Global Self-esteem Research Articles

Maltrato y ciberacoso asociado a la autoestima en estudiantes de medicina de una universidad peruana durante el rebrote de la COVID-19

Introduction: Abuse and cyberbullying have existed for a long time, however, the pandemic could be a risk factor that negatively impacts the self-esteem of medical students. The objective of this study was to determine the association between mistreatment and cyberbullying with self-esteem in medical students at a Peruvian university during the COVID-19 outbreak.Methods: Observational study, analytical type, carried out in 271 students from first to sixth year in a Peruvian medical school. The presence of abuse, cyberbullying and self-esteem were evaluated using the Perception of Abuse Questionnaire in Medical Students, the European Cyberbullying Intervention Project Questionnaire Spanish version (ECIPQ) and the Rosemberg Self-esteem Scale, respectively. Bivariate using the chi square test (significance level of p<0.05).Results: The perception of psychological abuse was 237 (87.50%), academic 237 (87.50%), and sexual 136 (50.90%); 67 (24.70%) of cybervictims, 35 (13.70%) of cyberbullies, and 35 (13.30%) of victimized cyberbullies were found; the majority of students had an average self-esteem of 111 (41.69%). The level of global self-esteem was significantly associated with the presence of psychological (p = 0.001), academic (p = 0.018) and sexual abuse (p = 0.000), but not with the presence of cybervictims (p = 0.090), cyberbullies (p = 0.107) and with the victimizing cyberbullies (p = 0.178).Conclusions: An association was found between the perception of psychological, academic and sexual abuse with the level of global self-esteem, in contrast, there was no evidence of the influence of cyberbullying on the self-esteem of the medical student.

Sport Participation in Early and Middle Adolescence: The Interplay Between Self-Perception and Psychobiosocial Experiences in Predicting Burnout Symptoms.

Adolescence is characterized by pubertal physical changes, cognitive development, and modified social expectations. Adolescent athletes often enter a more challenging stage of athletic development associated with increased specialization, and become vulnerable to feelings of burnout. It is therefore important to consider intrapersonal psychological factors that can improve sport participation experiences and prevent burnout. Accordingly, the aim of the current study was to examine the interplay between self-perceptions and emotion-related (i.e., psychobiosocial) experiences (e.g., feeling confident, focused, determined, physically charged, and skillful) in predicting burnout symptoms in adolescents. A sample of 12–14-year-olds (n = 338, 176 girls and 162 boys; Mage = 13.42, SD = 1.12) and 15–17-year-olds (n = 302, 142 girls and 160 boys; Mage = 15.78, SD = 1.17), participating in individual or team sports, were involved in a cross-sectional study to assess positive and negative self-perceptions, functional and dysfunctional psychobiosocial experiences, and burnout symptoms (i.e., emotional and physical exhaustion, reduced sense of accomplishment, sport devaluation). Path analysis results suggest that higher scores on global physical self-perception, self-esteem, and sport competence were associated with lower burnout symptoms, while higher scores on social physique anxiety were associated with higher scores on sport devaluation. Moreover, self-esteem and sport competence were shown to have significant indirect effects on burnout dimensions via functional psychobiosocial experiences. Differences by gender (p < 0.001) and by age category (p < 0.001) in the variable scores were also found. Compared to girls, boys reported higher scores on competence, functional psychobiosocial experiences, global physical self-perception, self-esteem, emotional and physical exhaustion, and lower scores on social physique anxiety. Compared to 12–14-year-olds, 15–17-year-olds reported lower scores on global physical self-perception and self-esteem, and higher scores on social physique anxiety, reduced sense of accomplishment, and sport devaluation. This study adds to the literature on burnout by considering the role of intrapersonal factors (i.e., global physical self-perception, self-esteem, sport competence, and social anxiety) in predicting burnout symptoms in adolescent athletes, and the mediating effects of psychobiosocial experiences. From an applied perspective, sport coaches should implement strategies to foster positive self-perceptions, promote pleasant psychobiosocial experiences, and prevent burnout.

A meta-analysis on the association between self-esteem and problematic smartphone use

Addictive behaviors have traditionally been associated with low self-esteem, and Problematic Smartphone Use (PSU) has recently received increasing scientific attention as a potential behavioral addiction. The present meta-analysis aims to examine the strength of the relationship between PSU symptoms and global self-esteem. A keyword-based systematic literature search was performed to identify studies in which PSU symptoms and global self-esteem were assessed. Thirty-one independent studies with a total of 27.004 participants (F % = 54.21%; mean age = 17.37 ± 4.97; range: 12.10–34.39 years old) were included. Meta-analytic results of the random effects model applied to a total of 31 independent samples show a negative correlation between self-esteem and PSU (Fisher's Z = −0.25; CI -0.28, −0.21; Z = −14.63; p < 0.001). Age, gender and geographical area did not moderate the association. The magnitude of the effect size can be considered small according to Cohen's criteria (1992), and medium according to Hemphill's criteria (2003). The sensitivity analysis and analyses of publication bias confirm that these results are robust. The findings show that low self-esteem is an important hallmark of PSU. Overall, our findings emphasize the importance of addressing self-esteem and corresponding core beliefs in the prevention and treatment of PSU.

Profile of self-concept and self-esteem on the academic performance among practitioners of physical education and extracurricular activities in middle-school students.

The deprivation of components that exercise the body and mind by children and adolescents can lead to numerous long-term consequences in terms of physical health (cardiovascular diseases, bone problems, high cholesterol, obesity) and mental health (depression, low self-esteem and social isolation). This investigation intended to identify a profile of self-concept and self-esteem, on the academic performance of middle-school children between practitioners of curricular physical education and extracurricular sport activities. The participants consisted of a total of 107 students, 55 (51.4%) were males and 52 (48.6%) were female, aged between 10 and 12 years. A total of 41 children (38.3%) attending the fifth grade and 66 children (61.7%) the sixth grade were randomly selected. The data collection instrument, Self-concept of Susan Harter validated for the Portuguese population was used and it was proceeded to a descriptive and inferential statistics data analysis to confront the mean levels of self-concept, global self-esteem and academic performance. As an influence of hours of weekly practice, we found statistically significant differences in terms of academic performance, that is, as the student practices more hours of physical exercise, there is a tendency for the student to obtain better academic results. Apparently, the practice of extracurricular sport activities by students promotes a significant evolution in the formation of self-concept and academic performance, as well as suggesting a positive evolutionary trend in the formation of self-esteem of students who practice the several extracurricular sports.

Appraisal self-respect: Scale validation and construct implications

Despite the widely accepted recognition of the notion of self-respect and its importance for emotional well-being, it has received scant attention in the psychological literature. We report on the development and validation of a scale to measure trait (character-based) appraisal self-respect (ASR), conceptualised as a disposition to perceive or appraise oneself as being a respectworthy honourable person. We tested the factor structure, reliability, convergent, discriminant and criterion validity of the ASR scale in samples of adult individuals (combined N = 1910 across samples). The resulting ASR scale was found to be essentially unidimensional and showed good internal and acceptable test-retest reliability. Trait ASR was correlated with (yet distinct from) theoretically related measures of global self-esteem, moral self and principledness, and was distinct from other self-esteem facets not based on honourable character traits. Importantly, it related to well-being and prosocial behaviour over-and-above self-esteem. The validation work served to consolidate the theoretical boundaries and utility of this important concept.

COVID-19 and sports fans: examining the pandemic’s impact on need fulfillment and psychosocial outcomes

ABSTRACT Rational/Purpose: In March 2020, the sports world came to a standstill as COVID-19 spread across the globe. Sport fans were among the industry stakeholders most affected. Fans turn to sports to satisfy a variety of needs [Trail, G.T. (2018). Sport consumer behavior (4th ed.). Printed by the author.] and experience psychosocial benefits by way of their fandom [Wann et al. (2000). The self-presentation of sport fans: Investigating the importance of team identification and self-esteem. Journal of Sport Behavior, 23(2), 198–206.; Wann et al. (2017). Testing the team identification–social psychological health model: Mediational relationships among team identification, sport fandom, sense of belonging, and meaning in life. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 21(2), 94–107.] Without games, however, to what extent were fans able to fulfill these needs? Further, did fans experience detrimental impacts to their self-esteem and sense of belongingness in relation to their team/fan communities? Design/methodology/approach: Data were collected via an online survey using select online NBA and MLB team message boards in addition to Amazon MTurk. Fan needs were measured using adapted versions of prior sport fan motivation scales [Trail & James (2001). The motivation scale for sport consumption: Assessment of the scale’s psychometric properties. Journal of Sport Behavior, 24, 108–127; Wann (1995). Preliminary validation of the sport fan motivation scale. Journal of Sport & Social Issues, 19(4), 377–396.]. Self-esteem was measured using an adapted version of Harris et al.’s [Harris et al. (2018). The Lifespan Self-Esteem scale: Initial validation of a new measure of global self-esteem. Journal of Personality Assessment, 100(1), 84–95]. Lifespan Self-Esteem Scale. Belongingness was measured using four items from Malone et al.’s [Malone et al. (2012). The general Belongingness Scale (GBS): Assessing achieved belongingness. Personality and Individual Differences, 52(3), 311–316]. General Belongingness Scale. Findings: Survey results from 417 sports fans revealed many of the needs typically met through sport consumption (i.e. achievement, drama, escape, family togetherness, social connections, group affiliation, and entertainment) went largely unmet during the pandemic. Further, highly passionate fans maintained higher perceived levels of self-esteem and belongingness than less passionate respondents. Practical implications: Results of this study should aid sports organizations in understanding the experience of their fans during the pandemic and better prepare teams and leagues to engage their consumers in future situations where live sports are unavailable. Research contribution: This paper builds on our understanding of fan motivation and psychosocial outcomes of fandom in a time when the sport was suspended due to COVID-19.

Top down or bottom up? Evidence from the longitudinal development of global and domain-specific self-esteem in adulthood.

Classical theoretical perspectives have implied that either global self-esteem has an impact on domain-specific self-esteem (top-down) or domain-specific self-esteem affects global self-esteem (bottom-up). The goal of the present research was to investigate whether classical top-down and bottom-up approaches could withstand a thorough test. To do so, we applied elaborate analytical methods in a four-wave longitudinal study across 6 years with preregistered hypotheses and data analyses. We analyzed data from N = 1,417 German participants (30.6% men, median of 12 to 13 years of education) with an average age of 47.0 years (SD = 12.4, range 18 to 88) at intake. Analyses using latent variable approaches for modeling intraindividual change provided evidence of top-down effects only. For example, participants with higher global self-esteem exhibited an increase in performance self-esteem but not vice versa. Our results also provided evidence of "vertical" associations between global and domain-specific self-esteem, that is, parallel development within the same time frame. In addition, the analyses revealed high rank order stability and a substantial trait component in global self-esteem and the self-esteem domains. The present findings have important theoretical and practical implications for the stability and development of self-esteem in adulthood and advance the understanding of global and domain-specific self-esteem in personality theory. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Psychological correlates of sexual self-esteem in young women with Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome.

Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome (MRKHS) is a difference (disorder) of sex development that results from Müllerian duct aplasia in 46,XX females. The diagnosis of MRKHS is usually established in late adolescence. The purpose of the study was to assess the impact of congenital absence of uterus and vagina (CAUV) on a patient's psychosexual functioning. Thirty-two women with MRKHS (mean age 22.9 years) and 32 matched healthy controls (mean age 24.75 years) completed three study questionnaires: the Sexual Self-Esteem Inventory for Women, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2). Statistical analysis was performed by IBM SPSS Statistics 22. There was no difference in global self-esteem between the two study groups. MRKHS females had lower sexual self-esteem and experienced higher intensity of some psychological functioning characteristics (paranoia, psychasthenia, schizophrenia) than their peers. Correlations between sexual self-esteem and results on depression, psychopathic deviate, schizophrenia, social introversion and anxiety scales were observed in patients with MRKHS. Global self-esteem and schizophrenia results were significant predictors of sexual self-esteem in the clinical group. Higher global self-esteem and lower results in the schizophrenia scale were associated with higher sexual self-esteem in patients with MRKHS. Psychological and medical counseling of women with MRKHS should address their impaired sexual self-esteem, especially sexual skills and experiences. While the number of diagnostic responses indicating the presence of specific symptoms in MRKHS females is statistically significantly different, the level of scores obtained does not exceed the threshold of clinical pathology.

Global and domain-specific self-esteem after pediatric traumatic brain injury: Contribution of injury characteristics and parent mental health

ABSTRACT This prospective, longitudinal case–control study examined global and domain-specific aspects of self-esteem 6-months following pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) and evaluated the contribution of injury-related factors and parent mental health to child self-esteem. Participants included 103 children with mild-severe TBI representing consecutive admissions to the emergency department of the Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia. Forty-three age-and-sex matched typically developing controls were recruited for comparison. Information regarding injury characteristics including age at injury and clinical indicators of TBI severity were collected for participants at recruitment, with research magnetic resonance imaging conducted 2–8 weeks later. At 6 months post-injury, children rated their global and domain-specific self-esteem (Harter Self-Perception Profile for Children), and ratings of parent mental health were collected (General Health Questionnaire). Self-esteem for behavioural and academic domains was significantly poorer for children with TBI relative to TD children. In the TBI group, higher child-rated scores of global and domain-specific aspects of self-esteem were associated with more severe TBI, presence of frontal neuropathology, younger age at injury, and lower parental symptoms of anxiety/insomnia. Given the psychological status of parents represents a potentially modifiable risk factor, it may form the target of clinical interventions designed to bolster child self-esteem following pediatric TBI.

Examining the Role of Body Image Instability in Young Adult Women: Conceptualization, Development, and Psychometric Evaluation of the Vacillating Body Image Scale (VBIS)

The current study conceptualized body image instability as a maladaptive tendency to vacillate between different self-perceptions of one’s overall body image and developed a corresponding measure to assess body image instability. Results from a series of studies of young adult women demonstrated the validity, reliability, and utility of the Vacillating Body Image Scale (VBIS) as a meaningful measure of body image instability. In Study 1, we found that body image instability, as assessed by the VBIS, represents a unidimensional and reliable construct. In Study 2, we found evidence for both the convergent and discriminant validity of the VBIS in relation to other individual differences measures (i.e., self-concept schema, broad personality factors). In Study 3, the concurrent criterion validity of the VBIS was supported for young adult women in relation to a range of adjustment measures. Finally, in Study 4, we found consistent evidence for the incremental validity of the VBIS in predicting subsequent variations in eating disturbances, even after controlling for global self-esteem and self-concept instability. Overall, our findings offer promising support for our contention that body image instability, as measured by the VBIS, represents an important construct for understanding eating-related disturbances and other health outcomes in young adult women.

Relationships between Athletic Motor Skill Competencies and Maturity, Sex, Physical Performance, and Psychological Constructs in Boys and Girls.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between athletic motor skill competencies (AMSC), maturation, sex, body mass index, physical performance, and psychological constructs (motivation to exercise, physical self-efficacy, and global self-esteem). Two-hundred and twenty-four children aged 11–13 years old were included in the study and sub-divided by sex. The athlete introductory movement screen (AIMS) and tuck jump assessment (TJA) were used to assess AMSC, while standing long jump distance assessed physical performance. Online surveys examined participants’ motivation to exercise, physical self-efficacy, and self-esteem. Trivial to moderate strength relationships were evident between AMSC and BMI (boys: rs = −0.183; girls: rs = −0.176), physical performance (boys: rs = 0.425; girls: rs = 0.397), and psychological constructs (boys: rs = 0.130–0.336; girls rs = 0.030–0.260), with the strength of relationships different between the sexes. Higher levels of AMSC were related to significantly higher levels of physical performance (d = 0.25), motivation to exercise (d = 0.17), and physical self-efficacy (d = 0.15–0.19) in both boys and girls. Enhancing AMSC may have mediating effects on levels of physical performance and psychological constructs in school-aged children, which may hold important implications for physical activity levels and the development of physical literacy.

The Mediating Role of Global and Contingent Self-Esteem in the Association Between Emerging Adults’ Perceptions of Family Cohesion and Test Anxiety

The aim of this study is to investigate the importance of family cohesion and self-esteem regarding test anxiety among emerging adults. The study’s hypothesis is that cohesion experienced in a university student’s family of origin predicts test anxiety. The mediating role of self-esteem was tested considering both global self-esteem and contingent self-esteem based on one’s perceived competence. The study also examines whether these associations differ across groups based on gender or residential status. The research questions were investigated using students’ self-reported measures of test anxiety, global self-esteem, contingent self-esteem, and family cohesion. The results, based on data gathered from 487 university students, revealed that global self-esteem was a negative predictor of test anxiety and contingent self-esteem was a positive predictor of test anxiety. These findings indicate that the level and source of self-esteem must be considered regarding test anxiety. Further, adaptive family cohesion impacted test anxiety by increasing global self-esteem and decreasing contingent self-esteem. Although these indirect associations were rather weak, they highlight the impact of the family of origin during emerging adulthood. The pattern of interrelations was similar among men and women, as well as among those living together or apart from their family of origin.

Instrumentality Gives Girls the Edge: Gender-Differential Relations Between Instrumentality, Achievement Motivation, and Self-Esteem

Gender differences in school are often discussed in reference to a particular type of masculinity, negative masculinity, which is often conceptualized as detrimental to success. Another type of masculinity, instrumentality, has rarely been studied in schools even though instrumental characteristics are often exalted outside the academic context. The current study focuses on potential benefits that students may reap from instrumentality. The extent to which an instrumental self-concept is directly and indirectly associated with achievement motivation and self-esteem was examined for adolescent boys and girls in a structural equation model (SEM). A sample of German ninth graders (N = 355) completed self-report measures pertaining to their gender role self-concept, hope for success, fear of failure, and global and academic contingent self-esteem. The SEM revealed that instrumentality was associated with lower fear of failure and higher hope for success for both male and female adolescents. High scores in instrumentality were associated with greater self-esteem and lower academic contingent self-esteem. The association between instrumentality and global self-esteem was stronger for adolescent girls, and the indirect association between instrumentality and fear of failure through global self-esteem was significant only for girls. Results indicate that instrumentality can be an asset for students and that female students especially reap the benefits of an instrumental self-concept. The results are discussed in reference to the dangers of emphasizing solely the association between negative masculinity and academic failure, and the importance of studying relations with gender role self-concept separately for male and female adolescents.

Validation of an Adapted Version of the Glasgow Anxiety Scale for People with Intellectual Disabilities (GAS-ID).

The objective of the study was to validate adapted versions of the Glasgow Anxiety Scale for people with Intellectual Disabilities (GAS-ID) simultaneously developed in English and French. A sample of 361 youth with mild to moderate intellectual disability (ID) (M = 15.78years) from Australia (English-speaking) and Canada (French-speaking) participated in this study. The results supported the factor validity and reliability, measurement invariance (between English and French versions), a lack of differential items functioning (as a function of youth's age and ID level, but not sex in the English-Australian sample), temporal stability (over one year interval), and convergent validity (with global self-esteem and school loneliness) of a bi-factor exploratory structural equation modeling representation of the GAS-ID. The present study supports the psychometric properties of the English-Australian and French-Canadian versions of the adapted GAS-ID.

A New Technique to Increase Self-Esteem by Reading and Mental Visualization: The Lexical Association Technique

Introduction: Self-esteem is central to human well-being, quality of life, and mental health. Therefore, it is important to propose preventive and therapeutic techniques to deal with decline in self-esteem. Different interventions have been proposed and their efficacies have been validated. However, they present certain constraints such as a cognitive and/or emotional cost, which limit some clinical applications. Method: Based on contributions from cognitive, social, and clinical psychology, we propose to test the efficacy of a new technique for self-esteem enhancement using brief lexical associations and mental visualization (six sessions of five minutes) for a stimulation of episodic and semantic self-perceptions. Results: Comparing the Lexical Association Technique to a control technique and using a double-blind pre-post design, two studies show the efficacy of this new technique on global self-esteem in two samples of students (nStudy1 = 36; nStudy2 = 89), as well as a sustained effect up to 5 days after the technique is stopped. Discussion: The mechanisms underlying the efficacy of this technique are discussed. Further studies are needed to precise the clinical applicability of the Lexical Association Technique on patients.

Global Self-Esteem and Stress Intensity in a Group of Polish Nurses-A Mediatory Role of a Sense of Coherence.

(1) Owing to their resistance resources, nurses can reduce the effects of stress, increase their commitment to work and improve their functioning in the face of challenges in the workplace. The aim of this study was to determine the mediatory role of a general sense of coherence and a sense of comprehensibility, manageability and meaningfulness correlated with global self-esteem and the perceived stress intensity in a group of Polish nurses aged 45–55 years. (2) The research using the diagnostic survey method was conducted on a group of 176 nurses (M = 49.1; SD = 3.1) working in seven hospitals located in Olsztyn (Poland). The following were used for data collection: Perceived Stress Scale - PSS-10, Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale and Antonovsky’s Sense of Coherence (SOC-29) Questionnaire. (3) According to 21.02% of the nurses, their stress level at the workplace was low, 44.89% reported it was medium and 34.09% reported it was high. The self-esteem of nearly half of the nurses included in the study (48.30%) was at a medium level, 31.82% felt it was high and 19.89% felt it was low. The mediation analysis showed that a general sense of coherence and a sense of comprehensibility, manageability and meaningfulness have a mediator status in a correlation between global self-esteem and stress intensity. However, their mediatory role is partial. It is desirable for safe work environment promotion programmes to reinforce nurses’ personal resources, which can be helpful in coping with stressors.

A New Global Measure (GSE-1) and a New Aspect-Based Measure (ASE-13) of Self-Esteem

Background: Existing measures of self-esteem are out of date and should be replaced. Global self-esteem measures need to be replaced by an efficient single-item measure suitable for everyday monitoring in clinical settings. Aspect-based measures of self-esteem need to be replaced by a measure that covers not only traditional influences on self-esteem but also contemporary influences brought about by the Internet and social media. Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to develop a new single-item measure of global self-esteem and a new and more modern multiple-item measure of aspect-based self-esteem. Method: A two-stage method was used. The first stage consisted of a search of academic studies, main media coverage, and social media coverage of self-esteem issues to identify the main traditional and contemporary ones. The second stage consisted of in-depth qualitative interviews to develop the two questionnaires. Results: Serious problems with the major existing measures of self-esteem were found and were taken into account in developing the two new measures. Two new measures are offered: the GSE-1, a new single-item measure of global self-esteem, and the ASE-13, a new aspect-based measure of self-esteem. Conclusions: The new global measure and aspect-based measure of self-esteem are suggested to be the most efficient and up-to-date measures available. They are easily translatable into other languages using Google Translate or similar, but should be checked for local wording before use.

Effect of Yoga on Motor Skills and Self-Esteem in Kindergarten Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

The present randomized controlled trial examines the effects of yoga, as opposed to general physical education (PE) and passive controls, on the motor skills and self-esteem of Tunisian kindergarten children. Fifty-four children (24 females, 30 males; age 5.2 ± 0.6 years; weight 17.8 ± 2.3 kg; height 103.1 ± 5.0 cm; BMI 17.26 ± 0.46 kg/m2) were randomly divided into three groups of 18 (yoga, PE, and controls), and blindly administered the Eurofit physical fitness test battery and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale prior to and after 12 weeks. During this period, the yoga and PE groups attended two weekly yoga and PE sessions of 30 minutes each, respectively. At T0, no significant differences between the groups were observed (p > 0.660). Repeated-measures analysis of variance associated yoga with higher levels of motor skills (p < 0.05; effect size for arm strength [ηp2] = 0.17, leg strength [ηp2] = 0.17, flexibility [ηp2] = 0.33; speed [ηp2] = 0.61, and balance [ηp2] = 0.19) and global self-esteem in comparison to the PE and control groups (p < 0.001; ηp2 = 0.42). Twelve weeks of kindergarten-based yoga appears to improve self-esteem and motor skills in 5-year-old children. The yoga intervention as a school routine seems to enhance development, health, and the well-being of children.

Self-esteem moderates the impact of perceived social support on the life satisfaction of adults with autism spectrum disorder.

Although social resources and self-esteem are well-known predictors of subjective well-being in the general population, the relations among these factors have not yet been investigated in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The present preliminary study sought to compare the levels of life satisfaction, self-esteem and perceived social support between adults with ASD and typically developing volunteers (TYP). It also examined whether self-esteem would moderate the effect of perceived social support on life satisfaction in adults with ASD. Fifty-seven adults with ASD without intellectual disability and 60 age-matched TYP in the United Kingdom (UK) completed self-reported measures of perceived social support, global self-esteem, and life satisfaction. Results indicated that adults with ASD reported significantly lower levels of life satisfaction and self-esteem (but not social support) than TYP. Hierarchical regressions revealed that both social support and self-esteem were significant predictors of life satisfaction in adults with ASD. Self-esteem buffered the effect of perceived social support on life satisfaction. This study corroborated a growing body of evidence that suggests that adults with ASD report lower levels of self-esteem and life satisfaction than TYP. In addition, it reported for the first time that global self-esteem influences the association between social support and life satisfaction in adults with ASD. The present findings suggest that interventions aimed at enhancing self-esteem and cultivating social relationships could be important areas for intervention to improve the well-being of adults with ASD.

Relationship between Self Esteem and Emotional Regulation Strategies among Gifted Students participating in a Chilean Extracurricular Enrichment Program

Global self-esteem and Emotional Regulation contribute to the well-being, social adaptation and comprehensive development of people, both of which are scarcely studied in Gifted students, especifically in the Chilean and Latin American context, hence their importance. This study seeks to identify the level of global self-esteem, recognize the emotional regulation strategy used and the relationship between global self-esteem and emotional regulation strategies in 37 Gifted students participants in a Chilean extracurricular enrichment program. To this effect, the Piers-Harris Self-Concept Scale for children and young people, in Gorostegui's version, and the Emotional Regulation Questionnaire for children and adolescents (ERQ-CA), version revised by Gullone and Taffe (2012) are used. A descriptive analysis and a correlation analysis of variables are carried out, revealing that these students have adequate levels of global self-esteem, mostly use cognitive reassessment as an emotional regulation strategy, and there is a statistically significant negative correlation between global self-esteem and expressive suppression. This study becomes a contribution to the knowledge of socio-affective qualities of Gifted students and highlights the relevance of creating educational spaces focused on the satisfaction of their needs in a comprehensive and systematic manner.