"The end of jobs" has become a euphemism for the dramatic changes in the way work is organized and managed. Students of labor history appreciate that the new model of work management represents an abrupt turnaround in our work philosophy and belief system. We have to go back to the 1890s—the beginning of the Industrial Age-to find a comparable period of change. With the first factories came the problem of how to supervise large groups of workers. The work management paradigm that emerged then prevailed largely unchanged for the next century. In the 1990s, new methods of organizing work and managing and rewarding workers are emerging to meet the business challenges of global competition and technological change. The challenge for human resources professionals is to develop the expertise to know when and how to apply the new methods.