Global Positioning System Module Research Articles

Cost-effective and user-friendly vehicle tracking system using GPS and GSM technology based on IoT

<span>Security <span>is very apart important for vehicles to prevent the injury as vehicle theft is very common phenomenon now a days. We can ensure the security of our vehicles via monitoring our vehicles 24/7. There are many possible ways to track a vehicle. A few groups do not concern about the users need. Our research is about the tracking vehicle according to user’s demand. We are concerning on low budget, better geographic coordinate and easy user access. The system needs global positioning system (GPS) and global system for mobile telecommunications (GSM) technology. User can access the system by short message service (SMS) on a mobile phone. GSM module communicate with the user and GPS module communicate with satellite to get latitude and longitude coordinate. Location of vehicle's on earth is determined using Google Maps</span>.</span>

Raspberry Pi Reflector (RPR): A Low‐Cost Water‐Level Monitoring System Based on GNSS Interferometric Reflectometry

AbstractAlthough reflectometry is not the primary application of Global Positioning System (GPS) and similar Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), fast‐growing GNSS tracking networks has led to the emergence of GNSS interferometric reflectometry technique for monitoring surface changes such as water level. However, scientific‐grade or geodetic GNSS instruments are expensive, which is a limiting factor for their prompt and more widespread deployment as a dedicated environmental sensor. We present a prototype called Raspberry Pi Reflector (RPR) that includes a low‐cost and low‐maintenance single‐frequency GPS module and a navigation antenna connected to an inexpensive Raspberry Pi microcomputer. A unit has been successfully operating for almost 2 years since March 2020 in Wesel (Germany) next to the Rhine river. Sub‐daily and daily water levels are retrieved using spectral analysis of reflection data. The river level measurements from RPR are compared with a co‐located river gauge. We find an Root‐Mean‐Square Error (RMSE) of 7.6 cm in sub‐daily estimates and 6 cm in daily means of river level. In August 2021, we changed the antenna orientation from upright to sideways facing the river. The RMSE reduced to 3 cm (sub‐daily) and 1.5 cm (daily) with the new orientation. While satellite radar altimetry techniques have been utilized to monitor water levels with global coverage, their measurements are associated with moderate uncertainties and temporal resolution. Therefore, such low‐cost and high‐precision instruments can be paired with satellite data for calibrating, validating and modeling purposes. These instruments are financially (<US$ 150 as of November 2021) and technically accessible worldwide.

Electromagnetic spectrum monitoring of LTE channels based on SDR portable sensor: preliminary analysis

This paper presents preliminary research for the implementation and testing of a Software Defined Radio (SDR) sensor with electromagnetic spectrum monitoring capabilities for measuring signals specific to the Long-TermEvolution (LTE) mobile communications standard. The proposed sensor is developed on the ADALM Pluto SDR platform - and is designed to acquire a bandwidth of at least 20MHz. To determine the spatial extent of the measurements, the sensor also includes a GPS (Global Positioning System) module. The hardware control of the sensor is performed both in stationary variant using a laptop and in mobile mode using a low-cost module - Raspberry Pi. Present findings suggest that the designed SDR solution represents a reliable and low-cost alternative for real-time spectrum monitoring of wideband signals like the case of 4G-specific signals. The cost of the whole implemented monitoring system is about EUR 330.

Sistem Pengendali Keamanan Sepeda Motor Berbasis IoT (Internet of Things) Menggunakan Smartphone Android

Motorbike vehicles are the most widely used private transportation by people to travel to places near and even far. In addition to motorcycles having a price that is relatively affordable by the public, motorcycles are much easier to go through all the congested and narrow road terrains. The increasing number of motorcycles circulating around and also the weak security system of motorcycles are one of the causes often targeted by theft. In this study, we provided a solution to this security by building a motorcycle security control system that can be accessed and controlled remotely using a Smartphone. The system installed on this motorcycle uses a microcontroller (Arduino Mega2560), a global positioning system (GPS) module, a vibration sensor module, and a relay module. The GPS module helps to determine the coordinates of the position of the motorcycle. These coordinates are sent and displayed through the Android application on the smartphone of the motorcycle owner. Based on the results of several tests, the system used can communicate well between the motorcycle and the motorcycle owner through the internet network, as long as the devices in the vehicle are connected to the internet network.

Women Safety Patch-Up

In this present world women are less secure and have various issues regarding their security. The National Family Health Survey-4 (NFHS-4) states that every third women in India are prone to various physical assaults and harassment, since the age of 15. There are many safetydevices and applications that are in use today, but the usage of flex sensors as their major component limits the usage of those devices and applications. To overcome this disadvantage, it is proposed to develop a module with copper thread, ATMEGA328P, Global System for Mobile communication module, Global Positioning System module, RF Transmitter and RF receiver and Comparator as their major components. In this proposed work, there are two separate modules for transmitter and receiver. The transmitter module consists of a wire (patch-up) which can be stitched along with the dress of the women which are not externally visible to the culprit. There will be a connection flow between these threads which is continuously monitored by the comparator. When the connection flow terminates by breakingthe patch-up, the comparator turns on the GSM and RF transmitter which is fused with the ATMEGA328P microcontroller. The GSM module sends the alert message along with the current location of the victim to the predefined numbers and the RF transmitter sends the signalto the RF receiver. A switch is used to turn on and off the entire transmitter setup. Once the device is activated it remains ON and does not need to be activated every time. On the other hand, the receiver module consists of an RF receiver and buzzer fused with a microcontroller.When the RF receiver receives the signal from the RF transmitter, it turns on the buzzer. Hencethis method ensures emergency call and alert message along with the location of the victim to the predefined numbers through mobile phone. In emergency cases the person themselves canopen the patch or alert the switch to send alert messages.

Railway Management System using IR sensors and Internet of Things Technology

In Indian railways, accidents are still major concern in terms of safety of people which are caused due to unmanned rail road crossing and unidentified cracks in railway tracks. By looking at such conditions, we need to implement new technology in order to reduce accidents map. The main purpose of this paper is to provide safety at unmanned railway crossing and detection of faulty tracks. Unmanned level crossing is IR sensors base system and crack detection is a dynamics approach which combines the use of GPS (global positioning system) module to collect geographical coordinate of faulty tracks and GSM (global system for mobile communication) modem to send geographical coordinate of location. Here, we have introduced IOT (Internet of Things) which controlled the crack detection system dynamically. Index Term- unmanned gate crossing, GSM modem, GPS module, IR transmitter and Receiver, Internet of Things technology

Blind People Stick Tracking Using Android Smartphone and GPS Technology

Blindness is a term to describe conditions of people who have visual impairments. When a visually impaired do an activity outside, he usually needs a stick to help them move. This study aims to develop a stick tracking that enable a family member to find the location of the blind when they are outside their home and can help the blind to travel. GPS (Global Positioning System) technology allows the stick to get a signal for its location coordinates. When a family member wants to get the location of the blind, he can send a text message with the keyword TRACKER to the mobile phone number of the stick. A GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) module will send a reply containing the global coordinate, which Google Maps can visualize. In addition, the blind can actively send an emergency help signal to families if they have difficulty finding their way home. An emergency push button is available on the stick, which, if pressed, will send the coordinates to the family's phone number in the form of a short text message. During travelling, blind people can identify obstacles in front of them thanks to an ultrasonic sensor system on the stick. The sensor can detect an object in the range of 100 cm. If the sensor detects an object less than 100 cm, a buzzer will emit an edible sound for the blind. Observations show that the developed stick works well with an average error on the GPS module at a level of 11.89 meters. It also shows a fluctuating percentage of ultrasonic sensor errors depending on the distance of objects.

An Analysis of Effect GSM Signal Type on Android-Based Vehicle Injector Response Time

The crime of motor vehicle theft is increasing, the automotive industry continues to develop security systems to reduce the number of thefts that occur in Indonesia through the development of sophisticated features. The addition of a global positioning system (GPS) feature on a vehicle is an alternative to supporting a security system by providing vehicle location information when theft occurs. GPS provides location information by providing microcontroller input data. GPS on the vehicle becomes very important because with the GPS module the vehicle can be found by knowing an accurate location. However, the addition of a GPS module is often difficult to find because the distance changes frequently and it takes a long time to find it. The purpose of this paper is to detect vehicle position accurately using GPS U-Blox NEO 6M and to analyze the effect of GSM signal type on the response time of long-distance vehicle injectors based on android. The research method is data analysis to make conclusions, namely the two-way factor quantitative experimental method. The independent variables used are (1) different signal types, and (2) the distance from the signal source to the gasoline engine injector response time. The conclusion obtained is that vehicle position detection using GPS U-Blox NEO 6M is accurate with the results of data analysis shifting 8.3113 meters and the interaction between distance and GSM signal types has no significant effect with the results of data analysis from the three types of Telkomsel GSM signals which are the fastest with a distance of 200 meters from the signal source with a response time of 4.956 seconds and the slowest is XL at a distance of 500 meters from the signal source with a response time of 8.5 seconds.
 Keywords: Android-Based Vehicle Injector, GSM Signal Type, Vehicle Injector

Design and Development for a Vehicle Tracking System

In recent years, the drastic increase in the number of vehicle thefts brings about at an alarming rate around the world. However, existing vehicle tracking devices have certain limitations including the lack of ability to determine if the vehicle is on the right route. To address this problem, this study focused on the design and development of a vehicle tracking prototype with route detection, emergency button, and STATUS command to monitor the current location of the vehicle. Arduino Mega 2560, SIM900 Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) module, and NEO-6M Global Positioning System (GPS) module were used to develop the prototype. The GPS module, push buttons, and SMS command served as an input. The Arduino Mega 2560 was programmed using an algorithm to determine if the device deviated from its route, detect if the emergency button was pressed, and if STATUS command was received. The system sends a SMS if the vehicle deviated from its path, emergency button is pressed, and a STATUS command from the operator is received. Results showed that after several trials the prototype was successful in performing its functional objectives. The prototype was only limited to the use of a prototyping grade GPS module. The GPS used a built-in antenna and took time to connect to satellites. It is recommended to use an industrial grade GPS module and connect an external antenna to improve signal strength.

MOOnitor: An IoT based multi-sensory intelligent device for cattle activity monitoring

Continuous activity monitoring of dairy cattle is essential to acquire a comprehensive knowledge on health and well-being of the animals. In this research, we have reported the development and deployment of "MOOnitor", a neck-mounted intelligent IoT device for cattle monitoring. The device facilitates classification of salient activities of cattle through appropriately positioned sensors. MOOnitor is an integration of a temperature sensor, a global positioning system (GPS) module, and a 3-axis accelerometer in a lightweight enclosure, which is attached to a halter that allows transmission of data to an IoT server using a microcontroller and a cellular GSM module. After acquiring the necessary sensory information, the most significant features were strategically extracted for enhanced data interpretation. Thereafter, optimally tuned eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) and Random Forests classifiers were implemented to classify activities like ‘standing’, ‘lying’, ‘standing and ruminating’, ‘lying and ruminating’, ‘walking’, and ‘walking and grazing’. The performances of the two classifiers towards identification of different cattle activities were compared in terms of accuracy. Furthermore, the importance of using a temperature sensor and a GPS module in addition to an accelerometer in cattle activity recognition could be justified. An overall classification accuracy as high as ~97% was achieved using the XGBoost based classifier. In addition, accuracy, precision, sensitivity and specificity for standing (0.98, 0.97, 0.97, 0.98), lying (0.97, 0.90, 1, 0.96), standing and ruminating (0.99, 1, 0.97, 1), lying and ruminating (0.99, 1, 0.83, 1), walking (1, 1, 1, 1), and walking and grazing (0.99, 1, 0.75, 1) shows the suitability of the proposed method in effective cattle activity monitoring. Since cattle activity states are indicative of various factors such as estrous and several diseases like mastitis, foot-and-mouth disease, etc, the MOOnitor may be used for early detection of these conditions in addition to general health monitoring.

Guardian device for women - a survey and comparison study

Nowadays women are facing many problems; the most common problems are mental and physical harassment. In order to secure women from such harassments, we propose a novel device Guardian Device for women. The device works with a trigger, microcontroller, GSM module, GPS module, IoT module, Neuro Stimulator, Buzzer, Vibrating Sensor, Pulse sensor, Solar charging battery and a button sized camera. The women can switch ON the trigger whenever they feel danger. The device will activate the global positioning system (GPS), which obviously will track the exact position of the device. The device sends an emergency message to the registered mobile number and nearby police station. The button sized camera captures the image of an attacker and sends the copy to the police stations nearby. Neuro stimulator will give unethical shock to the attacker and a buzzer gives an alarm which alerts the people surrounding the victim.

Tracking Women During Threat Using GPS and GSM Module

Abstract: During a threat, tracking men/women from any location at any time is considered as extremely beneficial. Using the Global Positioning System (GPS) and Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) technology, a real-time Google map and Arduino based tracking system is implemented. Geographic coordinates are provided by the GPS module periodically. When a person's location is transmitted, the GSM module sends the latitude and longitude of that location to their cell phone. Finally, a cell phone shows the place's name and location via Google map. This would enable owners/users to monitor moving people/vehicles using their cell phones. This research presents experimental results in order to demonstrate the system's feasibility and effectiveness. In spite of GPS technology's excellent accuracy, it's not always applicable due to technical restrictions, for instance limiting participants' views of the satellites when using public transportation, which is crucial. However, GSM is less accurate in terms of spatial accuracy. Incorporating both technologies could be the key to tracking individual's geographical information (origin, route, destination) in a more comprehensive way. Transportation research can be supported by both kinds of tracking technologies in numerous ways. A GPS/GSM system can be used to track women or children 24/7 respectively to interview them on site in real time. This system may also be employed on vehicles in order to prevent theft. This tracking system works for both business owners and individuals wanting to keep track of their fleets or to keep track of expensive assets in the field without having to be there physically. The vehicle's location (Latitude and Longitude) is communicated continuously from a remote location by means of a GSM modem. The GSM modem automatically returns a realtime latitude and longitude coordinates as a response to that particular mobile phone when a request by the user reaches the number in the GSM modem. On demand, this system will continuously monitor the status of a vehicle in motion.

Cloud based Vehicle Tracking System

Vehicle tracking is beneficial for a variety of purposes, including personal vehicle security, public transit systems, fleet management, and more. Furthermore, the number of automobiles on the road is predicted to increase considerably internationally. As a result, a cloud-based vehicle tracking system based on the Global Positioning System (GPS), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) modem, and the Raspberry Pi processor board is being developed with the goal of allowing customers to easily and conveniently find their automobiles. The GPS and GSM modules in the tracking system are used to readily find the user's vehicle. The GPS module is used to track the vehicle's location using information such as latitude and longitude. These values are sent to the user through SMS using a GSM modem. Alcohol consumption is detected with the MQ-3 Alcohol sensor. The user can monitor the sensor data via the thingspeak channel. The latitude and longitude coordinates, as well as a webpage to plot the exact position of the vehicle, will be supplied to the user by e-mail. The Raspberry Pi processor board receives the data and outputs the result. The hardware prototype for a cloud-based vehicle tracking system is shown in this study. The GPS receiver module, GSM module, I2C Protocol, Raspberry Pi board, camera, and MQ-3 alcohol sensor are the system's primary hardware devices.

Desain Prototype Sistem Kendali dan Pelacakan Pada Mesin Boat

Indonesia is an archipelago country with more than 70% of its territory consisting of water. Due to these geographical conditions, many Indonesian people rely on water transportation as a means of crossing transportation. However, many of the crossings in Indonesia still use a manual control system in determining the direction of the boat. In this study, a prototype control and tracking system designed for a boat engine can be used as an automatic control system (autopilot) in water transportation. This system is created using a waypoint control system that can navigate automatically to a predetermined location. This control system is designed with an electric control system that utilizes a microcontroller, GPS (Global Positioning System) module, and compass module as a navigation control device. From the test results, it can be concluded that the level of accuracy of the GPS coordinates reading is as far as 4.8 meters and based on the test of the waypoint navigation system , the system accuracy level is 10.8 meters.

Smart System for Women Safety

Assaults on women are becoming more common, and in cases where she is unable to use her phone to call the police or other members of her family, our proposal will be extremely useful in providing the knowledge about the attacks, and in providing the precise coordinates which point the ladies to nearest police station or the desired people for necessary action. Females were provided the prototype and that is unseeable to people. The apparatus will contain GSM , an Ar-duino, and a GPS (Global Positioning System) module that will provide us with our geographical location. These posi-tion values will be presented on the LCD (Liquid Crystal Display). At the moment of an emergency, she will be able to touch a button once, and the incident is traced and sent to cops or menage, ensuring that she is safeguarded in a timely manner.

Vehicle Tracking System using GPS-GSM Accident Detection and Theft Security

A vehicle tracking system is very useful for tracking the movement of a vehicle from any location at any time. An efficient vehicle tracking system is designed and implemented for tracking the movement of any equipped vehicle from any location at any time. The proposed system made good use of popular technology that combines a smartphone with an Arduino UNO. This easy to make and inexpensive compared to others. The designed in vehicle device works using Global Positioning System (GPS) and Global System for Mobile Communication(GSM) technology that is one of the most common ways for vehicle tracking. The device is embedded inside a vehicle those positions is to be determined and tracked in real time. A vehicle tracking system is an electronic device installed in a vehicle to enable the owner or a third party to track the vehicle's location. This paper proposed to design a vehicle tracking system that works using GPS and GSM technology, which would be the cheapest source of vehicle tracking and it would work as anti-theft system. It is an embedded system which is used for tracking and positioning of any vehicle by using Global Positioning System (GPS) and Global system for mobile communication (GSM). An Arduino UNO is used to control the GPS receiver and GSM module. The vehicle tracking system uses the GPS module to get geographic coordinates at regular time interval. The GSM module is used to transmit and update the vehicle location to a database. This paper gives minute by minute update about vehicle location by sending SMS through GSM modem. This SMS contain latitude and longitude of the location of vehicle. Arduino UNO gets the coordinates from GPS modem and then it sends this information to user in text SMS. GSM modem is used to send this information via SMS sent to the owner of the vehicle. Location is displayed on LCD. And then Google map displays location and name of the place on cell phone. Thus, user able to continuously monitor a moving vehicle on demand using smartphone and determine the estimated distance and time for the vehicle to arrive at a given destination.

IMPLEMENTASI SISTEM MONITORING KOORDINAT LATITUDE DAN LONGITUDE BERBASIS INTERNET OF THINGS(IOT) SECARA REALTIME

Nowadays, the virtual world is not something new. The role of the virtual world relies heavily depend on communication to report the situation and condition as soon as the position of soldiers in the military world, to carrying out their assignments and training. To support this task, a tool for determining coordinates using HT (Handy Talky) was made by transmitting real-time GPS (Global Position System) data based on IoT (Internet of Things) using the internet protocol network as the transmission medium. With the GPS system, latitude and longitude data will be obtained from the GPS module. The results of data will be processed by the Microcontroller, which we use the Arduino Pro Micro module then sent to the Monitoring server which will be shown in the form of mapping and show coordinate data, observers can monitor the position of field personnel who are carrying out patrols according to their area.

An Efficient Approach for Ambulance Tracking System using GPS and GSM

An ambulance tracking system (ATS) is the need of the hour due to the recent pandemic situation going on around us. It is necessary that patients carrying vehicles such as ambulances must be equipped with the ATS technology. The ATS technology helps the hospital administration to carry out the necessary steps before the patient arrives at the hospital premises. In this technology, Global systems for Mobile communication (GSM) and Global Positioning System (GPS) are used for the efficient working of this device. In this system, a low-cost microcontroller-based electronic device Arduino is used to control the GPS and GSM modules. In this system, modem and display device such as liquid crystal display (LCD) is used at the user end which is also called as Base Station. Information regarding the location of the ambulance is provided by the GPS module. GSM module is used for communicating with the base station. The hospital administration can get the information of the arrival of the ambulance well in time and can increase the chance of survival of the patient as the time required for setting up basic components is done well in advance. This system can also be used for various other vehicles used in emergency situations.

434 MHz Environmentally Safe Monitoring Schema for Vehicular Network by AI-ML-IoT Technologies

Connected vehicular tracking schema operated in environmentally safe radio frequency of 434 MHz, artificial intelligence, and machine learning and IoT technology (CVT-AIML-IoT) is cost effective and secured tracking or device monitoring system. The prime benefit of the proposed CVT-AIML-IoT system is that it utilizes cloud internet of things (IoT) technology and active radio frequency identification over global positioning system (GPS), which is prone to attackers due to self-defenseless network architecture. The sliding side of GPS is observed; when the GPS module is switched-off, it can be hidden without any authorization. Hence, an uninterrupted observing secured system like CVT-AIML-IoT is a promising solution with dynamic vehicular PIN generation by AI-ML concept. CVT-AIML-IoT grids the traceable area based on the topographical dependency. Detection range gateway coupled with IoT transceiver module captures data from each tracking zone to the cloud for monitoring over Web UI support and mapped with time stamp. Hence, CVT-AIML-IoT assures vehicular monitoring in a lucrative approach.

Design of Intelligent Safety Protection Robot Based on Global Position System and Machine Vision

In this paper, an intelligent safety protection robot based on the integration of Global Position System(GPS) and machine vision is designed. The robot takes STM32F407 as the control core and is equipped with a variety of environmental monitoring sensors to realize real-time monitoring of the surrounding environment and alarm for potential safety hazards. In order to realize the stable and accurate autonomous navigation of robot, a system combining GPS technology with visual simultaneous localization and mapping (V-SLAM) technology is designed. GPS module collects longitude and latitude information, driving speed and heading Angle to complete the absolute positioning of the robot. Machine vision device collects image information, and the relative positioning of the robot is completed through digital image processing technology. The two positioning information was fused and output new positions and postures through Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF). Through the experimental verification of the combined navigation and positioning effect, the GPS and machine vision integrated navigation device has high precision, and the maximum error is controlled within 0.1 meters.