Global Processes Research Articles

PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCIES OF A TEACHER TRANSLATION AS A METHODOLOGICAL PROBLEM

The article discusses the radical changes in the education system in our country require new ideas and approaches to teaching, both foreign languages and translation. The process of globalization, international contacts and cooperation with foreign partners have contributed to the creation of numerous translation departments at higher educational institutions. The profession of “Translator” is in demand now more than ever.

MODELS OF INTERCULTURAL COMPETENCE: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

MODELS OF INTERCULTURAL COMPETENCE: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

Studying long term relationship between carbon Emissions, Soil, and climate Change: Insights from a global Earth modeling Framework

The persistent increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, notably carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O), since the mid-20th century has been a key driver of significant climate alterations. This study investigates the complex feedback mechanisms that both influence and are influenced by global climate dynamics, soil processes, and GHG emissions. Our statistical approach incorporates correlation measures, highlighting the limitations of such analyses, namely their inability to confirm causality, sensitivity to outliers, and the exclusive capture of linear relationships. Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) models reveal spatial variations in the relationship between environmental factors and GHGs, while Path Analysis aids in delineating direct and indirect influences among variables. The research pinpoints significant spatial heterogeneity in the impacts of economic and environmental factors on GHGs, underscoring the necessity of localized strategies for climate change mitigation and sustainable land management. This study also identifies potential threats to agricultural productivity due to soil degradation, which hinder climate adaptation efforts. Our findings advocate for a concerted global response to reduce GHG emissions and address the challenges posed by the interplay of climate change, soil dynamics, and GHG emissions.

The Role of Financial Instruments in Corporate Exchange Rate Risk Management

As international investment increases with the process of economic globalization, managing exchange rate risk efficiently has become one of the most significant strategies for companies to reduce risk and make more profits. Due to the need to consider numerous internal and external factors, risk management is a sophisticated decision that executives need to make effectively. On the basis of accentuating the magnitude of hedging exchange rate risk for corporations and combining previous research findings and theoretical analysis, this research introduces some pragmatic approaches for firms to choose and utilize suitable financial instruments in hedging exchange rate risk, such as the rational use of financial instruments to hedge risks, the use of short-term and long-term foreign currency derivatives to reduce exchange rate risks, and the impact of board structure on hedging activities. The content of the analysis can provide companies with a deeper understanding of the ways to select and utilize the most appropriate financial instruments for risk management, thus improving corporate efficiency and achieving corporate objectives. The study would act as an available tool for corporations to improve efficiency and achieve their goals.

Dynamic capabilities and competitiveness: Relationship among industrial policy, structural transformation, and economic growth in Indonesian regional industries

The complex interactions of industrial Policy, structural transformation, economic growth, and competitive strategy within regional industries are examined in this research. Using a dynamic capabilities framework, the study examines the mediating roles of organizational innovation and adaptability in the link between competitiveness and macroeconomic variables. A two-way fixed effects model is used in this study to examine the influence of structural transformation (ST) on Industrial Policy (IP). Using regional data covering the years 2010 to 2022, the research undertaken in this paper explores the dynamics of the Indonesian economy by empirically assessing the consequences of structural change on industrial Policy. In order to establish a comprehensive model that clarifies the mechanisms through which industrial policies and structural shifts impact the development of dynamic capabilities, ultimately influencing competitiveness strategies, this research draws on a large amount of empirical data and integrates insights from seminal works. Our research adds to our knowledge of strategic management in regional industries by providing detailed information on how economic development and policy interventions influence businesses’ ability to adapt and gain a competitive edge. In addition to advancing scholarly discourse, this study offers business executives and politicians valuable insights for managing the intricacies of global economic processes.

ВЛИЯНИЕ ФИНАНСОВОЙ ГЛОБАЛИЗАЦИИ И МЕЖДУНАРОДНОГО ДВИЖЕНИЯ КАПИТАЛА НА НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЕ ЭКОНОМИКИ

The modern world economy assumes significant involvement of many national economies in the process of creating a unified financial system. Thanks to the process of globalization, many national economies have gained the opportunity to interact with other partners, which increases the efficiency of resource allocation, including financial ones. However, in addition to the obvious advantages that the countries participating in the process of economic globalization receive, there are many risks for national economies. This risk requires a more in-depth analysis in order to be able to provide recommendations to the countries participating in the globalization process on minimizing their negative impact.

Virtual reality-based training may improve visual memory and some aspects of sustained attention among healthy older adults – preliminary results of a randomized controlled study

Background/AimsOlder age and cognitive inactivity have been associated with cognitive impairment, which in turn is linked to economic and societal burdens due to the high costs of care, especially for care homes and informal care. Emerging non-pharmacological interventions using new technologies, such as virtual reality (VR) delivered on a head-mounted display (HMD), might offer an alternative to maintain or improve cognition. The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a VR-based Digital Therapeutics application for improving cognitive functions among healthy older adults.MethodsSeventy-two healthy seniors (experimental group N = 35, control group N = 37), aged 65–85 years, were recruited by the Medical University of Lodz (Poland). Participants were randomly allocated to the experimental group (a VR-based cognitive training which consists of a warm-up module and three tasks, including one-back and dual-N-back) or to the control group (a regular VR headset app only showing nature videos). The exercises are performed in different 360-degree natural environments while listening to a preferred music genre and delivered on a head-mounted display (HMD). The 12-week intervention of 12 min was delivered at least three times per week (36 sessions). Compliance and performance were followed through a web-based application. Primary outcomes included attention and working memory (CNS-Vital Signs computerized cognitive battery). Secondary outcomes comprised other cognitive domains. Mixed linear models were constructed to elucidate the difference in pre- and post-intervention measures between the experimental and control groups.ResultsThe users performed, on average, 39.8 sessions (range 1–100), and 60% performed more than 36 sessions. The experimental group achieved higher scores in the visual memory module (B = 7.767, p = 0.011) and in the one-back continuous performance test (in terms of correct responses: B = 2.057, p = 0.003 and omission errors: B = -1.950, p = 0.007) than the control group in the post-test assessment. The results were independent of participants’ sex, age, and years of education. The differences in CNS Vital Signs’ global score, working memory, executive function, reaction time, processing speed, simple and complex attention, verbal memory, cognitive flexibility, motor speed, and psychomotor speed were not statistically significant.ConclusionsVR-based cognitive training may prove to be a valuable, efficacious, and well-received tool in terms of improving visual memory and some aspect of sustainability of attention among healthy older adults. This is a preliminary analysis based on part of the obtained results to that point. Final conclusions will be drawn after the analysis of the target sample size.Trial registrationClinicaltrials.gov ID NCT05369897.

A processual approach to community agriculture: Between structuralist and individualist explanations

AbstractCommunity agriculture describes the practice of land commoning for food production. Communitarian food systems are explained as determined by neoliberalisation for being either prompted by global processes of environmental degradation or dissolved in submerged networks of everyday politics. While consistent with neoliberal critiques, the article advocates for their historicization through a processual approach to community agriculture. The analysis builds on the historical‐comparative scrutiny of land commoning in the Italian peninsula through the selection of secondary sources and draws a longue durée periodization from late antiquity to the present. Analytical results highlight three temporal macro‐sequences of food transformations that contextualise structural and agential influences on communitarian food systems: delegation, privatisation, and commodification of food production. The historical trajectories of community agriculture in the Italian peninsula offer valuable insights into three key areas of debate and potential avenues for future research. The first concerns the divides between structure and agency, contentious and everyday politics; the article also contributes to classical analyses that emphasize the crucial role of food in capitalist development and finally, it advances the processual framework as an adaptable analytical tool.

The Troll Observing Network (TONe): plugging observation holes in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica

Antarctica and the Southern Ocean play vital roles in the Earth system, exerting significant influence on global atmospheric, cryospheric, and oceanic processes. Understanding the ongoing changes in Antarctica and their broader impact on global dynamics is imperative. Achieving this understanding necessitates dedicated and coordinated observations of environmental parameters in the region. The Troll Observing Network (TONe) is Norway's proactive initiative to the call for sustained, coordinated, complementary, geographically spread, and societally relevant long-term observations from Antarctica. Centered around the Troll Research Station in Dronning Maud Land, a region characterized by limited data availability, TONe constitutes a comprehensive state-of-the-art observatory network, specifically designed for environmental observations for studying and monitoring of the atmosphere, terrestrial, and marine environments. TONe aims to facilitate broad and open access to observational data and shared services to the international research communities as a foundation for acquiring knowledge of societal significance. TONe will, however, be a limited contribution the broader international data gathering effort required to underpin a strengthened understanding of Antarctica in the Earth system. TONE is an important initiative focused on a data sparse region of Antarctica, but has only substantial added value when seen in the context of similar ongoing and future efforts around the continent.

ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ ТРУДОВОГО ПОТЕНЦИАЛА РЕГИОНА: УСЛОВИЯ И ФАКТОРЫ

Labor potential is a key factor in the socio-economic development of territories in conditions of lack of stability, the crisis of economic globalization processes and deepening contradictions. The emergence of new sectors of the economy on a digital technological basis, the creation of modern jobs and professions determine the modern concept of regional employment and reducing the shortage of qualified personnel. The positive dynamics of unemployment growth objectively increases the need for a scientifically based approach in managing the labor potential of the region. We associate the importance of managing the region’s labor potential with the state’s responsibility for the standard of living of the population. In this regard, the Krasnoyarsk Region can be considered as an example of a region in which several investment projects are being implemented that can, in the medium term, give a new impetus to the development of productive forces. Such prospects require systemic activity in designing both the structure of labor mobility and accelerating the innovation process based on the formation of the institution of a national qualifications system. Programs for the socio-economic development of municipal territories of the Krasnoyarsk Region for the most part provide for the development of labor potential based on the need for the development of personnel of organizations, which determines the importance of this study. In the current situation, it is important to unify the requirements for personnel qualifications, developing mechanisms for assessing, selecting, and matching employees through a confirmed system of qualifications, thereby reducing the risks of business systems in the region. Forming the competence of the working population of the region, increasing the labor potential of the region through monitoring the structure of labor mobility in the context of types of activities makes it possible to manage the level of regional unemployment and more effectively use the total working time of the economically active population.

THE IMPACT OF NEW MEDIA IN THE CONTEXT OF THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE NETWORK ECONOMY

Today, the processes of globalization in the sphere of economy are largely connected with new media and with digitization. Scholars discuss digital economy, digital capitalism, the issues of formation of the Internet economy, as a result of which the term "network economy" is emerged. The technological basis of the development of the digital economy can be considered artificial intelligence, block chain, cloud data storage systems; these innovations began to enter the economy.

Hysteresis, Impedance, and Transients Effects in Halide Perovskite Solar Cells and Memory Devices Analysis by Neuron‐Style Models

AbstractHalide perovskites are at the forefront of active research in many applications, such as high performance solar cells, photodetectors, and synapses and neurons for neuromorphic computation. As a result of ion transport and ionic‐electronic interactions, current and recombination are influenced by delay and memory effects that cause hysteresis of current–voltage curves and long switching times. A methodology to formulate device models is shown, in which the conduction and recombination electronic variables are influenced by internal state variables. The models are inspired in biological frameworks of the Hodgkin–Huxley class of models. Here, the theoretical precedents, the main physical components of the models, and their application to describe dynamical measurements in halide perovskite devices are summarized. The application of several measurement methods is analyzed, as the current–voltage curves at different scan rates, the impedance spectroscopy response, and the time transients. The transition from normal (capacitive) to inverted (inductive) hysteresis, and the convergence of current–voltage curves to a stable value, are described. It is proposed that neuron‐style models capture dynamical complexity with a favorable economy of parameters, toward the identification of the dominant global dynamic processes across a wide voltage span that determines the practical response of different types of devices.

The diverse cities of global urban climate governance

AbstractGlobal politics has shown increasing interest in cities, particularly in the field of climate policy and governance. Yet, we still have little understanding of which cities engage the most in global urban climate governance. Answering this question is a first step towards understanding who decides for whom in a system that has decisive influence on wider global policy processes. In this article, we seek to identify and analyse the characteristics and position of cities in global urban climate governance to reassess its composition. To do so, we conduct a social network analysis of 15 transnational city networks. Results emphasise that global and large cities are the most central, but small and middle‐size cities are the most numerous actors of the system. Global South cities are larger than their Northern counterparts in the system. Those less central and understudied actors likely have less influence over which norms are shared, yet they should not be seen as followers or imitators of climate policy. It is important to pay more attention to them to understand their multifaceted role in cities' collective efforts to address climate change.

Globalisation and the value of Ulrich Beck’s concept of ‘cosmopolitanisation’ in orienting a new sociology of later life

German sociologist Ulrich Beck has described ‘cosmopolitanisation’ as the sociological face of globalisation and has advocated for a cosmopolitan sociology. The turn to the cosmopolitan he suggested involves an epistemic shift within the discipline. It demands a move away from a sociology dominated by methodological nationalism to one whose focus is not so much on the external, ‘out there’ processes of globalisation, but on the internalised global practices reflected within societies. This article employs such a cosmopolitan lens to explore the changing nature of old age/later life. We highlight a number of domains where Beck’s elaboration of cosmopolitanisation may be actualised in later life. These include: (a) the ‘assetisation’ of later life; (b) the transgenerational expansion of information and communications technology; (c) the experience of transnational ageing; (d) the development and promotion of transnational policies for a senior citizenry; and (e) the impact of global climate change. We conclude by noting how Beck’s desire to shift sociology from its traditional base in methodological nationalism to what he termed a more cosmopolitan sociology can apply equally to analysis of the changing character of later life. In seeking to apply and extend Beck’s concept of cosmopolitanisation to the sociological study of later life, we hope to enrich and enliven a new sociology of later life; our article aims to make such a start.

Career trajectories of graduates of Russian universities of natural sciences and humanities

Introduction. The process of professional development of the country is influenced by global processes: digitalization, progressive science and institutional education, the emergence of new interdisciplinary scientific fields, the development of new factors of social mobility, the emergence of new professions, etc. This influence can be taken into account in the discrepancy between the desired labor and educational career paths with the fact that university graduates use life guidelines based on the level of dissatisfaction with their acquired profession and career. The purpose of the article is to demonstrate the distinctive features of the formation of career trajectories of university graduates who received education in the natural sciences and humanities. Materials and methods. To achieve this goal, an online questionnaire was conducted, in which 252 graduates of different years from 32 Russian universities of natural sciences and humanities took part. To process the data, sequential analysis of t-Student criteria (p = 0.05), factor analysis, and content analysis were used. Results. Special features of the formation of career trajectories have been identified: the assessment of the demand for knowledge and skills in the labor market among graduates of natural science faculties after a bachelor's degree is higher than among graduates of humanities (7.17 compared to 5.75); More often than not, graduates of natural science faculties (71.6 compared to 43.1) plan to work/continue to work in the specialty acquired as a bachelor’s degree; 67.9% of graduates of natural science faculties have a longer planning horizon (several years) (compared to 43.1). from 32.1%); 26% of “techies” continue their work dynasty (compared with 6%); %); significant values for graduates of humanities are “harmony of personal life and career” (4.49 on average 4.01), “social recognition” (3.42 on average 2.95) and “emotional health” (4.52 on average 4.11), while for “techies” the opportunity to realize their entrepreneurial abilities is more significant (3.2 on average 2.75). “Humanitarians” compared to “technical specialists” are potentially more ready for sabbatical (3.46 on average 2.78), downshifting (2.65 on average 2.18) and relocation (3.40 on average 2.73). Four types of career trajectories were identified among graduates of humanities faculties (using the rotation method – Varimax): balanced multipotential, stagnant uncertain, innovative and altruistic escapism. For graduates of natural sciences, such differentiation is not defined. Conclusion. The data obtained allow us to conclude that graduates of natural science faculties have more employment opportunities due to the compliance of university training with the requirements of employers. For graduates of humanities faculties, the career trajectory is more variable, unstable, has a fluctuating nature and is associated primarily with horizontal mobility, while for graduates of natural science faculties the career trajectory is less variable and has a greater tendency toward upward mobility

THE IMPACT OF THE PROBLEMS OF DETERMINING JURISDICTION IN THE VIRTUAL SPACE ON THE PROVISION OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS

In many cases, the existing legal regulations are not adequate to solve the legal problems created by the Internet. Solving the legal problems created by the Internet with existing positive regulations is a situation specific to the special field of law. In cases where the existing normative documents are insufficient, it is considered appropriate to add new provisions that complement each other, and if this is not possible, to make independent legal regulations. The fact that such arrangements are based on doctrine rather than spontaneity can ultimately lead to successful practice. Therefore, the interpretation of the human rights aspect of issues related to virtual space is one of the most important topics today. The most important issue related to the protection of human rights violated in the virtual space is the resolution of the issue of jurisdiction. Issues related to the Internet have also been reflected in all international declarations adopted in the field of information society construction, including the provision of information rights. At the regional level, the Declaration "On Freedom of Communication on the Internet" adopted by the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe in 2003, the Recommendations of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe on the Human Rights Guide for Internet Users to Member States, etc. such documents are of special importance for the regulation of Internet legal relations. However, no international norm fully covers the issue of jurisdiction in virtual space. In the presented article, as a result of the research, it was concluded that it is necessary to create unified substantive and procedural legal norms that are mandatory for all in order to solve jurisdictional problems in the virtual space. Acceleration of integration and globalization processes in the world increases the interest of states in the unification of their legal norms. Because the countries of the world, which often protect their citizens from violations of their rights on the Internet, as well as from more dangerous information wars and psychological attacks, need the existence of a unified legal regulation. For this purpose, the creation and unification of legal norms that resolve jurisdictional issues in the virtual space should be implemented at different levels: bilateral, regional and universal levels

Exploring the relationship between land use change patterns and variation in environmental factors within urban agglomeration

Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 11 aims to promote a more livable urban environment for humanity. However, the rapid global urbanization process has exerted significant pressure on urban environment, posing challenges for many cities to achieve this target. The urbanization process within urban agglomeration is accompanied by rapid and diverse land use change. Exploring the relationship between land use change and environmental factors is crucial for achieving sustainable urban development. To address this issue, this study investigates the interactive relationship between pixel-scale land use change and environmental indicators (CO2, Land Surface Temperature, and PM2.5) in China's three major urban agglomerations from 2000 to 2020. This study aims to analyze major land use change patterns, explore intrinsic connections among environmental indicators, and assess the impact of land use change on these indicators. The findings show that cropland, forestland, and built-up land are the major types of land change in all three urban agglomerations. Regions characterized by high population density, heavy industry, and intense transportation exhibit more pollutant emissions. Rapid urban construction has resulted in different types of environmental degradation issues. This study provides a comprehensive examination of the relationship between urbanization and environmental issues.

An examination of semantic performance in mild cognitive impairment progressors and nonprogressors.

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a risk factor for developing Alzheimer's disease (AD), and about half of older people with MCI will progress to AD within the next 5 years. The aim of the present study was to compare the semantic performance of MCI progressors (MCI-p) and nonprogressors (MCI-np). The hypothesis was that MCI-p would present with poorer semantic performance relative to MCI-np at baseline, indicating that semantic deficits may increase the risk of future decline toward AD. Fifty-six MCI participants (aged 65-89) from the Consortium for Early Identification of Alzheimer's Disease-Quebec study were analyzed, with 18 progressing and 38 remaining stable over 2 years. Analysis of covariance assessed their initial semantic and nonsemantic cognitive performance, and mixed analyses of variance gauged longitudinal patterns of cognitive decline at the 2-year follow-up. In the semantic domain, MCI-p performed significantly worse than MCI-np at baseline on two semantic tests (category fluency and object decision). In other cognitive domains, MCI-p performed worse than MCI-np on a test of executive functions (cognitive flexibility) but showed similar performance on a test of episodic memory. There were no significant differences between groups in the rates of progression on semantic tests over the 2-year period, but a steeper decline was observed in MCI-p at follow-up on tests of global cognition, episodic memory, and processing speed. This suggest that MCI patients who present with semantic memory impairment in addition to episodic memory impairment are at greater risk of future progression to AD. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Regional trends and petrologic factors inhibit global interpretations of zircon trace element compositions

The trace element composition of zircon reveals information about the melt that they are derived from, as such, detrital zircon trace element compositions can be used to interrogate melt compositions, and thus the evolution of the continental crust in time and space. Here, we present a global database of detrital zircon compositions and use it to test whether average global trends for five common petrogenetic proxies truly represent secular changes in continental evolution. We demonstrate that the secular trend is broadly comparable across continental regions for Ti-in-zircon temperatures, but for other trace element ratios interrogated, secular trends are highly variable between continental regions. Because trace element ratios result from multiple petrologic variables, we argue that these petrogenetic proxies can be overinterpreted if projected to global geologic processes. In particular, we caution against the interpretation of crustal thickness from trace elements in zircon, and we argue that our results negate current hypotheses concerning secular changes in crustal thickness.

The influence patterns of carbon flux in different climatic zones in China —Based on the complex network approach

Research on ecosystem carbon flux can provide important methodological and strategic support for climate change mitigation. The existing studies focus on the calculation of carbon flux, ignoring the intertwined effects between regions. The quantification and analysis of the interaction patterns of carbon flux is crucial for understanding the global carbon cycle process, forecasting and coping with climate change. In this study, carbon flux network model sequences are established based on complex network theory using carbon flux data spanning from December 1, 2005, to November 30, 2020. The time delay effect is introduced to accurately quantify the influence patterns of carbon flux within climate zones across China. The findings indicate that the probability distribution function of the link weights during the various seasons of each year exhibits a bimodal distribution with distinct positive and negative components. The delay probability distribution function reveals the significant impact of delay effects, which are especially pronounced and mostly significant long-term lag effects in nodes with negative weights. Further, the results of the interactions of carbon flux among climate zones demonstrate that changes in carbon flux in the plateau and southern temperate regions have either positive or negative impacts on other climate zones. Therefore, controlling carbon flux changes in these climatic zones can effectively optimize the distribution of carbon flux. The modeling framework and results presented in this paper provide useful insights for the regulation and distribution optimization of carbon flux in China.