Global Production Trends Research Articles

CURRENT CONDITIONS IN TOBACCO PRODUCTION IN MACEDONIA - SUSTAINABILITY ANALYSIS, DEVELOPMENT POSSIBILITIES AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES

The Republic of North Macedonia, both regionally and globally, is known for producing high-quality aromatic Oriental tobacco. It is a country where quality types of Oriental tobacco are traditionally cultivated, alongside well-known regions in Turkey, such as Izmir and the Aegean region, where there are ecological conditions for producing high-quality Oriental tobacco. As a small continental country in the Balkans, Macedonia represents a "golden triangle" in the process of Oriental tobacco production and a long-term relatively stable traditional producer compared to surrounding countries that also produce this type of tobacco. Driven by the demands of the global market, scientific and technological advancements worldwide, and the available natural, production, and human potentials, it can be stated that today, and even more so in the future, there will be a significant need to elevate the quality of tobacco production to a much higher level, considering the demands of buyers and the need for efficient and effective production. Looking ahead, tobacco production, with certain oscillations, has a stable trend in movements, with gentle upward trends in global production, which our country must also follow and adapt to. The future of tobacco production will largely depend on good agricultural and export policies, as well as good state subsidy policies, all aimed at encouraging and directing the young, capable population towards tobacco production, where they will see not only an opportunity for existence but also space for development, expansion and certainly profit.

Animation & visual effects technologies influence on global production trends & digitalization of cinema from 1990 to 2020

The acceleration of globalization has increased considerably in the last thirty years. Among many reasons for this condition, technological advancements and the use of web have an important place. This situation has changed the dynamics of capitalist finance, social life, educational processes, artistic production methods and production design trends which are positioned at the center of the article. In a period when the interaction is increasing and capitalist control mechanisms may not ignore this interaction, the expectations of people both economically and artistically changed, also simultaneous changes have occurred in the production methods. Now, the media production method has moved out of the processes where the cinema industry is marketing through digitalized mediums and contents in many different media platforms. The audience is now more directly involved in cinema, television, literature and other media as a consumer. The main goal of the research is to analyze this trend of digitalization in cinema through technologies connected to animation and visual effects. In the article firstly, history of animation and technological developments will be summarized and then digitalization of cinema will be described in different aspects. Both technological, artistic and political variations will be analyzed and after that the trends will be shown by graphics from statistical data. This data is taken from “Box Office Mojo” website and the trend include mainly, changes in animation and visual effects technologies. This article will basically try to reveal the changes in the technological and cinematic understandings of production companies that have been most integrated into thisorientation in the thirty-year period. In summary, the process will be analyzed through statistics that will reveal the course of globalization, both in terms of orientation towards animation, visual effects and films produced through digital cinema.

СТАРТАПИ В БІЗНЕС-ЕКОСИСТЕМІ: ТЕОРЕТИЧНИЙ ТА ПРАКТИЧНИЙ АСПЕКТИ

The modern economy forms new global trends in production and consumption, markets and business, however, the formation of a global ecosystem based on start-ups has become a significant trend. Therefore, the development of startups in business ecosystems should be considered both from a theoretical and practical point of view. The purpose of the article is to study the theoretical and practical aspects of the development of startups in Ukraine in the context of the functioning of business ecosystems. The object of research is startups in the context of the functioning of business ecosystems. Methods used in the study: systematization and generalization, comparative and monographic analysis, detailing, coherence. The hypothesis of the study was the assumption that start-ups are the backbone of the business ecosystem, and it is advisable to provide support to start-ups through the subjects of their life support - various environmental agents and institutions. Presentation of the main material: according to the results of studies of the theoretical and practical aspects of the problems of development of startups in Ukraine in the context of the functioning of business ecosystems, it has been established that there is still a discussion on determining the essence of a business ecosystem, but startups are the system-forming beginning. Two main types of ecosystems and components of business ecosystems with appropriate coherence are identified. The advantages, disadvantages and general characteristics of business ecosystems are determined, which made it possible to characterize the modern Ukrainian startup market. It has been established that it is advisable to provide support to start-ups through the subjects of their life support, that is, various environmental agents and institutions. The originality and practical significance of the study lies in establishing the coherence of the components (terms) of the business ecosystem and the conclusion about the need for assistance for the development of business ecosystems from the state. Conclusions and prospects for further research. Studies of the theoretical and practical aspects of the problems of development of startups in the context of the functioning of business ecosystems made it possible to draw a conclusion about the system-forming beginning of startups and about the constituent business ecosystems that have coherence. It has been determined that there are two main types of ecosystems that have advantages, disadvantages and corresponding characteristics that affect the characteristics of the modern startup market in Ukraine. An analysis of the obstacles in the development of startups in Ukraine made it possible to focus on the need to support startups from the state. It is advisable to provide assistance to the subjects of life support of business ecosystems - various environmental agents and institutions. Further research should be carried out taking into account the social aspect of the functioning of business ecosystems to implement the principles of sustainable development.

An outline of the indian raw silk production from global perspective

The sericulture industry is an agro-based cottage industry. In rural areas this industry creates income and employment opportunities for millions of people. This industry can be considered as one of the tools for the development of rural economy of developing countries. In view of this possibility, the present paper seeks to focus on the trend of global raw silk production levels and to explain a comparative character of Indian raw silk production trends with global production trends. Secondary data has been used to meet the objectives of this study. Analysis of secondary data by well-known statistical technique reveals the fact that China and India are the largest producers of silk worldwide. China is in the first place and India is in the second place. China produces almost 78% of the world's raw silk production and on the other hand India produces about 18%.Studies from 2010 to 2020 has shown that there is a declining trend in raw silk production in the world. As silk production in China has been steadily declining in the last few years, perhaps for the reason the world's total silk production has also been steadily declining. Over the study period 2010–2020, India occupied a good position in terms of continuous growth of raw silk production. Under these circumstances, India has a bright future ahead of it in terms of increasing global raw silk production.

Assessing cobalt supply sustainability through production forecasting and implications for green energy policies

Transitioning to a decarbonized and circular economy is paramount for climate change mitigation and sustainable development. In this paper we assess the global production trends of cobalt, an energy-transition metal (ETM), and its supply sustainability. Accurate production forecasting of ETMs is essential to understand the dynamics of energy supply security and adequately plan for a change from fossil fuel energy to renewable energy production. Evaluations of market concentrations demonstrate that cobalt is a high-risk market characterized by production fluctuations and supply-chain complexities. We forecast the cobalt production using several methods. Results from both of the Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and Holt's methods show a linear increase in world cobalt production for the short term, while a Hubbert model predicts a world production decline beginning in the late 2010s. These predictions, coupled with geopolitical, socio-environmental, and techno-economic influences on the market, reinforce the concern regarding cobalt supply sustainability. Although alternative avenues for sourcing cobalt, such as secondary urban mining and stockpiling exist, they are unlikely to become major suppliers in the short term, which highlights the need to accurately forecast primary production. Increasing interests in critical raw materials (CRMs) in policy spheres also heightens the necessity to anticipate the future of cobalt supply as governmental entities acknowledge the imbalance of CRMs in international trade. Well-researched and well-designed policies, that incorporate environmental sustainability and non-discriminatory economic growth, can facilitate an equitable shift to a greener and more circular economy. At the forefront of this shift should be ethical environmental and resource governance that recognizes the inequalities in socio-economic development and energy-transition, and mandates for a just transition towards a low carbon future.

УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ МЕТОДИК ФІНАНСОВОГО ПЛАНУВАННЯ В СИСТЕМІ ФІНАНСОВОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА

The current state of an enterprise development is carrying out not only in our country but also abroad. This is evidenced by the uneven dynamics of the effectiveness of their financial and economic activities. The reduction of technological cycles of production, accelerating the timing of its implementation and the conquest of new markets is a significant impact on the efficiency of enterprises. An actual task for our country enterprises in the context of ensuring innovative development is a financial planning system development that will meet the requirements of modern global trends in production and trade in enterprises financial security system. Enterprises have faced the problem of inefficient management in modern conditions of financial and economic activities. The external factors negative impact has affected the activities of most domestic businesses, which, having lost their stability and solvency, feel the lack of financial resources and reduced profitability. There is lack of a clear strategic idea, ways to achieve it for effective management of enterprises, as well as lack of experience in financial planning in the financial security of the enterprise. Financial planning, depending on the classification is divided into long-term, medium-term, short-term, strategic, tactical and operational. The purpose of financial planning is to increase the efficient use of long-term and short-term money capital. In the planning process measures to increase return on capital, improve stability, minimize risks the company are developed in the enterprise. The financial planning plays a key role in the planning system of the enterprise, ensuring the economic feasibility and effectiveness of the measures being developed to achieve its strategic goals and objectives. The implementation of financial planning in the enterprise is carried out on the basis of three stages, which are subordinate to each other, namely, strategic, tactical and operational. The choice of financial planning methodology is determined by the factors of goals and objectives of enterprise development. The methods used in the process of financial planning today are: calculation and analytical, regulatory, balance, optimization of planning decisions, economic and mathematical modeling, network, program-target. The generalized technique of financial planning which is actual in changing conditions of our state market economy has been offered.

Three Scenario Narratives for a Resource-Efficient and Low-Carbon Europe in 2050

Global trends in production and consumption and the associated use of natural resources are far from sustainable. There is a growing recognition of the need to tackle overexploitation of resources, including materials, land, water and carbon. However, transformations to a more resource-efficient economy and society are complex. This paper elaborates three possible scenarios for a resource-efficient economy in Europe. We describe three scenarios and characterize the key differences between them. The basis of the three scenarios - Global Cooperation, Europe Goes Ahead and Civil Society Leads - is very different governance models, worldviews and actors who drive the process. Each scenario encompasses a number of challenges, which are also described. A resource-efficient economy could be advanced through top-down agreements, through market-based mechanisms driving technological solutions, and through bottom-up behavioural changes and community based initiatives focusing on both efficiency and sufficiency. In reality, a combination of these approaches is likely to be required for the achievement of ambitious resource-efficiency targets in Europe.

Nutritional and Functional Characteristics of Protein-Fortified Pasta from Sweet Potato

Despite being a healthy low glycaemic index food, the production and consumption of sweet potatoes are decreasing globally. The global production trends indicated a decline from 130.47 million tonnes (MT) in 2004 to 107.64 MT in 2009, while the production in China, having the largest share towards world production of sweet potatoes, witnessed a decrease from 105.84 MT in 2004 to 81.21 MT in 2009. There is an interest in increasing consumption of healthy low glycaeimic index foods, especially in the context of a projected alarming rise in the diabetic population in the developing world by 2025. The objective of this study was to enhance the utilization of sweet potato as a low glycaemic food, mainly through its use in the development of high protein pasta. Among three protein sources, whey protein concentrate (WPC), defatted soy flour (DSF), and fish powder (FP), WPC gave high quality pasta with strong starch-protein network formation, as evidenced from scanning electron microscopic studies and low in vitro starch digestibility. Protein nutritional quality was also high for WPC-fortified sweet potato pasta, with very high scores for lysine and leucine as well as high essential amino acid index and calculated protein efficiency ratio. Fractionation of starch showed that the WPC-fortified sweet potato pasta had the lowest rapidly digested starch (RDS) and the highest resistant starch (RS) content, indicating its potential as a low glycaemic food.

A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE OF WALNUT PRODUCTION

Global walnut production and consumption has shown a steady rise in both amount and value since 1985. New areas have become important, e.g., China and Mexico, with old areas also increasing production such as the USA. This paper will discuss the global trends in production, uses and prices of walnuts.

Coskata's new process could threaten bioethanol prospects of Danisco and Novozymes

Production of ethanol (bioethanol) from biomass is one way to reduce both consumption of crude oil and environmental pollution. Bioethanol is appropriate for the mixed fuel in the gasoline engine because of its high octane number, and its low cetane number and high heat of vaporization impede self-ignition in the diesel engine. So, ignition improver, glow-plug, surface ignition, and pilot injection are applied to promote self-ignition by using diesel-bioethanol-blended fuel. Disadvantages of bioethanol include its lower energy density than gasoline, its corrosiveness, low flame luminosity, lower vapor pressure (making cold starts difficult), miscibility with water, and toxicity to ecosystems. Bioethanol can be produced from cellulosic feedstocks. One major problem with bioethanol production is the availability of raw materials for the production. The availability of feedstocks for bioethanol can vary considerably from season to season and depends on geographic locations. Lignocellulosic biomass is the most promising feedstock considering its great availability and low cost, but the large-scale commercial production of fuel bioethanol from lignocellulosic materials has still not been implemented. Conversion technologies for producing bioethanol from cellulosic biomass resources such as forest materials, agricultural residues and urban wastes are under development and have not yet been demonstrated commercially. For designing fuel bioethanol production processes, assessment of utilization of different feedstocks (i.e. sucrose containing, starchy materials, lignocellulosic biomass) is required considering the big share of raw materials in bioethanol costs. In this work a review of the biological and thermochemical methods that could be used to produce bioethanol is made and an analysis of its global production trends is carried out.