Global Status Research Articles

A high-performance fully adaptive routing based on software defined network-on-chip

Adaptive routing techniques have been proven to be effective solutions for handling network congestion and enhancing the performance of Network-on-Chip (NoC). Traditional adaptive routing algorithms may degrade flexibility and lead to the issue of high hardware implementation overhead. In this paper, we propose a fully adaptive routing (FAR) based on Software Defined NoC (SDNoC) to address these issues. The proposed FAR decouples path selection from packet forwarding. The routing path is determined by software techniques in the control layer according to the global congestion status and is encapsulated into the packet to control the forwarding of the packet. Evaluation results show that the proposed FAR yields an improvement of performance over the typical routing schemes in average packet latency and saturation throughput up to 8.2% and 6.1% respectively. The layout area and power consumption are at least 6.2% and 3.9% less compared with the typical routing schemes as well.

Global Bibliometric and Visualized Analysis of Tracheal Tissue Engineering Research.

The development of tracheal tissue engineering (TTE) has seen a rapid growth in recent years. The purpose of this study was to investigate the global status, trends, and hotspots of TTE research based on bibliometrics and visualization analysis. Publications related to TTE were retrieved and included in the Web of Science Core Collection. VOSviewer and CiteSpace were used to generate knowledge maps. Six hundred fifty-five publications were identified, and the quantity of the annual publications worldwide was on the increase. International collaboration is a widespread reality. The United States led the world in the field of trachea tissue engineering, whereas University College London was the institution with the greatest contribution. In addition, Biomaterials had a great influence in this field, attracting the largest number of papers. Moreover, the topics of TTE research largely concentrated on the biomechanical scaffold preparation, the vascularization and epithelialization of scaffold, the tracheal cartilage regeneration, and the tissue-engineered tracheal transplantation. And the research on the application of decellularization and 3D printing for the construction of a tissue-engineered trachea was likely to receive more widespread attention in the future. Impact statement In recent years, tracheal tissue engineering (TTE) has experienced rapid growth. In this study, we investigated the worldwide status and trends of TTE research, and revealed the countries, institutions, journals, and authors that had made significant contributions to the field of TTE. Moreover, the possible research hotspots in the future were predicted. According to our research, researchers can gain a better understanding of the trends in this field, and stay informed of the most current research by tracking key journals, institutions, and authors.

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Subjective Memory Complaint in a Semi-Rural Community in Chile.

Subjective memory complaints (SMC) are commonly studied in older adults and have been identified as potentially prodromal to dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Studies among younger adults from South America are lacking. To estimate the prevalence of SMC and the factors associated with it among Maule Cohort (MAUCO) participants. We performed a cross-sectional analysis to estimate the prevalence of SMC and investigated its associated factors from MAUCO baseline data (N = 6,687). Within groups defined by age (38-59, 60-74) and global cognition (Mini-Mental State Examination: ≥26, 25-22, ≤21), multinomial logistic regression models evaluated risk factors for SMC (Yes, Sometimes, No). Overall, SMC prevalence was 16.4%; 15.9% (95% CI 14.9-16.9%) among younger and 17.6% (15.8-19.4%) among older participants. Female sex, comorbidities, and bad/fair self-reported health status (SRHS) were generally associated with higher odds of SMC. Overall prevalence of SMC was 16%. Different factors were associated with the odds of SMC depending on age and global cognitive status. Future SMC studies should include sex-specific assessments, evaluate SRHS as a moderator of SMC reporting, and the influence of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on SMC reporting.

Gender equality and green development: A qualitative survey

This research reviews the global development status of gender equality and green development, and analyzes the impact of gender equality on green development and its influencing mechanism. In addition, this research also explores the impact of digital technology on this relationship. We found that gender equality and green development have made significant progress globally since the 20th century, but they still face difficulties and challenges. We also found that gender equality have a positive impact on green development through three potential mechanisms. Moreover, digital technology has the potential to contribute to this impact. Based on these findings, we propose relevant policy recommendations to improve gender equality and green development.

Neuroprotective effects of oxytocin against ischemic stroke in rats by blocking glutamate release and CREB-mediated DNA hypermethylation

Glutamate plays a crucial role in cognitive impairments after ischemic stroke. There is a scarcity of information about how glutamate-induced activation of cAMP-response element binding (CREB) signaling pathway regulates both the negative and positive regulators of synaptic plasticity. Recent studies have demonstrated the involvement of prominent epigenetic repressors, such as MeCP2 and DNMTs, in stroke. Neuroprotective effects of oxytocin against ischemia have been previously reported, while the underlying mechanism is still elusive. In this research, the possible role of CREB-mediated DNA hypermethylation and the potential mechanism of oxytocin in a rat model of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) were assessed. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated with intraperitoneal injection of oxytocin at the onset of pMCAO. The effects of oxytocin on spines and the expression levels of synaptic genes were determined. The regulatory effects of oxytocin on glutamate level, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), its downstream CREB pathway, and global or gene-specific DNA methylation status were evaluated by immunofluorescence, co-immunoprecipitation, and chromatin immunoprecipitation, respectively. We found that CREB could act as a common transcription factor for MeCP2 and DNMT3B after ischemic stroke. Oxytocin dose-dependently deactivated NR2B-related CaM-CREB pathway and inhibited DNA hypermethylation at the CpG islands of Ngf gene in pMCAO-operated rats. Moreover, oxytocin prevented pMCAO-induced reduction in the number of spines and neural cells. DNA hypermethylation in Ngf gene contributed to the cognitive deficits post-stroke. The neuroprotective effects of oxytocin against ischemia could be attributed to inhibiting glutamate release, providing additional evidence on the mechanism of oxytocin against ischemic stroke.

Association between Sleep and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Bibliometric Analysis from 2003 to 2022

Introduction: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) often presents with sleep disorders, which are also an important risk factor for AD, affecting cognitive function to a certain extent. This study aimed to reveal the current global status, present hotspots, and discuss emerging trends of sleep and AD using a bibliometric approach. Methods: Research and review articles related to sleep and AD from 2003 to 2022 were extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection. VOSviewer 1.6.18.0, Scimago Graphica, and CiteSpace 6.2.R2 were used to map the productive and highly cited countries, institutions, journals, authors, references, and keywords in the field. Results: Overall, 4,008 publications were included in this bibliometric analysis. The number of publications and citations showed an increasing trend over the past two decades. The USA and China had the largest and second largest, respectively, number of publications and citations and cooperated with other countries more closely. Ancoli-Israel Sonia published the most papers, and Holtzman David M was co-cited most frequently. The most productive journal was Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, and Neurology was the most frequently cited journal. The risk factors, β-amyloid (Aβ), tau, neuroinflammation, astrocytes, glymphatic system, orexin, functional connectivity, and management have been the main research directions of researchers over the past few years and may be the future trend of valuable research. Conclusion: We identified hotspots and emerging trends including risk factors, Aβ, tau, neuroinflammation, the glymphatic system, orexin, and management, which may help identify new therapeutic targets and improve clinical efficacy of sleep and AD.

Survival Analysis and Contributing Factors among PCR-Confirmed Adult Inpatients during the Endemic Phase of COVID-19.

In May 2023, the global health emergency status of COVID-19 concluded, marking the onset of an endemic era. This study assessed survival rates among PCR-confirmed adult inpatients during this phase and determined contributing factors. Employing a survival analysis approach, this investigation utilized a nationwide Mexican cohort encompassing 152 adult inpatients. Survival rates were computed using the Kaplan-Meier method, and a proportional Cox model identified mortality risk factors. Survival rates remained above 65% on day 14 after admission. Vaccination status, including the number of doses administered, was not significantly associated with fatal outcomes. Chronic kidney disease or a history of immunosuppression (due to any cause) increased mortality risk. Our findings underscore the persistent severity of COVID-19 beyond the global health emergency, emphasizing the necessity for tailored interventions for vulnerable patients.

O.6.2-3 The Global Observatory for Physical Education (GoPE!): monitoring physical education and physical activity in children and adolescents worldwide

Abstract Purpose It is estimated that 80% of children and adolescents do not meet the 60 min of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (PA) per day to benefit their health.1,2 Strengthening the provision of quality physical education (PE) and PA experiences within schools is a highly recommended policy action.3 Furthermore, there is a gap in monitoring systems of PE&PA at schools, which would contribute to tracking progress and inform decision-making to drive PE&PA policy, action, and research in this population group.4 After 10 years of successful monitoring of adults’ PA by The Global Observatory of Physical Activity (GoPA!), there is an urgent need to complement and initiate high-quality monitoring in children and adolescents. The Global Observatory of Physical Education (GoPE!) will be launched in 2023, therefore, our purpose is to present the GoPE! to the HEPA network. Project description Placed within the GoPA!, GoPE!’s main mission is to monitor PE and PA in children and adolescents worldwide. The GoPE! monitoring system will use a set of surveillance, policy, and research standardized indicators to allow countries to initiate, determine and improve their current status and progress around PE and PA. Standardized indicators will be updated every 3-4 years, allowing comparability between countries and world regions. GoPE! will publish the country profiles [GoPE! Country Cards], which are going to be developed following the GoPA! stepwise approach, and will consolidate as an independent evidence and local representatives-based and global surveillance system including the best PE&PA and sports experts, researchers, practitioners, and policymakers. Conclusions GoPE! will demonstrate its critical role in facilitating periodic PE&PA surveillance, policy and research data, to inform promotion, advocacy, and agenda-setting efforts to achieve international goals and recommendations. GoPE! and GoPA! will continue to monitor progress to battle the global pandemic of physical inactivity across the life course. References 1 USDHHS. 2018 PA Guidelines Advisory Committee Scientific Report. Washington: USDHHSD;2018. 2 van Sluijs, E. et al. PA behaviours in adolescence: current evidence and opportunities for intervention. The Lancet. 2021;398(10298):429-442. 3 WHO. GAPPA 2018–2030: more active people for a healthier world. Geneva;2018. 4 WHO. Global status report on PA 2022. Geneva: WHO;2022.

Current Epidemiological Trends of Pediatric Traffic Accidents at a Romanian Clinical Hospital.

Pediatric road traffic accidents (RTAs) have a substantial impact on the worldwide youth population, resulting in a considerable burden of disability. According to the World Health Organization's (WHO) Global Status Report on Road Safety, around 1.35 million children die each year in RTAs around the world, having a big effect on health and financial costs. Today's high-income countries like the Netherlands have experienced a decrease in the incidence of fatal traffic accidents (TAs) in children compared to countries with higher-than-average scores, including Romania, where roughly one out of every two minor deaths was a pedestrian; however, there is a lack of comprehensive and up-to-date epidemiological data on non-fatal TAs regarding pediatric patients. The objective of this study is to perform a thorough examination of the epidemiological aspects of Tas in pediatric patients admitted to the Emergency Department (ED) of "St. Mary's" Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children in Iasi, Romania. A descriptive retrospective research study was conducted at the "St. Mary's" Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children in Iasi, Romania, from January 2015 to December 2022. The research population includes all pediatric trauma patients that were between the age range of 1 month and 18 years who were treated by the trauma department. A total of 358 cases met the inclusion criteria and fulfilled fulfilled fulfilled. Data concerning variables such as accident incidents, types of injuries, and length of hospitalization have been gathered. The average age of the patients was 11.43 ± 4.07 years, with patients of both sexes, the representation of the male sex being 78.5%. The incidence occurred during the summer, representing 15.3% in June. Of the patients admitted to the ED, 55.5% (n = 196) did not require surgery. Most of the patients spent from a minimum of one day to a maximum of 28 days in the hospital, with an average of 8.50 hospital days. The most common injuries were fractures (n = 221), and the most frequent anatomical region affected was the upper limbs (n = 55.2%). While the literature on fatal TA cases shows a declining trend, there is a lack of up-to-date information on non-fatal TAs involving children. The results of our study suggest that there is a high incidence of pediatric TAs due to the scale of "St. Mary's" Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children, from Iasi, which provides medical services to a considerable number of patients coming from both rural and urban areas of the seven counties of Moldova region, in Romania.

Official policies of English language education in Iran: ‘policy as discourse’ in national documents

ABSTRACT Considering the uncontested global status of English today, overt and covert policies of English language teaching (ELT) have shaped a significant area of broader national language (education) policies. In this study we investigated nine major national policy documents to portray the overall official ELT policies in Iran. The documents were explored through qualitative content analysis in search of manifest statements and conceptual categories that provided educational policy directions. Adopting a view of policy as discourse, we coded statements directly related to ELT and those related to language education, as well as generic statements about all subject areas, which were interpreted to include the teaching and learning of English. The discursive climate of the overall official Iranian ELT policy appeared to be mainly shaped by policy directions focusing on Islamic values, Iranian Revolutionism, and character and morality, along with some language-teaching specifics. The findings may indicate that beyond issues of policy incompleteness, the Iranian official ELT policy may be suffering from policy indeterminacy. We argue that in contexts like Iran, more coherent ELT policies may be needed to account for both the ideological nature of English and its practical applicability in the world today.

Enhancing Renewable Energy Systems, Contributing to Sustainable Development Goals of United Nation and Building Resilience Against Climate Change Impacts

Climate change impacts due to unprecedented rising concentrations of greenhouse gas (GHG) are intensifying and widespread, making extreme climate events more widespread, frequent, and severe. To mitigate the worst consequences of climate warming, herein it is investigated how the global community can collectively achieve a large‐scale, sustained reduction in GHG emissions, and how to effectively move away from a predominantly fossil fuel‐based economy to one dominated by renewable energy? This transition is necessary to achieve the sustainable development goals (SDGs) of United Nations (UN) to ensure resilient and healthy environment for present and future generations, especially the SDG 7 of UN, “Affordable and Clean Energy”, set up to achieve global development of modern renewable energy systems. Investment policies and patterns of developed and developing countries in transitioning to energy productions primarily from renewable sources and obstacles such as scale‐up challenges, innovations in new energy systems, policies, financing mechanisms, and implementation strategies are examined. Furthermore, a comprehensive overview of the present global status of hydropower, wind, and solar, the three most significant renewable electricity technologies, as well as their basic operating principles, costs, and potential is conducted. Hydroelectric, wind, and solar power had grown from 3429, 346, and 34 TWh yr−1 in 2010 to 4274, 1598, and 846 TWh yr−1 in 2020, a growth of about 1.25, 4.60, and 24.9 times in a decade, respectively. Strategies to achieve energy systems that are of or near net zero GHG emissions by 2050s through the deployment of renewable energy systems are also investigated.

Drowning prevention in the Americas: current and future opportunities arising from the first WHO Global Status Report on Drowning Prevention

Drowning prevention in the Americas: current and future opportunities arising from the first WHO Global Status Report on Drowning Prevention

Abstract 033: Innate Lymphoid Cells Mediate Hypertension In T Cell Deficient Hosts

T cells have been shown to contribute to hypertension, however, hypertension occurs in settings of T cell deficiency, such as human immunodeficiency virus infection and following chemotherapy. We studied two colonies of RAG-1 -/- mice with disparate responses to angiotensin II (Ang II) infusion. Ang II increased both systolic and diastolic pressure in RAG-1 -/- mice from Jackson labs (RAG-1 -/-US ) but had no effect in a colony of RAG-1 -/- mice housed at our Pozzilli facility (RAG-1 -/-POZ ) for the past 14 years (SBPs 169 ± 2 vs 114 ± 3 mmHg, p < 0.003). While both lacked T and B cells, the RAG-1 -/-US mice exhibited a striking expansion of natural killer and both type 1 and type 3 innate lymphoid cells, while the RAG-1 -/-POZ mice did not. In RAG-1 -/-US mice, NK cells and ILC1s produced IFNγ, while ILC3s produced IL-17A. Immunoclearing of IL-17A, but not IFNγ prevented the hypertension in RAG-1 -/-US mice. There were differences in global gene expression and DNA methylation status in NK1.1 + /NKp46 + cells between these two colonies and notably β2-AdR and IL-10 expression was significantly lower in RAG-1 -/-US mice. Knockdown of the β2-AdR using intra-splenic infusion of siRNA in RAG-1 -/-POZ mice led to a hypertensive response resembling that observed in wild type and RAG-1 -/-US mice. We also found striking differences in DNA methylation patterns in innate lymphoid cells of RAG-1 -/-US vs RAG-1 -/-POZ mice and treatment with the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-azacytidine prevented hypertension in RAG-1 -/-US mice. Single cell sequencing showed that 5-azacytidine also reduced splenic populations of NK and ILC3 cells and reduced the presence of the transcription factor RORγt, which defines ILC3s. Ang II infusion caused only a transient elevation of blood pressure in NSG/MHCI/II -/- mice that lack T cells and innate lymphoid cells but led to sustained hypertension following adoptive transfer of either T cells or NK1.1 + /NKp46 + cells to these animals. We conclude that DNA methylation likely modulates expansion of NK and innate lymphoid cells. Either T cells or innate lymphoid cells can contribute to hypertension, and the latter can compensate by serving as a source of cytokines like IL-17A when T cells are deficient.

Global status of medical physics human resource – The IOMP survey report

PurposeRealizing the need for periodic surveys about global medical physics human resource, the International Organization for Medical Physics (IOMP) performed a third survey following the previous two (2015 and 2018). The objective was to collect information about the current numbers of medical physicists (MPs) in individual countries, about their MP training, and accreditation pathways. MethodsThe survey was designed using Google Forms. Forms were distributed to national MP associations around the world. The data was collected during May-Nov 2022. MS Excel and SPSS software were used to perform descriptive statistics. Results64 valid responses were received covering all continents. The largest numbers of MPs are in high income countries of Europe, Australia and North America, while the lowest numbers of MPs are seen in middle and low-income countries of Asia, Latin America and Africa. Among the respondents, 73% reported MP shortages in their countries. 69% reported the existence of an official MP training program which comprises university courses and in-service training. Furthermore, 85% of the respondents indicated the availability of MP university courses, primarily at the Master’s degree level. Participation in research was between 10 and 30% of allocated work time for 42% and below 10% for 33% respondents. ConclusionsThere are new findings on number of MPs per million population in different countries, with some expressing adequacy in the total number of MPs, but the data breakdown indicates a shortage in diagnostic X-ray physicists. Future surveys should also investigate in more detail data on outsourcing, and involvement in research.

How COVID-19 pandemic affected nutrition behaviors

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) had started as a global pandemic and public health emergency back in year 2020. Starting in year 2023, which was a little more than three years afterwards, World Health Organization (WHO) removed COVID-19’s public health emergency status.1 During the past three years, the pandemic, quarantine, and lockdown policy had changed many aspects in life, sosio-economic and public health alike. This included nutrition behaviors which significantly affected the global population’s nutritional status. A study to adults and elderly living independently in Amsterdams revealed an increase of nutritional behavior presdisposing to overnutrition, such as more snacking and decreased physical activity to those who had not been in quarantine. Whereas those who were in quarantine, behavior changes related to undernutrition, such as eating less, skipping meals, and drinking more alcoholic beverages, were more seen in the study results.2 An online survey study to lockdown countries e.g Europe, North-Africa, Western Asia, and United States showed a decrease in both frequency and the duration of physical activity, included an increase of time spent in sedentary behavior. The study also revealed a significant increase in consuming unhealthy food, eating out of control, snacking between meals, alcohol binge drinking, and number of main meals per day.3An online study to students in Indonesia showed changes in eating patterns consisted of increased meal portions and snacks. The sedentary behavior was also excalated.4 What factors contributed to these changes? As we all aware, confinement influence our daily activities and mental health. Those who usually commute to the office had to work from home thus limiting physical activities. We also saw the increased numbers of anxiety, depression, and boredom which may led to more snackings or skipping meals.We had learned that the restriction to stay at home had influenced dietary and physical activity. These changes may or may not expected, however, they surely altered global nutritional status. The numbers of overweight and obesity are more prevalent post-pandemic thus may lead to the increase of non-communicable diseases.We certainly hope that there will be no more pandemic which warrants lockdown in the future, however the future itself is not a certainty. In the present, we will have to tackle many nutritional-related problems in any population. Within the course of time, if a similar pandemic should occur, we might have to compile a public health, nutrition, mental health, and physical activity policy to minimize the problems.

Understanding the Current China-US Relationship through the "Thucydides Trap"

This paper investigates the theory of the "Thucydides Trap”, including its theory, validity, and exceptions in history. Based on an analysis of the events that correspond to and support this theory from ancient times to the present, the four criteria applicable to the Thucydides trap are summarized: national safety, economic interests, competitive global status, and ideological difference. The paper analyzes the four criteria with regard to the "China-US relationship", and concludes that the conflict between the two countries will be more focused on economics, technology, and politics rather than war. Furthermore, to avoid the worst outcome between the two countries, mutual respect is necessary even if the two countries try to compete with one another.

MGMT methylation pattern of long-term and short-term survivors of glioblastoma reveals CpGs of the enhancer region to be of high prognostic value

Treatment with the alkylating agent temozolomide is known to be prognostically beneficial in a subset of glioblastoma patients. Response to such chemotherapeutic treatment and the prognostic benefit have been linked to the methylation status of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT). To date, it has not been entirely resolved which methylation pattern of MGMT is most relevant to predict response to temozolomide treatment and outcome. In this retrospective study, we compared the methylation patterns, analyzed by Sanger sequencing, of 27 isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wildtype glioblastoma patients that survived more than 3 years (long-term survivors) with those of 24 patients who survived less than a year after initial surgery (short-term survivors). Random Forest-, Correlation-, and ROC-curve analyses were performed. The data showed that MGMT is typically methylated in long-term survivors, whereas no prominent methylation is observed in short-term survivors. The methylation status of CpGs, especially in the promoter and exon1/enhancer region correlated highly with outcome. In addition, age and temozolomide treatment were strongly associated with overall survival. Some CpGs in the enhancer region, in particular CpG 86 (bp + 154), demonstrated high values associated with overall survival in the Random Forest analysis. Our data confirm previously published prognostic factors in IDH-wildtype glioblastoma patients, including age and temozolomide treatment as well as the global MGMT methylation status. The area frequently used for decision making to administer temozolomide at the end of exon1 of MGMT, was associated with outcome. However, our data also suggest that the enhancer region, especially CpG 86 (bp + 154) is of strong prognostic value. Therefore, we propose further investigation of the enhancer region in a large prospective study in order to confirm our findings, which might result in an optimized prediction of survival in glioblastoma patients, likely linked to response to temozolomide treatment.

Odor hedonic responses in children and young people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities.

Odors are closely linked to emotions, play an important role in the well-being of individuals and can influence mood. Despite these crucial properties, the hedonic responses to odors of people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD) remain little explored. This within-subjects study aims to examine whether children and young people with PIMD react in a differentiated way to odors evaluated as pleasant or unpleasant by neurotypical adults and, if so, with which behaviors. The influence of their global mood on their emotional responses to odors is also examined. Twenty children and young people (7-18 years old) with PIMD were exposed to four pairs of hedonically contrasted odors. A control stimulus was presented before each odorant. Five emotional responses, one physiological reaction (nausea reactions), and three responses reflecting approach toward or avoidance of the stimulus were recorded throughout the duration of the stimulus exposure. The participants' global mood status was measured before the start of the research with the French version of the Mood, Interest and Pleasure Questionnaire (Ross and Oliver, 2003). The results show that when exposed to pleasant odorants, participants kept their heads aligned with the odorant source longer, smiled longer, and produced more positive vocalizations. In contrast, unpleasant odorants elicit more pouts and grimaces. Nausea reactions occurred in the presence of unpleasant odorants. The hedonic responses were more marked during the second presentation of the stimuli. Participants with a higher MIPQ score showed significantly more emotional reactions to odors. The results confirm the presence of olfactory preferences in participants with PIMD and the existence of a link between their mood, emotions and olfactory hedonic processing. They prompt the use of odors to support not only the cognitive development of this population, but also their mood and their emotional regulation abilities.

Relationship between default mode network and resting-state electroencephalographic alpha rhythms in cognitively unimpaired seniors and patients with dementia due to Alzheimer's disease.

Here we tested the hypothesis of a relationship between the cortical default mode network (DMN) structural integrity and the resting-state electroencephalographic (rsEEG) rhythms in patients with Alzheimer's disease with dementia (ADD). Clinical and instrumental datasets in 45 ADD patients and 40 normal elderly (Nold) persons originated from the PDWAVES Consortium (www.pdwaves.eu). Individual rsEEG delta, theta, alpha, and fixed beta and gamma bands were considered. Freeware platforms served to derive (1) the (gray matter) volume of the DMN, dorsal attention (DAN), and sensorimotor (SMN) cortical networks and (2) the rsEEG cortical eLORETA source activities. We found a significant positive association between the DMN gray matter volume, the rsEEG alpha source activity estimated in the posterior DMN nodes (parietal and posterior cingulate cortex), and the global cognitive status in the Nold and ADD participants. Compared with the Nold, the ADD group showed lower DMN gray matter, lower rsEEG alpha source activity in those nodes, and lower global cognitive status. This effect was not observed in the DAN and SMN. These results suggest that the DMN structural integrity and the rsEEG alpha source activities in the DMN posterior hubs may be related and predict the global cognitive status in ADD and Nold persons.

Global trends and current status in pheochromocytoma: a bibliometric analysis of publications in the last 20 years.

Pheochromocytoma is a rare catecholamine-producing neuroendocrine tumour originating from the chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla or extra-adrenal paraganglia. However, there are few bibliometric studies on Pheochromocytoma. Therefore, this study was employed to summarize the global trends and current status in pheochromocytoma by bibliometric analysis. The Web of Science (WOS) core collection database was searched for publications relating to pheochromocytoma from 2001 to 2021. Bibliometric analysis was used to examine the data, and Microsoft Excel was utilized to create bar graphs. In addition, VOSviewer was used to carry out co-authorship analysis, co-citation analysis and co-occurrence analysis. CiteSpace was used to analyze the keywords citation bursts. A total of 8,653 publications published in 1,806 journals by 38,590 authors in 6,117 organizations from 100 countries/regions were included in our study. Among them, USA was the leading countries in terms of total publications and sum of time cited, whereas Eunice Kennedy Shriver Natl Inst Child Hlth & Hum was the leading institutions. The main publications for pheochromocytoma-related articles were Journal of clinical endocrinology &metabolism. Pacak karel and Eisenhofer Graeme were the main contributing authors. The studies on pheochromocytoma could be grouped into five clusters: Treatment, Mechanism, Etiology, Radiology and Hormones study. Moreover, the radiology study, etiology study and some specific keywords such germlines mutation, mesenchymal stem-cells, autophagy, neuroinflammation, neurotoxicity, and hemodynamic instability, may become the hot spots of future. Although the number of articles on pheochromocytoma has fluctuated slightly over the past 20 years, there has been an overall upward trend. In general, precision medicine research on pheochromocytoma, especially metastatic pheochromocytoma, in terms of diagnosis, treatment, and etiology will be a hot research topic in the future. This study helps to understand the research perspectives, hot spots and trends of pheochromocytoma and provide new insight and a basis for future pheochromocytoma research quickly.