Global PSQI Research Articles

A Cross-sectional Study of Interrelationship Between Sleep and Sexual Dysfunction in Indian Females

Background: Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) is a highly prevalent health problem but is often paid less attention, moreso in developing countries. There are many factors responsible for dysfunction such as disturbed sleep and mental health problems. However, it is largely understudied. Aims and objective: The aim of the present study was to observe the relationship between sleep and sexual functioning and to observe the relationship between mental health problems (depression and anxiety), sleep and sexual functioning. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary health care center in India. Seventy adult female patients who were visiting Department of OBGY, OPD for any ailment, were sexually active and consenting for the study were included. The participants were evaluated on sleep, sexual activity, depression and anxiety by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Female sexual functioning index (FSFI), Beck’s depression inventory and Beck’s anxiety inventory, respectively. Result: The mean age of the sample was 33.5 (SD 6.2) years. Only 4% of the participants (n = 3) reported moderate to severe depression. Thirty percent of the participants (n = 21) reported mild anxiety symptoms. The median sleep latency of the participants was 42 (10,180) minutes. The mean subjective total sleep time was 356.6 (SD 60.3) minutes. 27.1% of the participants (n = 19) reported Global PSQI scores >5 suggesting sleep disturbance. Ten percent of the participants (n = 7) reported mild to moderate sexual dysfunction, 55.7% of the participants reported mild sexual dysfunction. A significant positive correlation was observed between hours of sleep and sexual satisfaction. Conclusion: A healthy sleep is necessary for good sexual functioning. The sexual functioning is also affected by mental health problems such as depression and anxiety in females.

Emergency nursing staff's well-being, burnout, and sleep on 12-hour shifts.

To know job satisfaction, work-family balance, sleep quality, and burnout in nursing staff after the introduction of the 12-h rotating shift in the emergency department of a tertiary hospital. Cross-sectional observational design carried out in February 2023 for the first collection (T1) and October 2023 for the second collection (T2) in emergency nursing staff. Sociodemographic data, work and family reconciliation, job satisfaction, degree of burnout, and sleep quality were collected. In T1, 66.7% (74) of professionals answered, with an average age of 44.72 years (SD:10.60). 50% were on a 12-h shift. In T2, 91.9% (102) of professionals answered, with an average age of 44.75 years (SD11.07). 54.9% were on a 12-h shift. 71.2% in T1 and 66.7% in T2 were somewhat or very satisfied with the flexibility of their work schedules. 8.9% in T1 and 10.3% had a high overall burnout. In T1, the average global PSQI score was 7.66 (SD:3.82) and in T2 it was 8.46 (SD:4.05). Significant differences were found in terms of work and family reconciliation between the different rotating shifts analyzed (p < 0.05), and not significant for the rest of the variables. Emergency nursing staff prefer 12-h shifts as they facilitate work-family reconciliation and do not negatively affect sleep, burnout, or job satisfaction.

Relationship between the Lifestyle and Mental Health of Medical Students of UCMS, Bhairahawa: A Cross-Sectional Study

INTRODUCTION Medical students suffered from high level of stress during their studies and this percentage has been increasing. This study was conducted to find out association between lifestyle and mental health of MBBS and BDS students to encourage effective intervention to manage the stress. MATERIAL AND METHODS A cross sectional study was conducted at Universal College of medical sciences, Bhairahawa comprising both MBBS and BDS students from first to final years by written questionnaire using stress assessing tools. RESULTS Out of 202 students, 85.1% participants experienced stress of which 73.2% went through moderate stress while 11.9% with high stress. MBBS students were found to be more stressed than that BDS which was 59.4%. While concerning global PSQI, 57.9% complained for disturbed sleep. A significant association of stress was found with poor study ability as 89.2% experienced difficulty in coping up with study. Although more than half of students are physically active, the perceived stress score was seen still higher. A positive correlation was seen between study pattern with global PSQI (r =0.347, p= 0.001) and PSS (r =0.519, p=0.001). CONCLUSION Sleeping pattern, physical activity, substance abuse and nutrition affect mental status. Hence, interventions should be done considering all dimensions to avoid further fatal consequences.

Impact of Pemphigus on Sleep Quality: A Prospective Observational Single-Center Case-Control Study.

Pemphigus, an autoimmune disorder, significantly impacts the quality of life for those affected. This study examined the sleep quality in patients with pemphigus, a domain for which the existing literature provides limited data without a focused analysis. A total of 156 individuals, 52 in the case and 104 in the control group, completed several questionnaires (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI], General Health Questionnaire-12 [GHQ-12], and ABQOL [Autoimmune Bullous Disease Quality of Life]). Disease severity was evaluated using the Pemphigus disease area index (PDAI index). The case group exhibited significantly higher levels of psychological distress, reflected in GHQ-12 scores (P = 0.00), and notably poorer sleep quality compared to controls across various parameters (sleep latency [SL], disturbances [SDi], medication [SM], daytime sleep dysfunction [DSD]), and the global PSQI score (GS)] (P = 0.00)). Significant correlations were observed between PDAI scores and sleep duration (SDu) (P = 0.01), SM (P=0.03), SL (P =0.03), and GS (P=0.00). An association was found between the equivalent steroid intake and SDu (P=0.00) as well as GS (P=0.02). No statistically significant correlation emerged between disease duration and PSQI scores. Our findings indicated a correlation between poor sleep quality and cutaneous rather than mucosal manifestations (p=0.01). Pemphigus affects sleep quality. Severe disease showed heightened SDi, correlating with higher steroid doses, and in the chronic phase, the impact seems to have been more influenced by the pro-inflammatory stage of the disease. Patients with cutaneous pemphigus exhibited reduced sleep quality compared to those with oral pemphigus. Understanding that pemphigus worsens sleep quality can be beneficial for the holistic management of individuals with this condition.

Relationship between sleep quality during pregnancy and postpartum anxiety: a prospective birth cohort study

The present study aimed to determine the relationship between sleep quality during pregnancy and postpartum anxiety.A total of 237 pregnant women participated in this birth cohort study, using the sequential sampling method. The data collection tools included a demographic information form, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Inventory, and Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. The PSQI was completed by the participants at 28 and 40 weeks of gestation, and the STAI was completed in two stages, that is, once in the third trimester and once at eight weeks postpartum.The mean global PSQI score of the participants was 8.11 (SD=5.41) in this study. Overall, 138 (58.2%) women had poor sleep quality. The mean score for overt anxiety was 36.58 (SD=9.37), and the mean score for latent anxiety was 37.56 (SD=9.44). There was a significant positive correlation between the total score of sleep quality during pregnancy and the scores of overt anxieties (r=0.314, P&lt;0.001) and latent anxiety (r=0.344, P&lt;0.001) after delivery.The results of the present study indicated a significant relationship between sleep quality during pregnancy and postpartum anxiety. Therefore, it is recommended to evaluate the quality of sleep of pregnant women and design appropriate interventions during pregnancy to reduce postpartum anxiety. Keywords: Sleep; pregnant woman; postpartum period.

Сезонные изменения качества сна студентов как предикторы «адаптационной» инсомнии

Background: Sleep disorders occur even at a young age and may result from environmental factors such as circannual fluctuations in hormonal background and social sleep restriction, leading to the development of insomnia. The aim of the study: To assess the quality of sleep in young people (medical students), living in the city of Vladikavkaz in the spring and autumn seasons of the year for identifying predictors of insomnia. Materials and methods: With the help of the Pittsburgh questionnaire to determine the indices of sleep quality, we conducted a survey of 435 2-3 year medical students of the North Ossetian State Medical Academy (age 20.1±0.08) in seasons with a multidirectional photoperiod trend. In the spring period, 270 students were surveyed, in the autumn – 165. C17 components were assessed from 0 to 3 points, in total they determined the overall sleep quality index (Global Score PSQI, (GS)). We analyzed the sleep time of students, the relationship with latency and sleep duration. Results: The total score (GS) in the spring season was 7.19 (boys – 6.07; girls – 7.51), in autumn – 5.69 (boys – 5.59; girls – 5.75). “Bad sleep” is noted by 66.7% of respondents in spring, and 46.4% in autumn. The main contribution to the proportion of students with poor sleep quality in the spring is made by girls – 71.4%, in autumn, the proportion of students with a good quality of sleep increases, both among girls and boys. In the overall negative assessment of the quality of sleep in the spring, the leading role is played by sleep latency (contribution of 21.5%), in addition, the time of going to bed in 69.7% of medical students shifts to a period after 24:00, provoking a violation of circadian rhythms organism. Conclusion: The overall sleep quality index and the components of the PSQI questionnaire during the survey of medical students have a seasonal dependence. In all the studied seasons, students had a “poor” quality of sleep (more than 5 points), but in autumn, sleep characteristics improved by 21% according to Global Score points. In both seasons, students have 3 groups of symptoms out of 5 main criteria for the diagnosis of insomnia syndrome, which allows us to regard violations of the main components of the sleep index as predictors of the development of adaptive (acute) insomnia.

Effect of Mat Pilates intervention on sleep quality in adolescent girls: A single blinded randomised controlled trial

BackgroundPilates, a low-to-moderate intensity workout provides an alternative to traditional methods that stimulate both the mind and the body. Adolescent girls often experience sub optimal sleep quality, especially on school days, posing significant health risks. This study aims to investigate the effects of Pilates on the sleep quality of adolescent females. MethodsA single-blinded Randomized Controlled Trial was conducted at a Physiotherapy OPD. Eligible adolescent girls (aged 10–19) with PSQI scores exceeding 5 were enrolled. Sixty participants were allocated each to Group A (Control) or Group B (Mat Pilates) via convenience sampling. Parental consent and participant assent were obtained. Group A maintained daily activities with ergonomic exercises, while Group B underwent Mat Pilates training three times weekly for eight weeks. Data were collected at baseline, at the end of 4th and 8th week. ResultBetween-group analysis at the 4th and 8th weeks showed significant differences. Post hoc analysis with Bonferroni adjustment revealed notable improvements from baseline to both time points (p < 0.05). The experimental group achieved a 45.14 % greater reduction in Global PSQI score compared to the control group, indicating significant improvements in sleep quality. The experimental group also showed a substantial 53.39 % improvement in sleep duration and a significant 65 % reduction in sleep latency, outperforming the control group. ConclusionThis study reveals promising improvements in sleep quality, highlighting the potential benefits of Pilates for this demographic. This can be a valuable approach to enhancing sleep quality among adolescent girls, potentially contributing to their overall health and life quality.

A Cross-Sectional Study to Analyze the Physical and Cognitive Fatigue Due to Sleep Disruption Among Shift Workers in Tamilnadu

The objective of this research is to analyse the extent and manner of the kind of fatigue among shift workers in Tamil Nadu, India. As for shift workers, they often have disturbed night’s sleep. Shift work is distinguished by its irregular and unique work hours, unlike the regular day-time Schedule. It is combined with circadian alteration, which affects most of the bodily activities. They have diverse sorts of health problems, such as physical and mental fatigue. A Cross-sectional Analysis was done among airport workers. 200 participants were randomly selected for the study aged 35-45 years and conducted for a duration of 6 months in the Airport, Tamilnadu. Sleep quality and cognition were assessed using a validated questionnaire. The muscle fatigue was evaluated using Mosso’s ergograph. R-statistical Software (version 4.0.2) was used for Data Analysis. The Primary analyses of data set’s normality were done by Kolmogorov - Smirnov Z test. Significant negative correlation exists between global PSQI score and both cognition score (r= -0.315, P&lt;0.001) and Work done by Mosso (r= -0.405, P&lt;0.001) There is also negative correlation exists between work done and the cognition score (r= - 0.565, P&lt;0.001) which is statistically significant. Decreased Sleep Quality, more fatigue and lowering of cognition levels not only affects physical health but also the quality of life. It has been noted that sleep disturbance leads to physical and mental exhaustion among Tamil Nadu shift workers. The outcomes underscore the need for targeted interventions to improve sleep-related behaviours as well as the treatment of fatigue in this population. Reducing the disturbances of shift work effects on produce, growth as well as health may be authorized by way of implementing organized work shifts and also promoting sleep promotion.

Ingestion of β-nicotinamide mononucleotide increased blood NAD levels, maintained walking speed, and improved sleep quality in older adults in a double-blind randomized, placebo-controlled study.

The study evaluated how ingestion of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) for 12weeks by older adults affected blood nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD +) levels and physical function, particularly walking function. Information concerning sleep, and stress was also collected as secondary endpoints. In this randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group comparison study, 60 participants were randomly allocated into a placebo group or NMN group. Members of the NMN group consumed 250mg/day NMN for 12weeks. Motor function tests, blood NAD metabolite analysis, and questionnaires were conducted at the start of the study and 4 and 12weeks after intake. This trial was registered at umin.ac.jp/ctr as UMIN000047871 on June 22nd, 2022.At primary outcome, at both 4weeks and 12weeks, the NMN and placebo groups had no significant differences in a stepping test. At secondary outcomes, after 12weeks of NMN intake, the NMN group had a significantly shorter 4-m walking time than the placebo group as well as significantly higher blood levels of NAD + and its metabolites. A significant negative correlation was observed between the change in the 4-m walking time and the change in blood NAD + , N1-methyl-2-pridone-5-carboxamide (2-PY), and N1-methyl-4-pridone-3-carboxamide (4-PY) at 12weeks. The NMN group had improved sleep quality at 12weeks relative to the placebo group as evidenced by lower scores for "Daytime dysfunction" and "Global PSQI" on the Pittsburgh Sleep Questionnaire. No adverse effects related to test substance consumption were observed. Together, these results indicate that NMN intake could increase blood NAD + levels, maintain walking speed, and improve sleep quality in older adults. Interventions involving NMN aimed at maintaining walking speed could contribute to extended healthy life expectancy.

Effect of Altered Sleep, Perceived Stress on Muscle Strength between Night and Day Shift Workers: A Cross-Sectional Study in Chennai

A minimum of 20% of the global population suffers from sleep debt, which includes shift workers. The risks to one's health and well-being are caused by shift work, increased workload, and other substantial problems. Sleep disruptions will lead to stress, catabolize muscle proteins, and reduce muscular strength in night shift workers. To assess whether sleep quality and perceived stress level have an effect on muscle strength among shift workers. A cross-sectional analysis was performed on the airport workers. One hundred night duty workers and one hundred day duty workers aged 25-40 were randomly selected, and the study was conducted for four months in Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Tamil Nadu. A validated questionnaire evaluated the quality of sleep and stress levels. Muscle strength was determined using Mosso’s ergograph. Version 3.6.3 of the R statistical software was used to analyze the data. Kolmogorov-Smimov ‘Z’ test was used to determine the data set's normality. Significant negative correlations are observed between Mosso'sergo graph and both PSS (r = -0.501, p &lt;0.001) and global PSQI score (r = -0.331, p &lt;0.001). P-value &lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant. This indicates that higher muscle strength is related to decreased perceived stress levels and better sleep quality. Workplace health policies have to be improved. Adequate resting time and stress management training are essential to reduce the adverse effects of rotational work on theworker’s performance in addition to their well-being.

Does Parkinson's disease affect sleep quality?

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease that is linked to several motor and nonmotor symptoms, including sleep disturbances. Patient quality of life has been shown to be disproportionally impacted by disease. To investigate sleep quality among individuals with PD, and to assess the severity of sleep disturbances and their impact on daytime activities. A case‒control with 44 patients with Parkinson's disease and 80 apparently healthy control participants was recruited from several hospitals and clinics. Each participant provided a thorough medical history and underwent a physical examination, and a questionnaire comprising the standard PSQI was used to assess sleep quality. Independent samples t test and Spearman's correlation analysis were used with a p value equal to or less than 0.05 which was considered significant. The mean global PSQI score was 11.55 ± 4.412 for PD patients and 5.73 ± 3.22 for the control group with significant p value, Sleep latency onset was 75.57min for PD patients and 22.81min for the control group with significant p value. There was no significant correlation between age and other sleep-related variables. A total of 86.4% of patients with Parkinson's disease suffered from varying degrees of daytime dysfunction compared to 61.25% of the controls. Parkinson's disease patients had poorer sleep quality than the controls. Age and sex were not found to be expected as a factor for sleep quality in patients with Parkinson's disease. Daytime dysfunction rates are high in patients with Parkinson's disease.

A comparative study of Goksheera and Mahisha-ksheera w.s.r. to Quality of sleep - An observational study

Introduction: Ahara, Nidra and Brahmacharya are three sub-pillars, which support the main pillar, the body itself. Health is the supreme foundation for the achievement of happy life. Objective of Ayurveda is to accomplish the physical, mental, social and spiritual well-being, by adopting the preventive and promotive approach as well as treating the diseases with various remissive approaches. Aim: 1. To compare the effect of Goksheera and Mahishaksheera w.s.r. to improve the Quality of Sleep. Objectives: 1. To Assess the Effect of Goksheera to improve the Quality of Sleep. 2. To Assess the Effect of Mahishaksheera to improve the Quality of Sleep. 3. To Compare the Efficacy of Goksheera and Mahishaksheera to improve the Quality of Sleep. Methodology: - People who fulfill the eligibility criteria was selected who are voluntarily willing to participate in the study and assessed their quality of sleep by Using PQSI scale and advising Goksheera and Mahishaksheera in Luke warm condition 1 hr. before going to bed for 1 month. The selected Subjects are advised to maintain a sleep dairy to confirm sleeping/sleepless pattern. The data was collected before treatment and after treatment follow up, the intervention was compared and analyzed by using Wilcoxon Signed Rank W test and Mann –Whitney U test applied after consulting the Biostatistician. Ethical clearance: Was obtained from Institutional Ethics Committee of Parul Institute of Ayurveda, Parul University. Observations and Results: On Quality of Sleep is assessed by PQSI Scale, improvement showed were in Sleep Quality (58.12%), Sleep latency (60.35%), Sleep duration (65.72%), Sleep efficiency (60.40%), Sleep disturbances (56.99%), Daytime dysfunction (63.58%), and Global score PSQI (71.77%). Conclusion: Both Goksheera and Mahishaksheera have shown the beneficial effect, in the improvement of Quality of Sleep. But in between two groups, Mahishaksheera had shown more significant result, to improve the Quality of Sleep. Hence, the Null Hypothesis rejected.

Multi-strain probiotic improves subjective sleep quality with no impact on body composition, hemodynamics, and physical activity.

The objective of the study was to examine the impact of a multi-strain probiotic (MSP) on sleep, physical activity, and body composition changes. We used a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled approach with 70 healthy men and women (31.0± 9.5 years, 173.0± 10.4cm, 73.9± 13.8kg, 24.6± 3.5kg/m2) supplemented daily with MSP (4× 109 live cells Limosilactobacillus fermentum LF16, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LR06, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LP01, and Bifidobacterium longum 04; Probiotical S.p.A., Novara, Italy) or placebo (PLA). In response to supplementation (after 0, 2, 4, and 6 weeks of supplementation) and 3 weeks after stopping supplementation, participants had subjective (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI) and objective sleep indicators, body composition, daily physical activity and resting hemodynamics assessed. Subjective sleep quality indicators using the PSQI (sleep latency, sleep disturbance, and global PSQI score) improved ( P < 0.05) at various time points with MSP supplementation. Systolic blood pressure in PLA increased ( P < 0.05) after 6 weeks of supplementation with no change in MSP. No changes ( P > 0.05) in sleep (hours asleep, minutes awake, number of times awake) or physical activity (step count, minutes of sedentary activity, total active minutes) metrics assessed by the wearable device were observed. Additionally, no changes in resting heart rate, diastolic blood pressure, and body composition were discerned. In conclusion, MSP supplementation improved the subjective ability to fall asleep faster and disturbances experienced during sleep, which resulted in improved overall sleep quality as assessed by the PSQI. No differences in other sleep indicators, physical activity, hemodynamics, and body composition were observed during or following MSP supplementation. Registered at clinicaltrials.gov: NCT05343533.

Exploring the relationship between sunlight exposure, psychological health, and gestational weight gain: a prospective observational study

IntroductionGestational weight gain (GWG) is influenced by various factors during pregnancy. This study attempts to explore the relationship between environmental factors i.e., sunlight exposure and psychological health i.e. psychological well-being and sleep quality during pregnancy with total gestational weight gain.MethodsThis was a prospective observational study conducted in government maternity clinics in Kuala Lumpur. Pregnant women aged 19–39 years without comorbidities were recruited during second trimester and followed up until birth. The participants were required to wear a UVB dosimeter for a total of three consecutive days (2 weekdays and 1 weekend) to determine sunlight exposure (SED) during their second trimester. The PSQI and DASS-21 were used to determine sleep quality and psychological wellbeing, respectively. GWG data were collected from clinic health records. The association of sun exposure and psychological health with total GWG was determined using multiple linear regression.ResultsA total of 73 pregnant women aged 27.9 ± 3.3 years were included in the analysis. The prevalence of pregnant women exhibiting stress, anxiety, and depression symptoms was 11%, 40%, and 16% respectively. The global PSQI median score was 5 (IQR = 3), with 59% having poor sleep quality. Median sleep duration was 7 h (IQR = 2) while median sleep efficiency was 92% (IQR = 14). The median SED was 0.04 (IQR = 0.09), with 51% of them being under the 50th percentile. The majority had adequate GWG (58%). Sleep parameters were not found to be correlated with total GWG except for sleep latency (ρ = -0.356, p = 0.002). Sunlight exposure was found to have no significant relationship with sleep and total GWG. Adjusted multiple linear regression showed that greater depression is associated with higher total GWG (β = 0.239, p = 0.039) while controlling for sleep quality.ConclusionDepression was associated with total GWG when sleep quality was controlled for while sunlight exposure had no significant association with GWG. Future studies should study the complex relationship between factors of mental health, sleep, and weight gain during pregnancy. Healthcare providers may be better equipped to develop interventions aimed to prevent negative maternal and fetal health outcomes.

Determinants of sleep quality among pregnant women in a selected institution in the Southern province, Sri Lanka.

Sleep is a vital requirement during pregnancy for the betterment of the fetus and the mother. Sleep quality could vary due to pregnancy-specific psychological and physiological changes. To introduce a tailored programme to enhance the sleep quality of mothers, it is paramount to assess the sleep quality and determinants of sleep. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the determinants of sleep quality among pregnant women in a selected institution in the Southern province of Sri Lanka. Hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out with 245 antenatal women, selected using a systematic random sampling method. A pretested self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data which contains four parts. Below variables were involved and both continuous and categorical data were collected as required. 'Maternal sleep quality, socio-demographic data and gestational age, maternal depression and anxiety.' Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 25.0 for Windows by using descriptive statistics, Pearson's Chi-square test, and independent sample T-test (p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis was used to find the relationship with sleep quality and other variables. P-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant, at 95% CI. The majority of women (60.8%) had good sleep quality and they didn't have either depressive symptoms (63.4%) or anxiety (64.2%). Aged between 34-41 years and third-trimester women had higher rates of poor sleep quality. Varying quality of sleep was identified among three-trimesters with subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, habitual sleep efficiency, and sleep disturbances. In comparison with the first and second trimester, pregnant women in the third trimester had higher score of global PSQI (5.22 ± 2.35), subjective sleep quality (1.23 ± 0.70), sleep latency (1.25 ± 0.86), habitual sleep efficiency (0.14 ± 0.43), and sleep disturbances (1.39 ± 0.58). There was a significant association between gestational age (P = .006), maternal age (P = .009), antenatal depression (P = .034), and anxiety (P = .013) with sleep quality. However, multinomial logistic regression revealed that only gestational age affected on quality of sleep. The first trimester was a protective factor for good quality sleep (Adjusted OR = 3.156) compared to the other two trimesters. This study revealed that the majority of women had good sleep quality but quality of sleep was deprived with gestational age. It is expected that the findings of this research will be helpful for health and social care policymakers when formulating guidelines and interventions regarding improving the quality of sleep among pregnant women in Sri Lanka.

P065 A Comparison of Two Obesity Related Hypoventilation Disorders – Impact on Sleep, Quality of Life and Neurocognitive Outcomes and the Effects of PAP Therapy

Abstract Introduction Symptom burden and neurocognitive function have not been previous compared between patients with obesity-associated hypoventilation disorders (obesity hypoventilation syndrome, OHS), and hypoventilation in the setting of obesity and obstructive airways disease (OHAD). The aim of this study is to compare baseline sleep-related symptoms, health-related quality of life and neurocognitive function between OHS and OHAD and the impact of PAP therapy on these outcomes. Methods ESS, PSQI, SF36, and various neurocognitive tests, in addition to anthropometric, polysomnography, lung function and blood gas data from 45 patients with OHS and 32 patients with OHAD, were included in the analysis. Between groups (OHS vs OHAD), pre- and post-treatment (with 3 months of positive airway pressure) comparisons were made using linear mixed modelling. Results Both OHS and OHAD had similar baseline ESS (14(5.6) vs. 12(5.4)), Global PSQI (10(3.2) vs 11(4.8)), SF36 and neurocognitive test performances (other than OHAD had lower digit symbol substitution test performance). Treatment with PAP therapy resulted in similar improvements in ESS, Global PSQI, and SF36 in both groups. Neurocognitive performance did not significantly improve after PAP therapy in either group. Discussion The symptom burden between two separate hypoventilation disorders (OHS and OHAD), in terms of sleepiness, sleep quality, quality of life and cognitive function, were similar. OHS and OHAD had similar treatment responses in these parameters after 3 months of PAP therapy.

Pilot feasibility and acceptability study evaluating use of group CBT-I in improving sleep and fatigue in older adults.

This paper describes a pilot study, in a small sample of older adults, designed to ascertain the feasibility, acceptability and potential effectiveness of group Cognitive Behavioural Therapy For Insomnia (CBT-I). Eleven older adults participated in a 3-week group CBT-I intervention with pre- and post-intervention outcome measures of sleep and fatigue. Acceptability was measured via post-intervention focus groups. Feasibility was measured via recruitment, retention and completion data. Subjective sleep outcomes were measured pre- and post-intervention using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Fatigue was measured using the Fatigue Severity Index. Objective sleep outcome measures were obtained via pre- and post-intervention wrist actigraphy. Feasibility and acceptability were confirmed in the pilot study. Retention and completion levels were high, with participants largely positive in the focus group feedback. Preliminary sleep outcome data supported the potential effectiveness of the intervention in significantly improving several measures of sleep and fatigue including a three-point reduction in the Global PSQI scores, an increase in total sleep time of almost an hour per night and these results were mirrored by a significant reduction of nine points in the overall measure of fatigue severity. A group CBT-I intervention is a low-cost, low-risk intervention which improves subjective and objective measures of sleep in older adults. These positive sleep outcomes are translated into significantly decreased levels of fatigue. Future research should focus on a larger sample size with a randomised controlled trial design.

Performance of physical, cardiovascular, and psychological functions in middle-aged women with and without breast cancer

PurposeTo compare the physical performance, including upper-limb motor and cardiovascular functions, and psychological functions, including anxiety and depression, sleep, and fatigue, between women with and without breast cancer. MethodsThirty-two women with breast cancer and 32 healthy counterparts were recruited for the study. Upper-limb muscle strength, shoulder range of motion, and upper-limb function were assessed using a handheld dynamometer, a goniometer, and the short form of the Disabilities of Arm-Shoulder-Hand Questionnaire, respectively. Exercise endurance and cardiovascular functions were assessed using the 6-min walk test and blood pressure and heart rate variability, respectively. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and the Fatigue Assessment Scale were used to assess the symptoms of anxiety and depression, sleep quality, and fatigue, respectively. ResultsBreast cancer participants’ body-weight-adjusted upper-limb strength of both the affected and unaffected sides (0.11–0.14) was only 61.1–77.8% of those of the healthy participants (0.18). Their shoulder mobility of the affected side (flexion: 161.64°; abduction: 157.01°) were 94.2% (flexion) and 92.5% (abduction) of those of the healthy participants (flexion: 171.56°; abduction: 169.68°), respectively. Breast cancer participants had higher quickDASH mean score (19.53), HADS-A mean score (6.78), HADS-D mean score (4.72), global PSQI mean score (7.22) and FAS mean score (25.97) as well as shorter mean distance covered by 6 MWT (496.66 m) than those of the healthy participants. ConclusionsRehabilitative interventions, such as mind–body interventions and exercise training, target physical fitness and promote the psychological health of women with breast cancer are necessary.

The Impact of Smartphone Addiction on Sleep Quality Among High School Students in Makkah, Saudi Arabia.

Background Smartphones are Internet-accessible devices that everyone can use in any setting, and their popularity is growing. However, the pervasiveness of smartphone technology has raised concerns owing to its addictive effect among adolescents and its association with sleep quality and mental and physical health issues. Objectives This study aimed to determine the effect of smartphone addiction on sleep quality among secondary high schools in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Methods The study was conducted on high school students in Makkah, Saudi Arabia, using an analytical cross-sectional design, from January 2023 to August 2023. The study used a multistage stratified random sampling technique to select participants. The data were collected from an online self-administered survey and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows (IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States). Results This study included 373 respondents. Among those, males representtwo-thirds of the study population (66%), while females are 34%. The median age of the participants is 16 years old, and the interquartile range (IQR) is 6. Our results show that the median number of hours spent on mobile phones is six per day, and the IQR is 5. Furthermore, our findings revealthat the mean Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version(SAS-SV) score is 38.5 ± 10.8 out of 60, and the average global PSQI score is 6.63 ± 3.03 out of 21. The results show that the study participants have problems using smartphones longer than they intended, constantly checking them, and missing planned works due to smartphone use. There is a positive correlation between smartphone addiction and sleep quality (r = 0.261; p < 0.001), indicating that the respondents have worse sleep quality when smartphone addiction and the global PSQI increased. Conclusion Our study concluded that high school students in Makkah,Saudi Arabia, have high smartphone addiction. Moreover, highsmartphone addiction is significantly associated with poor sleep quality. This study can help with the development of measures to improve better sleep quality among high school students.

Reevaluating Sleep Quality During COVID-19 and Associations With Quarantine, Mental Health, Stress, and Screen Time in Young Adults: Results From a Cross-Sectional Online Survey.

The COVID-19 pandemic affected individual sleep quality, especially with high-stress levels. We assessed sleep quality in young adults during COVID-19, and mental health, stress, and screen time (ST) use. An international cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2020 to January 2021. The surveys assessed sleep quality (PSQI), ST use, and mental health. 183 participants were eligible for analysis. The average global PSQI score was 7.29 (sd = 3.58, n = 99). Associations were found between global PSQI scores and Fear of COVID-19 (r (98) = .223, P = .027), anxiety scores (r (99) = -.541, P < .001), increased total stress scores (r (88) = .486, P < .001), and depression (r (97) = .628, P < .001). Those currently quarantining had statistically higher PSQI scores than those who quarantined in the past (F (2,175) = 3.397, P = .036), but not for those who did not quarantine. Differences were found between genders for global PSQI (F (4,94) = 2.865, P < .027) and poor vs good sleep (X2 (1,98) = 3.982, P = .046). There was also a relationship between ethnicity and poor vs good sleep quality (X2 (2,94) = 6.538, P = .038). We did not find associations between ST and sleep quality but found poor sleep quality significantly related to mental health during COVID-19. We found no direct evidence that quarantining itself results in poor sleep quality. Interventions need to maximize sleep quality in certain groups, like females and ethnic minorities.