Global Strategic Alliances Research Articles

DEVELOPMENT OF THE GLOBAL AIR TRANSPORTATION MARKET IN CONDITIONS OF TURBULENCE

The purpose of the article is to develop and substantiate the strategic priorities of international cooperation of air transport enterprises of Ukraine in war and post-war times based on the study of turbulence factors affecting the activity of the global air transport market, as well as the analysis of the strategic development of the world's largest airlines in crisis conditions. The methodological basis of the research is scientific theories of economic cycles and crises, theories of market equilibrium, theories of market structures, theories of cooperation and integration. Both general scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge were used – historical-logical, descriptive-analytical, analysis and synthesis, methods of quantitative and qualitative comparisons. The informational basis of the article is monographic studies and periodical publications of Ukrainian and foreign economists, analytical reports of international aviation organizations, international consulting companies and analytical centres. The article examines the essence, structure and modern trends in the development of the global air transport market. Turbulence factors affecting the dynamics of air transport are identified and justified, including geopolitical instability, economic downturns, rising fuel prices, pandemics, technological innovations etc. The impact of crises on international air transportation was assessed, and the peculiarities of the regulation of the world air market were considered. The role of global strategic alliances in the formation of the world market of air transportation is determined, it is established that international cooperation of air transport enterprises allows to increase the market share. The results of the research made it possible to justify the strategic priorities of international cooperation of air transport enterprises of Ukraine in war and post-war times. Research results can be used for scientific justification and further creation of proper conditions for the effective functioning of the global air transport market, as well as in the development of new strategies for air transport enterprises of Ukraine, which will allow them to remain stable and competitive in conditions of uncertainty and growing threats.

국제화 동인이 해외시장에서의 전략과 성과 관계에 미치는 영향

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to examine the differences in overseas expansion strategies and performance for Chinese export companies according to internationalization drivers. Design/Methodology/Approach - This study conducted a questionnaire survey after deriving a research model and research hypothesis based on the research purpose presented above. We then conducted an empirical analysis based on the collected questionnaire. In the analysis process, the hypothesis was verified using multi-group analysis after verifying the reliability and validity of the measurement tool. Findings - To summarize the research results, first, it was found that companies with strong internationalization drivers have a stronger impact on management performance via global marketing strategies, strategic alliances, and levels of integration than companies with weak internationalization drivers. Second, in the case of incremental internationalization companies, companies with weak internationalization drivers had a stronger impact on management performance than companies with strong internationalization drivers. Research Implications - The implications of this study are that first, global marketing strategies have foreign costs in uncertain overseas markets, and this study found that these foreign costs can be supplemented through the combination of other strategies. In other words, this suggests that Chinese companies need to combine direct investment, such as cooperation with local partners or the establishment of overseas sales companies, in order to maximize the standardization strategy. Second, when the driving force for internationalization is weak, gradual internationalization is required. This is because the more negative the overseas market economy, the lower the risk probability through the continuous accumulation of experience.

Unveiling the impact of foreign investment entry in industrial clusters: the case of Castelló and Sassuolo

ABSTRACT This paper explores the impact of foreign investment, through acquisitions and mergers of local firms, on leading industrial clusters. While previous research has highlighted the increasing involvement of cluster firms in internationalization and knowledge globalization, the role of foreign investment requires further investigation. Power asymmetries between MNEs and partner firms are prevalent in global value chains, joint ventures, and strategic alliances, shaping the contemporary global economy. By analysing two clusters specialized in ceramic tile production (Castelló, Spain, and Sassuolo, Italy), this study aims to evaluate the impact of foreign investment on leading clusters, specifically distinguishing between multinational enterprises (MNEs) and investment funds. The research examines the perceived effects through a qualitative analysis, capturing the subjective impressions of local actors involved in acquired firms, independent local firms, technological suppliers, and supporting institutions. This paper contributes to the literature by addressing contradictory findings and providing insights into the balance between knowledge absorption and spillovers from MNEs or investment funds to local firms.

한미동맹의 변화와 발전

Marking 70th anniversary of the Armistice Agreement and ROK-US alliance in 2023, this article aims to look back on the development of the alliance and contextualize Yoon Suk Yeol and Biden administration’s recent efforts in strengthening the alliance. In particular, this article focuses on mapping strategic continuity as well as changes embedded in Yoon administration’s ‘global comprehensive strategic alliance.’ This article also delves into strategic implications and progress in Yoon administration’s efforts to promote ‘conventional-nuclear integration(CNI)’ in strengthening US’s extended deterrence commitments. The article is structured as follows. First, building upon previous literatures on the ROK-US alliance, the article analyzes the impact of recent Trump administration on the cohesion of the ROK-US alliance, and how current Yoon-Biden administration has worked to reverse the effects. Second, the article highlights how ROK-US alliance envisions horizontal and vertical deepening of the alliance under the strategic concept of global comprehensive strategic alliance. Third, the article delves into the evolution of ROK-US extended deterrence and implications of CNI. Lastly, the article concludes with alliance’s tasks ahead, with particular emphasis on possible return of Trump administration and its implications on the alliance.

The Role of Technological Innovation on the Effect of International Strategic Alliances on Corporate Competitiveness in Jordanian International Business Administration: Moderating and Mediating Analysis

Within the context of Jordanian international business management, the current study explores the subtle relationships between global strategic alliances (ISA), corporate competitiveness (CC), and technological innovation (TI). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) is used to assess the interaction between these variables as well as the mediation and moderation effects. Utilizing a sample size of 350 individuals who occupy professional, management, and decision-making roles in Jordanian businesses engaged in international commerce, the research article shows notable and significant positive associations. The results of the path analysis show a strong relationship between global strategic alliances (ISA) and both corporate competitiveness (CC) and technological innovation (TI). This shows that ISA is essential in fostering innovation inside organizations and developing competitive strategies. Additionally, this study looks at the connection between corporate competitiveness (CC) and technical innovation (TI), finding a very strong one. This emphasizes how important technological advancement is in enhancing a company's ability to compete. The model's mediating and moderating effects are the focus of the study's most important findings. The results provide solid support for the mediating role, indicating that the correlations between ISA, TI, and CC are interrelated and have an impact on one another. Furthermore, the findings of this study demonstrate a noteworthy moderation effect, suggesting the existence of external factors that exert an influence on the associations between these variables. This research provides valuable perspectives on the intricacies of global strategic partnerships, technical advancements, and corporate competitiveness within the realm of international business administration in Jordan. Through the elucidation of the complex interconnections and fundamental mechanisms, this research endeavour enhances our understanding of the influence of these factors on the competitive strategies and innovation endeavours of organisations.

Exploring Critical Success Factors of Competence-Based Synergy in Strategic Alliances: The Renault–Nissan–Mitsubishi Strategic Alliance

This paper aims to unbundle the antecedents of competence-based synergy in the strategic alliance formation process by employing the ARCTIC framework. The current research provides a new empirical application of the ARCTIC framework to reveal the success factors of reciprocal synergies of the Renault–Nissan–Mitsubishi strategic alliance in the automotive industry. By taking a resource-based view on the sources of competitive advantage, the current paper contributes to theoretical and practical issues of global strategic alliances as part of the existing literature on strategic management, international business, and corporate finance. By bridging qualitative and quantitative research methods, the paper provides validity to the ARCTIC framework with an application of the real option valuation. A conceptual model of research helps practitioners and scholars to explore critical success factors of alliance formation and to predict a competence-based synergy of strategic alliances. Future research may explore the institutional context of strategic alliances, specifically, exploring the impact of the French and Japanese governments on the Renault–Nissan–Mitsubishi alliance’s synergies.

Market Concentration and its Impact on Liner Shipping in Ghana

Ever since the introduction of ocean liner shipping in the maritime trade industry, there has been a great and positive impact on the maritime industry in terms of trade. Liner shipping lines enjoy degrees of antitrust immunity in various parts of the world. With about 400 liner shipping lines presently and still counting the industry experiences very high concentration in the market. Few of the liner shipping lines occupy a maximum portion of the industry’s market shares whereas the remaining occupy very less or insignificant market shares. In order to survive the oligopolistic nature and concentration of the market, firms seek to cooperative agreements where they are able to share assets and in some cases go as far as merging. Mergers and acquisitions involve the risk of high cost of investment therefore it is not always the option for the relative smaller firms as a means of increasing market shares, but this cannot be said for the larger firms. Consortia, and global strategic alliances do not require such investment. These cooperative agreements rather help member firms to utilize assets and enjoy economies of scale and as a result increase firm growth. Liner shipping lines also as a means of increasing market shares, decrease freight rates and offer value added services to their customers.

Nordson Announces Global Strategic Alliance with Zoomlion Group

Nordson Announces Global Strategic Alliance with Zoomlion Group

Institutions, small local firms’ strategies, and global alliances in sub-Saharan Africa emerging markets

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to respond to the call of international marketing professionals for more studies on strategies that firms use in response to the complexities of interacting with other institutions in the emerging markets (EMs) of sub-Saharan Africa. The key research question investigated by employing the exploratory qualitative data gathered is: What strategies and global alliances do small local firms (SLFs) in Nigeria adopt to succeed under complex market conditions?Design/methodology/approachThe methodology employed is exploratory qualitative research. The authors conducted extended interviews to generate rich case study data from the top management of the selected SLFs in Nigeria. The interview data were assessed using open, axial and selective coding to uncover macro-narratives that guide SLFs’ strategies and global alliances.FindingsThe macro-narratives derived from the qualitative case analysis reveal a theoretical framework centered on three major elements of competitive strategies in Nigeria: build global capacity and strategic alliances from the get-go; develop local strategic alliances; master matching alliance partners’ needs to create innovative payment plans and, when necessary, shift the transaction cost burden to alliance partners. Matching theory rather than traditional network theories is better at explicating SLFs’ alliances in Nigeria. Implementation of these strategies requires flexible strategic initiatives.Originality/valueThe study adapts institutional interaction theory, network theory, matching alliance perspective, trade credit theories and the literature on small firms’ strategies in EMs to explicate successful small local firm strategies and global alliances under complex market conditions in Nigeria. The recognition that SLFs regularly migrate and shift the burden of transactions’ cost to multiple stakeholders in the supply network by matching customers and supplier needs is important. The discovery of matching theory in explicating SLFs’ global alliances in Nigeria is unique to this study.

Between promise and performance: Science and technology policy implementation through network governance

AbstractThis research analyzes the effects of US science and technology policy on the technological performance of organizations in a global strategic alliance network. During the mid-1980s, the US semiconductor industry appeared to be collapsing. Industry leaders and policymakers moved to support and protect US firms by creating a program called Sematech. While many scholars regard Sematech as a success, how the program succeeded remains unclear. This study re-contextualizes Sematech as a network administrative organization which lowered cooperation costs and enhanced resource combination for innovation at the cutting edge. This study combines network analysis and longitudinal regression techniques to test the effects of public policy on organizational network position and technological performance in an unbalanced panel of semiconductor firms between 1986 and 2001. This research suggests that governments might achieve policy through inter-organizational innovations aimed at the development and administration of robust governance networks.

Drivers do desempenho internacional de empresas de base tecnológica (EBTs) brasileiras

Para as Empresas de Base Tecnológica (EBTs), a expansão internacional representa uma oportunidade de crescimento e de criação de valor. Diante disso, o presente estudo destinou-se a analisar o papel dos influenciadores de internacionalização no desempenho internacional de EBTs. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa descritiva, de abordagem quantitativa, operacionalizada por meio de uma survey. A coleta de dados se deu juntamente a 53 EBTs brasileiras localizadas em ambientes de inovação. Tais dados foram analisados por meio de técnica estatística multivariada e com os resultados obtidos, contatou-se que os determinantes do desempenho internacional das empresas analisadas, podem ser definidos pelos influenciadores de internacionalização externos (localização em ecossistemas de inovação; integração a cadeias produtivas globais; parcerias e alianças estratégicas para inovação e políticas governamentais) e internos (capacidade de inovação, orientação para o mercado internacional e habilidades de marketing internacional).

How have Japanese multinational companies changed? Competitiveness, management and subsidiaries

Evidence on the strategies and capabilities of Japanese multinational companies (MNCs) and their subsidiaries points to aspects of established management practices (typically home-grown) that complicate or inhibit adaptation to the demands of global competition since the 1990s. Japanese MNCs have had to respond, amongst other trends, to the switch from production to buyer-driven global value chains, cross-border vertical specialization, global factory strategies and strategic alliances and cooperative relationships. Amongst the factors that might affect the ability of Japanese MNCs to make competitive and organizational transitions are: parental MNC intent and capability in the cross-border transfer of management practices; the impact of host country risk on investment, ownership and entry strategies; measures of institutional difference and the gap in economic development between home and host nations; parent firm–subsidiary and subsidiary–subsidiary power relations and knowledge boundaries; and the evolution of insider networks that might overcome institutional and cultural distances within an MNC.

Knowledge Acquisition in the Global Strategic Alliance Network

This paper aims to empirically examine how shipping companies can effectively acquire knowledge from their strategic alliance partners. This paper adopts cooperative network embeddedness mechanism, such as network density and tie closeness, as a channel through which to acquire more knowledge for shipping participants within a strategic alliance network. This study also examines the moderating role of competition between alliance partners in reinforcing the effectiveness of the cooperative relationships on the knowledge acquisition. Based on the literature, hypotheses to predict the aforementioned associations between cooperative network embeddedness and knowledge acquisition and the moderating role of competition in facilitating that association are established. A quantitative research method using survey data conducted in the Korean shipping industry was employed in order to empirically test the presented hypotheses. The results show that if players in a shipping alliance network are embedded in a dense network and have close relationships with their alliance partners, this helps to facilitate a greater degree of knowledge acquisition from the partners; and the impact of network density on the knowledge acquisition would be intensified with the higher level of competition between shipping companies.

Operational efficiency of Asia–Pacific airports

Airports are important drivers of economic development and thus under tremendous pressure from emerging competitors. However, few studies have analysed the operational efficiency of Asia–Pacific airports. This study therefore evaluated the operational efficiency of 21 Asia–Pacific airports between 2002 and 2011. A two-stage method was used: Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to assess airport efficiency, followed by the second-stage regression analysis to identify the key determinants of airport efficiency. The first-stage DEA results indicated that Adelaide, Beijing, Brisbane, Hong Kong, Melbourne, and Shenzhen are the efficient airports. The second-stage regression analysis suggested that percentage of international passengers handled by an airport, airport hinterland population size, dominant airline(s) of an airport when entering global airline strategic alliance, and an increase in GDP per capita are significant in explaining variations in airport efficiency.

DOES PERTAINING TO A GLOBAL STRATEGIC ALLIANCE IMPROVE THE BOTTOM LINE?

This study researched whether pertaining to a global strategic alliance brought significant benefits to the ‘bottom line’ of allied airlines. The study used two groups: a group of airlines which had joined one of three global alliances against a control group of airlines which had not joined any alliances. The research compared the net return of those two groups before and after airlines joined their alliances (or equivalent measure), as well as their relative net performance both in the short-term and in a longer term. Results showed a sensible deterioration in net profitability for the alliance group and a perceptible improvement in net profitability for the nonalliance group. The latter also differed from the former in having a positive relative net performance in the short-term.

Building global strategic alliances in the virtual space: a structural analysis of international nonprofit and nongovernmental organizations' transnational relationship networks

This study provides a benchmark analysis of how over 500 environmental international nonprofit and nongovernmental organizations (INGOs) used websites to communicate with the general public around the world and build virtual relationships with their strategic allies. Using social network analysis and data mining, this study found that INGOs were able to attract a considerable number of visitors from multiple countries. In addition, INGOs used their hyperlinks to build a globally connected network. Shared mission was an important consideration in INGOs' relationship building strategy. Further, many INGOs built reciprocal hyperlinks with other INGOs. A large number of INGOs were well embedded in in-groups but developed less connection with out-group organizations. Implications for practice, future research and theory building are discussed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Eurozone Debt Crises Versus New Opportunities for Global Internet Banking Collaboration and Strategic Alliances in the EU and Balkan Countries

Today internet banking is an alternative delivery channel developed by using internet to offer banking services. International banking sector started to use the internet not only as an innovative payment method to increase customer convenience, but also as a way to reduce costs and enhance profits.It is observed that the retail markets have remained essentially national/local and internet banking is gaining wider public acceptance in the EU. Internet banking activities continue to increase in the EU region through the opportunities internet provides for the banking sector as well as its low cost benefits for banks. This paper examines internet banking in the context of the banking sector which has a great importance due to its big effect on the economy of the EU and Balkan countries.Debt-induced economic austerity is destroying the European banking sector which derives no benefit from the borrowed billions but must now make great sacrifices to bail out. In this study, the potential risk of the Sub-Prime banking crisis into a sovereign debt one in Euro area countries is investigated. Nevertheless, the serious threats, which concern Greece and Italy, do not permit us to exclude the occurrence of contagious sovereign debt crises in Euro area in the future. There will be economic pain if the Greeks continue with the euro and there will be economic pain if the Greeks leave the euro.

The influence of strategic airline alliances in passenger transportation on carbon intensity

International aviation is growing rapidly and held responsible to contribute to about 2.5% of the global anthropogenic CO 2 emissions. In answer to the increasing public and political awareness of aviation’s influence on Climate Change, from 2012 the European Union aims to include air traffic on their territory into the existing EU Emission Trading Scheme . Beside the various measures airlines can take to improve carbon intensity of their activities, joint collaboration in a global strategic alliance offers airlines an opportunity in passenger transportation to cope better with the planned regulation. In this paper we analyze the influence of a strategic alliance membership on determinants of carbon intensity in passenger transportation by using a unique data sample of the years 2004–2008. We find that alliance members on average had a higher utilization rate than non-aligned airlines, but their older average fleet age indicates that they did not take full advantage of the potentials offered through common aircraft investment activities. With regards to the planned Emissions Trading Scheme we show that European carriers on average had a better carbon intensity than Non-European airlines, so that competitive disadvantages for European airlines might be less than expected, if their carbon intensity maintains on this level.

Cross-Cultural Factors and Corporate Governance Transparency in Global Airline Strategic Alliances

This paper argues that a critical dimension in understanding the factors that inhibit the effectiveness and benefits of airline alliances is corporate transparency. Specifically, the issue of transparency in corporate governance is considered. Corporate governance is the set of institutional arrangements affecting corporate decision making, and deals with the relationship among various participants in determining the direction and performance of corporations. However, airline strategic alliances span an array of national cultures which influence the development of such relationships. The impact of national culture as a determinant of governance transparency is also investigated in this paper. This study draws on the literature which examines the impact of national culture on international joint ventures and governance systems. National cultures are described by Hofstede's five dimensions of power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism, masculinity, and temporal orientation. Governance transparency is investigated by the examination of corporate annual reports. Thus, this study investigates not only the level of corporate governance transparency demonstrated by participants in each of the three major airline alliances, but the relationship between said governance transparency and the cultural identity of each of the participants.

National Culture and Competitive Strategy Disclosure in Global Airline Strategic Alliances

Corporate transparency, which involves financial, governance, and competitive strategy disclosure, may have implications with respect to the development and effectiveness of alliance systems. This study investigates the intensity of competitive strategy disclosure, which has received little attention in the literature by the members of the three major airline alliances, Star, oneworld, and SkyTeam. Through an examination of the corporate annual reports of each participant, the level of strategy disclosure is assessed. Further, based on the seminal work of Gray (1988) that explored the relationship between a country's cultural profile and the level of disclosure by corporations in that country, the study investigates the relationship between the intensity of disclosure and the cultural identity of each of the airline alliance members.