electrode materials, potential catalysts and optimal operational conditions for such applications were also examined. The review also discusses the possible retrospective application of EC and PEC as point-of-use and point-of-entry treatment systems during the transition from conventional centralised systems to decentralised and semi-centralised water and wastewater treatment systems.

Examination of long-term climatic and fish-catch indicators in India at a macro scale

The quantification of trends and attributes helps in better understanding of the long-term changes in the marine ecosystem. Marine fish-catch was analysed using the statistical data provided by the Central Marine fisheries Research Institute, India. These datasets are used internationally to assess changes in marine fisheries along the coasts of India. In addition the data from the Indian Meteorological Department were used to derive temporal trends of cyclonic indicators such as the Frequency and, Intensity of cyclones. Trend analysis of fishery-based data indicated a significant rise in fish-catch across the NIO basin. The sea surface temperature has reported a significant rise in the past 2 decades, reaching peaks during the months from March to October. There is a reduction in the overall frequency of cyclonic events, with a significant increase in extreme cyclonic events. The normal distribution curve also reports a shift towards a positive direction in the case of SST and fish-catch, while the negative shift is obtained for the frequency of cyclones as well as the intensity of depression between the time-period of 1950-99 to 2000-18. The influence of global warming induced climate change can be observed within these trends.

Transcriptomic responses of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) stem to waterlogging at plantation in relation to precipitation seasonality.

Global warming-induced climate change causes significant agricultural problems by increasing the incidence of drought and flooding events. Waterlogging is an inevitable consequence of these changes but its effects on oil palms have received little attention and are poorly understood. Recent waterlogging studies have focused on oil palm seedlings, with particular emphasis on phenology. However, the transcriptomic waterlogging response of mature oil palms remains elusive in real environments. We therefore investigated transcriptomic changes over time in adult oil palms at plantations over a two-year period with pronounced seasonal variation in precipitation. A significant transcriptional waterlogging response was observed in the oil palm stem core but not in leaf samples when gene expression was correlated with cumulative precipitation over two-day periods. Pathways and processes upregulated or enriched in the stem core response included hypoxia, ethylene signaling, and carbon metabolism. Post-waterlogging recovery in oil palms was found to be associated with responses to heat stress and carotenoid biosynthesis. Nineteen transcription factors (TFs) potentially involved in the waterlogging response of mature oil palms were also identified. These data provide new insights into the transcriptomic responses of planted oil palms to waterlogging and offer valuable guidance on the sensitivity of oil palm plantations to future climate changes.

Private farmland autonomous adaptation to climate variability and change in Cameroon

ABSTRACT Rural communities areinherently vulnerable to global warming-induced climate change. This article examines farmland management choices and evaluates the income strategies made in climate change scenarios to ensure resilience. A Heckman probit model and a Ricardian revenue function are applied to information generated from 215 farms sampled in western and northern Cameroon. Economic factors, as well as geographic factors, are shown to influence the likelihood of perceiving and adapting to climate change. Climate influences revenue both in linear and quadratic forms, with temperature and rainfall significant in key farming seasons. The marginal impacts of climate are positive, whilst revenues decrease with summer temperature. Farm revenue is shown to be elastic for spring temperature but inelastic for summer temperature. A warming of 1.5°C leads to declines in revenue of about 4.3% without adaptation. When warming is increased to 2.5°C losses are shown to increase by 7.3%. These losses are lower when adaptation is considered.

Assessment of Spatial Distribution and Temporal Trends of Precipitation and Its Extremes over Nigeria

This study analyzed the spatial distribution and temporal trends of precipitation and its extremes over Nigeria from 1979-2013 using climate indices, in order to assess climatic extremes in the country. Daily precipitation data used in this study were obtained from Nigeria Meteorological Agency (NIMET), Lagos. The study used climate indices developed by the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection (ETCCDI) for assessing extreme precipitation. Sen’s slope estimator and Mann-Kendall trend test were employed in data analysis. Results revealed that precipitation and its extremes varied spatially across Nigeria. Significant negative trends were observed in most of the precipitation indices for the period under study. Furthermore, significant downward trends were observed in the CWD (Consecutive Wet Day) while the CDD (Consecutive Dry Day) showed significant upward trends in all the regions. These spatial and temporal changes indicate that Nigeria’s climate is trending towards a warmer and drier condition, which could be attributed to global warming-induced climate change; which altered historical rainfall patterns thereby leading to extreme events. The findings of this study have provided useful information in understanding the extreme events that are assumed by the general populace to be normal recurrent events in Nigeria. The results of the analysis of yearly and decadal changes in precipitation totals and extreme values for the last 35 years (1979-2013) suggest the likelihood of severe impacts on water resources, agriculture, and water-sensitive economic activities

Monitoring Land Surface Temperature Change with Landsat Images during Dry Seasons in Bac Binh, Vietnam

Global warming-induced climate change evolved to be one of the most important research topics in Earth System Sciences, where remote sensing-based methods have shown great potential for detecting spatial temperature changes. This study utilized a time series of Landsat images to investigate the Land Surface Temperature (LST) of dry seasons between 1989 and 2019 in the Bac Binh district, Binh Thuan province, Vietnam. Our study aims to monitor LST change, and its relationship to land-cover change during the last 30 years. The results for the study area show that the share of Green Vegetation coverage has decreased rapidly for the dry season in recent years. The area covered by vegetation shrank between 1989 and 2019 by 29.44%. Our findings show that the LST increase and decrease trend is clearly related to the change of the main land-cover classes, namely Bare Land and Green Vegetation. For the same period, we find an average increase of absolute mean LST of 0.03 °C per year for over thirty years across all land-cover classes. For the dry season in 2005, the LST was extraordinarily high and the area with a LST exceeding 40 °C covered 64.10% of the total area. We expect that methodological approach and the findings can be applied to study change in LST, land-cover, and can contribute to climate change monitoring and forecasting of impacts in comparable regions.

An integrated approach to assess coastal vulnerability versus fisheries livelihood sustainability: Strategies for climate change adaptation in Sindhudurg, west coast of India

Global warming-induced climate change affects the coastal regions diversely leading to warmer oceans, rise in sea level, aggravating storm patterns, inundations, increasing precipitations and salinization. This study focusses to explore the livelihood as well as the vulnerability status of the marine fishing spatial units in Sindhudurg Coastal and Marine Ecosystem (SCME) area, west coast of India. The focus was to develop a composite index, namely, Sustainable Fisheries Livelihood Index (SFLI) comprising five capitals, which acts as a tool to evaluate the livelihood status of the fishing communities and also a coastal vulnerability (Cumulative Vulnerability Index-CVI) framework from an earlier assessment was used. The livelihood and vulnerability indices were integrated to arrive at a decision-making matrix to identify and propose suitable interventions for appropriate climate adaptation strategies and achieving sustainable fisheries livelihood. In the present study, SCME was found to have a low SFLI value (0.36). Among the three taluks in SCME, Malvan taluk had comparatively higher SFLI (0.46) than Vengurla (0.34) and Devgad (0.29) taluks. Based on cumulative vulnerability indices, the majority of marine fishing spatial units (i.e. 58.3% after combining high and very high CVI ranges) in SCME were found to face severe vulnerability. These spatial units, plotted using CVI versus SFLI in the four quadrants of decision matrix, were analyzed for management interventions with strategies aimed at reducing the vulnerability and improve the adaptive capacity of fishing communities to achieve sustainable livelihoods. Spatial units in Quadrant IV were preferred to have focused climate change adaptation strategies to minimize vulnerability as well as to improve the fisheries livelihood sustainability by enhancing the access to livelihood capital assets. Spatial units in Quadrant I might serve as model units to demonstrate the vulnerability mitigation interventions to achieve stability and sustainability of livelihoods. Appropriate interventions for climate change adaptation such as diversification of fishing, selection of appropriate fishing gears, regulation of fishing effort, diversification of livelihoods and adoption of ecosystem approach to fisheries management (EAFM) have been discussed.

A short review on carbon dioxide (CO2) methanation process

In this new modern era, global warming induced climate change has capture researcher’s attention due to its huge threat towards human civilization. CO2 is major parts of GHGs that contribute to global warming. The increasing of CO2 concentration in the atmosphere will rise the temperature of the earth surface. Currently, various effort has been done to utilize CO2 as raw material to generate a value-added chemical. Sabatier process is a process which generated methane (CH4) and water (H2O) utilizing Nickel (Ni)-based catalysts from CO2 and H2. Therefore, various effort has been done in the last 10 years. Despite of all the works done, the process still can’t be used in large-scale. This is because, the process is a complex process. Therefore, during low temperature the desirable of catalyst with high activity and stability is very crucial in order to achieve the optimum efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and sustainability of the catalyst while sustain the long-term CH4 production without producing any adverse by-products for industrial application. In addition, the sources of CO2 and H2 must be generated from industrial wastage or renewable feedstock, in order to consider the CO2 methanation process as a promising future technique to generated synthetic methane.

Spatial Pattern of the Unidirectional Trends in Thermal Bioclimatic Indicators in Iran

Changes in bioclimatic indicators can provide valuable information on how global warming induced climate change can affect humans, ecology and the environment. Trends in thermal bioclimatic indicators over the diverse climate of Iran were assessed in this study to comprehend their spatio-temporal changes in different climates. The gridded temperature data of Princeton Global Meteorological Forcing with a spatial resolution of 0.25° and temporal extent of 1948–2010 was used for this purpose. Autocorrelation and wavelets analyses were conducted to assess the presence of self-similarity and cycles in the data series. The modified version of the Mann–Kendall (MMK) test was employed to estimate unidirectional trends in 11 thermal bioclimatic indicators through removing the influence of natural cycles on trend significance. A large decrease in the number of grid points showing significant trends was noticed for the MMK in respect to the classical Mann–Kendall (MK) test which indicates that the natural variability of the climate should be taken into consideration in bioclimatic trend analyses in Iran. The unidirectional trends obtained using the MMK test revealed changes in almost all of the bioclimatic indicators in different parts of Iran, which indicates rising temperature have significantly affected the bioclimate of the country. The semi-dry region along the Persian Gulf in the south and mountainous region in the northeast were found to be more affected in terms of the changes in a number of bioclimatic indicators.

Uncertainty in Estimated Trends Using Gridded Rainfall Data: A Case Study of Bangladesh

This study assessed the uncertainty in the spatial pattern of rainfall trends in six widely used monthly gridded rainfall datasets for 1979–2010. Bangladesh is considered as the case study area where changes in rainfall are the highest concern due to global warming-induced climate change. The evaluation was based on the ability of the gridded data to estimate the spatial patterns of the magnitude and significance of annual and seasonal rainfall trends estimated using Mann–Kendall (MK) and modified MK (mMK) tests at 34 gauges. A set of statistical indices including Kling–Gupta efficiency, modified index of agreement (md), skill score (SS), and Jaccard similarity index (JSI) were used. The results showed a large variation in the spatial patterns of rainfall trends obtained using different gridded datasets. Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC) data was found to be the most suitable rainfall data for the assessment of annual and seasonal rainfall trends in Bangladesh which showed a JSI, md, and SS of 22%, 0.61, and 0.73, respectively, when compared with the observed annual trend. Assessment of long-term trend in rainfall (1901–2017) using mMK test revealed no change in annual rainfall and changes in seasonal rainfall only at a few grid points in Bangladesh over the last century.

Long-Term Arctic Snow/Ice Interface Temperature from Special Sensor for Microwave Imager Measurements

The Arctic sea ice region is the most visible area experiencing global warming-induced climate change. However, long-term measurements of climate-related variables have been limited to a small number of variables such as the sea ice concentration, extent, and area. In this study, we attempt to produce a long-term temperature record for the Arctic sea ice region using Special Sensor for Microwave Imager (SSM/I) Fundamental Climate Data Record (FCDR) data. For that, we developed an algorithm to retrieve the wintertime snow/ice interface temperature (SIIT) over the Arctic Ocean by counting the effect of the snow/ice volume scattering and ice surface roughness on the apparent emissivity (the total effect is referred to as the correction factor). A regression equation was devised to predict the correction factor from SSM/I brightness temperatures (TBs) only and then applied to SSM/I 19.4 GHz TB to estimate the SIIT. The obtained temperatures were validated against collocated Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL) ice mass balance (IMB) drifting buoy-measured temperatures at zero ice depth. It is shown that the SSM/I retrievals are in good agreement with the drifting buoy measurements, with a correlation coefficient of 0.95, bias of 0.1 K, and root-mean-square error of 1.48 K on a daily time scale. By applying the algorithm to 24-year (1988–2011) SSM/I FCDR data, we were able to produce the winter-time temperature at the sea ice surface for the 24-year period.

The Effects of Climate Change Information on Charitable Giving for Water Quality Protection: A Field Experiment

This study uses a field experiment involving 251 adult participants to determine which messages related to climate change, extreme weather events, and decaying infrastructure are most effective in encouraging people to pay more for investments that could alleviate future water-quality risks. The experiment also assesses whether people prefer the investments to be directed toward gray or green infrastructure projects. Messages about global warming induced climate change and decaying infrastructure lead to larger contributions than messages about extreme weather events. The results suggest that people are likely to pay more for green infrastructure projects than for gray infrastructure projects.

Performance Based Evaluation of Concrete Strength under Various Curing Conditions to Investigate Climate Change Effects

Recently, the manifestation of global warming-induced climate change has been observed through super typhoons, heavy snowfalls, torrential rains, and extended heat waves. These climate changes have been occurring all over the world and natural disasters have caused severe damage and deterioration of concrete structures and infrastructure. In an effort to deal with these problems due to extreme and abnormal climate changes, studies have been conducted to develop construction technologies and design guidelines. Nevertheless, study results applicable to construction sites continue to be ineffective and insufficient. Therefore, this study proposes ways to cope with climate change by considering the effect of concrete curing condition variations on concrete material performance. More specifically, the 3-, 7- and 28-day compressive and split tensile strength properties of concrete mix cured under various climatic factors including temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and sunlight exposure time were evaluated to determine whether the concrete meets the current design requirements. Thereafter, a performance based evaluation (PBE) was performed using satisfaction probabilities based on the test values to understand the problems associated with the current mix proportion design practice and to identify countermeasures to deal with climate change-induced curing conditions.

Carbon dioxide ocean and ground storage as a method of climate change mitigation

Global warming-induced climate change is one of the significant civilisation threats of the modern times. Human-induced enhanced global warming, via the greenhouse effect resulting from high carbon dioxide emissions, poses a substantial danger to the environment we live in. Consequences of global warming can be devastating for the present, but mainly for the future generations. This paper reviews the negative impacts of global warming on our environment, and two still innovative methods of reducing atmospheric concentrations of CO2. The methods discussed in the paper would allow the storage of anthropogenic CO2 originating from large sources of emission, either in the oceans or in the underground geological structures. The Carbon dioxide Capture and Storage method presented is technologically feasible, many of them being demonstrated in different parts of the world. The paper discusses their positive and negative aspects, along with the ability to mitigate against the climate changes.