Global System For Mobile Communications Network Research Articles

A modified cost-231-hata path loss model for typical semi-urban environments in Nigeria

Outdoor path loss propagation modeling is critical in the planning and design of the coverage area by the Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM). For the best prediction of GSM signal at any location within its coverage region, an accurate forecast based on critical characteristics and a mathematical model is necessary. Multiple studies on path loss propagation model prediction for GSM networks conducted at various semi-urban environments in Nigeria proclaimed that propagation path loss models may provide different results when utilized in environments other than those in which they were initially designed, that car drive-test methodology was used during the data collection, and that COST-231-Hata model provides closet prediction to the practical measure values. This paper created an appropriate path loss model based on the COST-23-Hata model and outdoor measurement at 1800 MHz frequency range for the semi-urban area of Kwara State, Nigeria. The created model was used and validated with the measured data and COST-231-Hata model at other different semi-urban environments in Nigeria. The results analysis shows that the created model performed satisfactorily given the closet path loss prediction to the practical measure path loss values at all the study locations. It also gives the lowest Square Root Means Error (SRME) and Standard Deviation (SD) in all the base stations that were tested in semi-urban environments. The newly created model would therefore be more appropriate for GSM 1800 network design and installation in semi-urban environments in Kwara State, Nigeria, as well as any other semi-urban locations in Nigeria.

Vehicle Theft Detection and Tracking Based on GSM and GPS

Abstract: The increasing incidence of vehicle theft poses a significant challenge to vehicle owners and law enforcement agencies worldwide. This paper presents a comprehensive solution for addressing this issue through the integration of Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) and Global Positioning System (GPS) technologies. The proposed system aims to enhance the security of vehicles by providing real-time theft detection and efficient tracking capabilities. The GSM module facilitates communication between the vehicle and a centralized monitoring system, allowing forseamless data transmission. The system leverages the widespread coverage and reliability of GSM networks to ensure that alerts are promptly delivered to relevant stakeholders, irrespective of the vehicle's location. Furthermore, the GPS technology enables real-time tracking of the stolen vehicle, assisting law enforcement agencies in swiftly responding to the incident. The system's tracking feature provides continuous updates on the vehicle's location, allowing for efficient recovery operations. Additionally, the integration of geofencing capabilities allows users to define virtual boundaries, triggering alerts if the vehicle deviates from the predefined geographical area. The proposed system offers a multi-layered security approach, combining GPS-based tracking with GSMenabled theft detection, making it a robust and effective solution for combating vehicle theft. The integration of these technologies not only enhances the chances of recovering stolen vehicles but also acts as a deterrent, discouraging potential thieves. In conclusion, the Vehicle Theft Detection and Tracking System presented in this paper showcases a technologically advanced and practical solution to mitigate the impact of vehicle theft. The integration of GSM and GPS technologies provides a comprehensive and reliable framework that addresses the security concerns associated with vehicle ownership in today's dynamic environment.

Prototipo de red GSM basada en SDR

This paper presents the implementation of a GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) network prototype based on SDR (Software Defined Radio) using the Linux-based OpenBTS software and the USRP (Universal Software Radio Peripheral) hardware. GSM has been chosen because it is one of the most successful standards with the most significant impact on the mobile telephony ecosystem. It has been the key to the development of subsequent generations. By integrating GSM with SDR, it is possible to implement a prototype of an experimental GSM network, which can become a testbed for future innovations and developments in SDR dynamics that seek to provide alternative mobile infrastructures to rural populations in Ecuador and around the word that they still are part of the great digital divide.

A hybrid spectrum opportunities extraction scheme for cognitive wireless communication

A realistic and credible model capable of forecasting spectrum occupancy patterns of primary users (PU) needs to be developed to improve the functioning of cognitive radio networks (CRNs) in terms of the spectrum decision process. This will result in more efficient utilization of spectrum resources and the creation of a cognitive radio network. The goal of this study is to design an adaptive spectrum extraction decision mechanism for CRNs to increase the efficiency of spectrum usage. This was accomplished by predicting channel vacancy durations (CVDs) which were generated from measured spectrum consumption data for reverse links of global system for mobile communication (GSM) 900/1800 bands using the long short-term memory (LSTM) approach. Subsequently, an analysis of spatial opportunities of co-existing primary and secondary users within the GSM network was carried out. The potential for secondary users’ communication in the vicinity of the primary user without violating the set carrier-to-interference ratio was equally evaluated. Finally, an algorithm for the spectrum extraction decision process by a secondary user (SU) was developed. The algorithm's performance was measured in terms of primary user interference probability and spectrum utilization increase. MATLAB2018b and EXCEL 2016 were used to do the simulation. The root mean-square error (RMSE) of the CVD prediction for GSM 900 RL and 1800 RL per 60-minute observation period was 2.964 and 2.791 minutes, respectively. The estimated spatial opportunities for primary and secondary systems range from 14.29% to 28.57% for defined areas and around 9% for random places. Thus, primary user interference probability (PUIP) decreased by more than four fold and spectrum utilization increased by up to 50%.

Innovative Research on English Teaching Model Based on Artificial Intelligence and Wireless Communication

It is a network system for teaching English through a wireless communication (WC) premised distance teaching system. This is a process of education that is capable of encouraging students’ concerns to acquire knowledge voluntarily. The paper is designed to develop and implement an online intelligent English training system using artificial intelligence (AI) that helps students improve their English learning efficiency in line with knowledge and personality. The system’s numerous sensor nodes may create a variety of topologies. The gathered information is transmitted over the global system for mobile communication (GSM) network to the user interface. The operator can manage the remote sensor node via the GSM network. Nevertheless, there are certain derivative aspects such as the absence of verbal judgment, the actual evaluation and signaling system, the interactive educational platform teachers and learners need. The paper is based on the above issues. It contains a whole talk-based system where teachers, students, and English teaching can be revised together — AIWC (ET-AIWC) systems are designed to improve and advance the genetic algorithm based on an encoding technique for dynamic parameter adjustment of the iterative process based on these problems. In combination with an AI expert system, suitable learning techniques were created to enable students to double the learning effect by half the amount of work. An online teaching assistant system was designed to monitor, regulate, and engage with students throughout the learning process and a modified scoring system that provides real-time evaluation of student speakers to improve students’ oral competence in English better and more efficiently, achieving 95.2%.

Quality of service and RF optimization of GSM-based cellular mobile networks

The increased growth of Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) networks is not without challenges such as dropped or blocked calls, poor internet access, occasional service outages, and network congestions among other poor service challenges. This paper investigated and analysed the performance of GSM networks for optimization of Quality of Service (QoS) at Malete, Kwara State. Due to the inability to make calls, poor data service, network congestions, etc., 2G, 3G and 4G drive test analyses were conducted and a questionnaire method was adopted to compare customer feedbacks with the test results. Key Performance Indicators (KPI) and parameters such as Call Setup Success Rate (CSSR), Call Completion Rate (CCR), Call Drop Rate (CDR), and Call Handover Success Rate (CHSR) were considered and investigated. The data collected through Test Mobile System (TEMS) software were analyzed using map info professional to identify the cause of these problems with a view to providing efficient and effective solutions to the problems. Destitute network and QoS performance were encountered in some parts of the research area and parametric optimization was given as a way of improving the network performance for better QoS, reception, revenue generation and economic growth.

Adopting MQTT for a multi protocols IoMT system

<span>Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) altered the way of caregiving and the new pandemic forced the health systems to adopt new treatment protocols in which remote follow-up is essential. This paper introduces a proposed system to link a remote healthcare unit as it is inside the hospital. Two different network protocols; a global system for mobile communication (GSM) and Wi-Fi were used to simulate the heath data transfer from the two different geographical locations, using Raspberry Pi development board and Microcontroller units. Message queuing telemetry transport (MQTT) protocol was employed to transfer the measured data from the healthcare unit to the hospital’s Gateway. The gateway is used to route the aggregated health data from healthcare units to the hospital server, doctors’ dashboards, and the further processing. The system was successfully implemented and tested, where the experimental tests show that the remote healthcare units using a GSM network consumed about 900 mWh. A high percentage of success data packets transfer was recorded within the network framework as it reaches 99.89% with an average round trip time (RTT) of 7.5 milliseconds and a data transfer rate up to 12.3 kbps.</span>

A comparative assessment of GSM and UMTS Networks

It is common knowledge that the transition of mobile networks from one generation to another is basically for the improvement in the network’s Quality of Service (QoS). Bearing this in mind, we will assumme that the Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) will outperform the Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM), hence, the motivation to conduct this study in Calabar, Nigeria, for four mobile networks; MTN, Airtel, Globacom and 9mobile. With the aid of a TEMS investigation software installed in a laptop, a measurement campaign was carried out and log files collected, with focus on Call Setup Success Rate (CSSR), Dropped Call Rate (DCR), Handover Success Rate (HOSR), Call Setup Time (CST), network coverage and network quality. The collected data was analyzed with the aid of a TEMS discovery software. The analyzed data for each Key Performance Indicator (KPI) was compared with the minimum benchmark of the telecommunications regulatory body, the Nigerian Communication Commission (NCC). Result reveal that there was no outright improvement in the QoS and there was fluctuation in the QoS provided by the network operators. We therefore conclude that the network operators, either did not make accurate planning before installing their base stations or do not optimize their networks frequently and this led to poor QoS in most cases.

A Novel Portable Real-Time Low-Cost Sleep Apnea Monitoring System based on the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) Network.

Background and objectiveContinuous monitoring of breathing activity plays a vital role in the detection of respiratory-based diseases (SA, COPD, etc.). Sleep Apnea (SA) is characterized by recurrent upper airway obstruction during sleep associated with arterial blood desaturation, sympathetic nervous system activation, and cardiovascular impairment. Untreated patients with SA have increased mortality rates compared to the general population. This study aims to design a remote monitoring system for sleep apnea to ensure patient safety and ease the workload of doctors in the Covid-19 era.MethodsThis study aims to design a remote monitoring system for sleep apnea to ensure patient safety and ease the workload of doctors. Our study focuses on a novel portable real-time low-cost sleep apnea monitoring system utilizing the GSM network (GSM Shield Sim900a). Proposed system is a remote monitoring and patient tracking system to detect the apnea event in real time, and to provide information of the sleep position, pulse, and respiratory and oxygen saturation to the medical specialists (SpO2) by establishing a direct contact. As soon as an abnormal condition is detected in the light of these parameters, the condition is reported (instant or in the form of short reports after sleep) to the patient relatives, the doctor’s mobile telephone or to the emergency medical centers (EMCs) through a GSM network to handle the case depending on the patient’s emergency condition.ResultsA study group was formed of six patients for monitoring apnea events (three males and three females) between the ages of 20 and 60. The patients in the study group have sleep apnea (SA) in different grades. All the apnea events were detected, and all the patients were successfully alerted. Also, the patient parameters were successfully sent to all patient relatives. Patients who could not get out of apnea were called through the CALL feature, and they were informed about their ongoing apnea event and told that intervention was necessary. The proposed system is tested on six patients. The beginning moment of apnea was successfully detected and the SMS/CALL feature was successfully activated without delay. During the testing, it has been observed that while some of the patients start breathing after the first SMS, some others needed the second or the third SMS. According to the measurement result, the maximum breathless time is 46 s among the patients, and a SMS is sent every 15 s. In addition, in cases where the patient was breathless for a long time, the CALL feature was actively sought from the relatives of the patient and enabled him to intervene. The proposed monitoring system could be used in both clinical and home settings.ConclusionsThe monitoring of a patient in real time allows to intervene in any unexpected circumstances about the patient. The proposed work uses an acceleration sensor as a reliable method of the sleep apnea for monitoring and prevention. The developed device is more economical, comfortable, and convenient than existing systems not only for the patients but also for the doctors. The patients can easily use this device in their home environment, so which could yield a more comfortable, easy to use, cost-effective, and long-term breathing monitoring system for healthcare applications.Graphical abstract

Water level monitoring system using GSM network

Unexpected water shortages are common, especially in densely populated areas and homes. Water supply is carried out from a reservoir located on the roof of the building. Apparently, there is no early warning system that allows monitoring of the water level in the tank at a critical level. This situation occurs when there is no one to monitor the water level. People face such problems when the need for water is greater and when there is a large crowd of people. This paper proposes a solution for a water monitoring system using a Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) network to avoid such manual control problems. In this prototype, a water level message will be sent to a person whose mobile phone is connected to the GSM network so that the water level in the tank can be monitored and known. The pumping system automatically switches off when the water reaches its maximum level.

A real time series forcasting for a signal loss in a multipath antenna system using convolutionary networks

This study presents propagation measurements of the fifth generation long-term evolution (5G LTE) network using Huawei Technologies drive test equipment. Measurements were taken from five transmitting evolved node base stations (eNodeBs) located along five major routes in Osogbo, Nigeria, at an operating frequency of 1800MHz. An empirical model was developed for planning and optimizing Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) networks which address the poor quality of services provided by GSM service providers in Osogbo town. The average path losses predicted are 80.10dB, 74.27dB, 80.89, 80.65dB and 82.30dB, while the measured are 75.70, 70.20, 78.30, 79.12 and 76.10, respectively. However, according to R. Rakesh 2012, the acceptable range between measure and predicted result lies between 1 ≤ PL≤ 20dB. Therefore, the average values obtained vary between 2 to 7dB, within the acceptable range. Therefore, it can be concluded that the modified model developed from the Log-Normal shadowing model can be useful to GSM network service providers for planning and optimization their services in Osogbo, Nigeria. The study recommends that Nigerian Communication Commission (NCC), which is the regulatory body, mandate the GSM service providers in the country to experimentally test their desired scientific model to ascertain its practicability at the planning stage before the release of the operating license.

A real-time series forecasting for a signal loss in a multipath antenna system using convolutionary networks

This study presents propagation measurements of the fifth generation long-term evolution (5G LTE) network using Huawei Technologies drive test equipment. Measurements were taken from five transmitting evolved node base stations (eNodeBs) located along five major routes in Osogbo, Nigeria, at an operating frequency of 1800MHz. An empirical model was developed for planning and optimizing Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) networks which address the poor quality of services provided by GSM service providers in Osogbo town. The average path losses predicted are 80.10dB, 74.27dB, 80.89, 80.65dB and 82.30dB, while the measured are 75.70, 70.20, 78.30, 79.12 and 76.10, respectively. However, according to R. Rakesh 2012, the acceptable range between measure and predicted result lies between 1 ≤ PL≤ 20dB. Therefore, the average values obtained vary between 2 to 7dB, within the acceptable range. Therefore, it can be concluded that the modified model developed from the Log-Normal shadowing model can be useful to GSM network service providers for planning and optimization their services in Osogbo, Nigeria. The study recommends that Nigerian Communication Commission (NCC), which is the regulatory body, mandate the GSM service providers in the country to experimentally test their desired scientific model to ascertain its practicability at the planning stage before the release of the operating license.

Design of a STS Electrical Energy Meter with Two-Way Communications Capability over GSM Network

A STS (System Transfer Specification) energy meter with an embedded solution for two-way communications over Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), was designed and simulated with Proteus. This meter should be able to report any tampering attempt on the customer’s meter, by sending an SMS (Short Message Service) via Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) as regards energy theft from the point of theft to an automated meter management station. Every meter is part of an automated metering management network, which is a scaled down version of a conventional Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI). This research provides an additional capability to STS energy Meters. The additional two-way communications capability of the Energy Meter is implemented with the addition of a GSM module to a conventional STS meter. The additional functionality to the STS meter real-time reporting was achieved by adding a GSM module to its design.

Modeling and Development of a Novel Quality of Service Prediction Model for Global System for Mobile Communications Network using Artificial Neural Networks

Quality of service (QoS) performance evaluation is an essential indicator in determining the efficiency of services rendered by an industry. Comparison of some key performance indicators with standard threshold values has been a major approach for determining QoS of Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) in Nigeria. This comparative approach, which usually involves human involvement is prone to error. Thus, an automatic artificial neural networks (ANN) predictive QoS model was developed in the study presented in this paper. In carrying out the study, five key performance indicators (KPIs) data were collected form the GSM operator used. The collected KPIs parameters were used to develop a mathematical model that was transformed into the proposed automatic QoS predicted model using ANN. The developed QoS prediction model when evaluated was found to be accuracy and performed favorably well when compared with the manual approach being used by the Nigerian Communications Commission. The developed automatic QoS prediction model for this study is thus suggested as a better replacement for the current manual method based on its accuracy and non-human involvement in predicting QoS of GSM network investigated.

Arduino Based Embedded System and Remote Access Technologies of Environmental Variables Monitoring

An embedded system is an applied computer system that is built to control a range of functions. A brief discussion of embedded systems is presented. Remote access technology is the ability to control aspects of a manufacturing process from any location. Sensors are devices which can measure a physical quantity and convert it into a signal. It is described an Arduino-based embedded system for monitoring environmental variables. One solution is the control of the different environmental variables through a website. The website displays monitoring data to the user on a 24-hour line chart. Another solution is the remote access to be based on the GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) network. Theory explains the use of Arduino microcontroller, the use of sensors and how they are used in embedded systems.

Flood disaster indicator of water level monitoring system

The early warning systems for flood management have been developed rapidly with the growth of technologies. These system help to alert people early with the used of Short Message Service (SMS) via Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM). This paper presents a simple, portable and low cost of early warning system using Arduino board, which is used to control the whole system and GSM shields to send the data. System has been designed and implemented based on two components which is hardware and software. The model determines the water level using float switch sensors, then it analyzes the collected data and determine the type of danger present. The detected level is translated into an alert message and sent to the user. The GSM network is used to connect the overall system units via SMS.

Towards Security of GSM Voice Communication

Global system for mobile communication (GSM) is widely used digital mobile service around the world. Although GSM was designed as a secure wireless system, it is now vulnerable to different targeted attacks. There is a need to address security domains especially the confidentiality of communication. This paper presents a novel framework for end to end secure voice communication over the GSM networks using encryption algorithm AES-256. A special Modem and speech coding technique are designed to enable the transmission of encrypted speech using GSM voice channel. To the best of our knowledge, this is first solution that uses single codebook for transmission of secure voice. An efficient low bit-rate (1.9 kbps) speech coder is also designed for use with the proposed modulation scheme for optimal results. Different speech characteristics such as pitch, energy and line spectral frequencies are extracted and preserved before compression and encryption of speech. Previously, the best achieved data rate was 1.6 kbps with three codebooks, whilst the proposed approach achieves 2 kbps with 0% bit error rate. The empirical results show that the methodology can be used for real time applications to transmit encrypted voice using GSM network.

Analysis of a Control System for DFIG Wind Generators Based on the Transmission of Power References through a GSM Wireless Network: A Smart Grid Experimental Approach

This work proposes the use of the automatic Short Message Service (SMS) of a Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) network to transmit the control information to a Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) of a wind turbine, according to the Smart Grid (SG) concept. In the proposed strategy, the Control Center (CC) can remotely transmit the required power references (active and reactive) to the DFIG controller, in order to manage the power generation of the wind turbine dynamically. The proposed wireless network was developed in a Software Defined Radio (SDR) transceiver connected to an OpenBTS platform. The control information can be directly inserted in the Open Base Transceiver Station (OpenBTS) server (located at the CC) or sent by a wireless device (e.g., mobile phone) connected to the GSM network, and then transmitted to the wireless receiver at the wind turbine. The receiver on the turbine side was developed in a microcontroller board with a GSM card, and the DFIG controller was implemented in a Digital Signal Processor (DSP) board. The results of the tests showed that the DFIG can be satisfactorily controlled according to the power references, considering that they vary at low rates.

Design and Development of Secure Mobile Communication over GSM Network Using Open Source Operating System (OS)

With the rapidly advancing technology of today, exchange of information and data is a very pertinent matter. The world has just recently witnessed the effects of information leakage through the issue of WikiLeaks. There are huge amounts of data being shared over different platforms nowadays. Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) is one of the most reliable platforms known to and used by almost all people in the world for text as well as voice communication. With the tools like Android Studio and NetBeans available, it is now possible to encrypt the text that has to be sent over the GSM, so that it can be decrypted at the other end of the communication path. However, the encryption and decryption of voice being transmitted over the GSM network still remains a question. In the domain of real time voice encryption, much of the work being carried out pertains to the voice being exchanged through the Internet Protocol. As compared to the Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), voice over the GSM network has not seen much research work related to its security aspects. The purpose of this paper is to document the results of a project aimed at developing a platform for mobile phones in order to communicate over the GSM network in a secure manner. The most suitable method for achieving the above mentioned objective is to use an open source Operating System (OS), so that the source code is easily accessible and usable. In this paper, the Android OS will be under discussion, which is compatible with all the Android mobile phones. In this way, the maximum number of mobile phone users can be benefitted because Android cell phones are being widely used nowadays. The use of cryptographic algorithms for securing the voice communication over the GSM network is also a part of this paper. The work revolves around the Java programming language since the Android application development has been carried out in Java through the use of Android Studio. Also, NetBeans has been employed for developing algorithms for voice encryption

Implementation of a Remote Control and Monitoring System in Assembly Processes with Industrial Robot Kawasaki Rs003 Through the GSM Network in the Industrial Automation Laboratory of the Faculty of Mechanics

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