Global Positioning System Technology Research Articles

Bark Beetle‐Affected Forests Provide Elk Only a Marginal Refuge from Hunters

ABSTRACTFor nearly 2 decades, the forests of the Rocky Mountains in the United States experienced a bark‐beetle (Dendoctronus ponderosae) epidemic. The number of dead and falling trees from this epidemic likely will affect how elk (Cervus canadensis) and hunters use the forest and their interactions. Downed trees potentially create a component of refuge habitat that could affect the effectiveness of hunting to regulate abundance of growing elk populations. We evaluated how forests affected by bark beetles in south‐central Wyoming, USA, influenced resource selection of 50 female elk and 374 hunters in 2012–2016, and interactions between elk and hunters. We employed global positioning system (GPS) technology on elk and hunters, and developed a satellite‐derived land classification specifically depicting beetle‐affected forests. We tested the predictions that elk would increase use of beetle‐killed areas from summer to the hunting season, and that hunters would avoid beetle‐killed areas regardless of elk use. Elk increased use of beetle‐killed areas during hunting seasons as did hunters during the archery season; however, during the rifle season, hunters avoided beetle‐killed areas. Nevertheless, during the rifle season, areas of beetle‐kill with a high probability of elk occurrence dampened the aversion hunters had towards beetle‐killed areas. Therefore, in contrast to our expectations, forests that have been altered by the bark‐beetle epidemic may only function marginally as a refuge for elk. Our study area was at the beginning of the tree‐fall phase (i.e., ~3–7 yr after peak infestation) of the bark‐beetle epidemic; thus, future research efforts should focus on how a continued increase in downed trees will influence interactions between elk and hunters. At current levels of tree fall, however, beetle‐kill should not limit the ability of managers to regulate elk herds through harvest. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.

Environmental factors associated with diarrhoea prevalence among under-five children in the Mataniko settlements in Honiara, Solomon Islands.

Children aged less than 5 years are often at high risk of diarrhoeal infection. In the Solomon Islands, diarrhoea is the second leading cause of under-five mortality with about one in every 10 children dying from it before reaching 5 years. This study aims to assess environmental factors that are associated with under-five diarrhoea prevalence in the Mataniko informal settlements, in Honiara, Solomon Islands. Three out of the six settlements along the Mataniko River corridor were randomly selected. Caregivers who were taking care of at least one child under 5 years, and had signed a voluntary informed consent form, were included in the study. Instruments employed to collect the study variables were global positioning system technology and a questionnaire. Each child's medical record was used to verify the date of his or her diarrhoeal status. The data were entered and analysed using SPSS (v23). Binary logistic regression was used to measure the strength of association between under-five diarrhoea and the independent variables. A p-value of <0.05 was considered as statistically significant (p<0.05). A total of 205 caregivers with at least one child under 5 years participated in the study. Approximately half (45.9%) of the participants reported that their children (<5 years) had suffered with at least one episode of diarrhoea within the 2 weeks prior to the survey. Of the participants, 73.2% did not own a toilet facility and 61.0% of households were built on low-altitude areas (&le;19 m above sea level), and above half (70.6%) were built near (&le;125 m) the river. The presence of stagnant wastewater, flies, solid waste and water-filled containers near households, plus the distance of under-five households from the river, were found to be directly associated with under-five diarrhoea in the Mataniko informal settlements (p<0.05). Awareness and advocacy programs on environmental hygiene, food hygiene and potential health risks about the river should be ongoing at the community level.

Lumbar Spine Loading During Dressage Riding.

Lower back pain is prevalent in horse riders as a result of the absorption of repetitive and multiplanar propulsive forces from the horse. Global positioning system technology provides potential for in vivo measurement of planar loading during riding. To quantify the uniaxial loading at the lumbar and cervicothoracic spine during dressage elements. Repeated measures, randomized order. Equestrian arena. Patients (or Other Participants): Twenty-one female dressage riders. Each rider completed walk, rising trot, sitting trot, and canter trials in a randomized order. A global positioning system unit was placed within customized garments at C7 and L5, collecting triaxial accelerometry data at 100Hz. PlayerLoad based on the rate of change of acceleration and calculated in the anteroposterior (AP), mediolateral, and vertical planes during each trial. There was no significant main effect for global positioning system location in the AP (P = .76), mediolateral (P = .88), or vertical (P = .76) planes. There was a significant main effect for pace in all trials (P < .001), with successive elements eliciting significantly greater loading (P ≤ .03) in all planes in the order walk < rising trot < canter < sitting trot. There was a significant placement × element interaction only in the AP plane (P = .03) with AP loading greater at L5 during walk, rising trot, and canter trials, but greater at C7 during sitting trot. The significant main effect for dressage element was indicative of greater pace of the horse, with faster pace activities eliciting greater loading in all planes. In vivo measurement of spinal accelerometry has application in the objective measurement and subsequent management of lumbar load for riders.

To Study Smoking Violations through Global Positioning System-Enabled Mobile App, in Bhubaneswar, Odisha.

Introduction:The Government of India has formulated the Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Act (COTPA) to implement measures to ensure that effective protection is provided to nonsmokers from involuntary exposure to tobacco smoke. Bhubaneswar is the capital city of Odisha, India, was declared as “Tobacco Smoke Free City” in 2010. For strengthening the implementation of the COTPA Act, an effective regular assessment is needed, and hence, an observational study was planned to assess the current violations of Tobacco Smoking in Bhubaneswar.Materials and Methods:In this observational study, 416 different places were chosen from four different zones of Bhubaneswar. Data were collected with the help of Mobile enabled global positioning system (GPS) technology and pretested structured questionnaire.Results:In this study, 52.88% places were found to be having smoking violations. The study shows maximum violations have occurred in public places (90.89%) followed by transit places (75%). Violations were found to be very low in government buildings, educational, medical institutes, and hotel/restaurants. The average number of smokers in the city was found to be 4.90/place and the average number of smokers was found to be 4.37/public place.Conclusion:In this study, GPS-enabled Mobile App can be used to identify the different locations, where a violation of law occurs. This may help administrators to properly plan and implement the law. Even though Bhubaneswar was declared “Tobacco Smoke free city” in 2010, it is still lacking behind in fulfilling the implementation of law, to reduce Second Hand Smoking.

Very High Resolution SAR Imaging With DGPS-Supported Airborne X-Band Data

High spatial resolution imaging in synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) can provide accurate monitoring capacity and has been gaining great attention recently in the fields of military and civilian. Apparently, the slant range resolution of the SAR system depends on the radar operating bandwidth. Currently, the large bandwidth signal synthesizing technology of the stepped frequency chirp signal waveform is highly practical for achieving high spatial resolution. However, the system structure and the corresponding signal processing technology become more complex. In order to verify the feasibility and operability of the large full-bandwidth system, a 3.6-GHz full-bandwidth airborne experimental SAR system operating at X-band, featured by full-bandwidth transmitting and receiving, has been designed by the Department of Space Microwave Remote Sensing System, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, as a test bed for the development and implementation of the future spaceborne realizations. For this large full-bandwidth SAR system, in addition to the hardware resource, the motion compensation (MOCO) is an urgent problem. The improvement of spatial resolution will aggravate the effect of motion errors. In order to focus the SAR images accurately, this article presents a technical approach by utilizing the differential global positioning system (DGPS) technology to improve the position accuracy of the inertial measurement unit device. Meanwhile, considering the significant deviation of range cell migration correction (RCMC) due to the residual range-variant errors, this article proposes an accurate MOCO strategy with DGPS-supported to implement the second-order MOCO, space-variant residual range envelope, and space-variant residual phase error in azimuth before RCMC. Finally, this article presents the outfield experiment and reports the corresponding analysis and processing results of an outfield flight experiment successfully conducted in March 2019.

One health data audit: a spatio-temporal approach to cultivating sustainable multi-disciplinary collaboration and communication in zoonoses surveillance, control and stepwise elimination

Auditing public health data has become an important component of zoonosis surveillance for one health inclusion and communication. The concept of one health data audit may be defined as the inspection of data to assess their origins and traits, verifying their utility based on completeness, accuracy and timeliness in human-animal disease surveillance, food safety, security and other areas of public health importance. One health data audit involves looking at key metrics to make decisions about the properties of data sets in terms of the composite part of the tripartite of one health that they belong: animal, environment or human´s health attribution. In relation to the environmental component, one health data audit includes and promotes cartographic protocols for spatial and spatio-temporal data visualization, which plays a role in disease mapping and identification of associated risk factors, using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). We present ten critical points of how one health data audit was carried out, exemplified with dog bite victims´ records in rabies surveillance in West Africa. We concluded that as Global Positioning System (GPS) technology advances, so is its practical application in the tracking and mapping of zoonosis in space and time to achieve more accurate and complete one health data sources representation.

Submarine Target Recognition Based on Gps Positioning System

With the development of transportation and the rapid spread of travel tools, economic exchanges around the world have become more frequent. The Global Positioning System (GPS) is an all-weather, high-precision, wide-coverage electronic navigation device that plays an important role in identifying submarine targets. The key technology of GPS is the real-time accurate extraction of targets, and the essence of target extraction is image segmentation. In order to achieve the purpose of seabed target recognition, a simple and effective method is proposed. In this paper, image points of active target image features are calculated by image processing to achieve positioning of the target. The neural network is used to establish the coordinate correspondence of the target from the image space to the GPS positioning system space to locate the submarine space moving target. Based on the positioning principle of GPS technology, the navigation technology of submarine target recognition is studied. A multi-target detection experiment for submarine target location was carried out. The results show that the multi-target recognition and positioning system based on GPS positioning system combined with sonar image design, the target recognition accuracy rate is over 93%, which meets the technical requirements of the detection system. Improving the identification of submarine targets is important.

Metabolic power in hurling with respect to position and halves of match-play

The current investigation compared the metabolic power and energetic characteristics in team sports with respect to positional lines and halves of match-play. Global positioning system (GPS) technology data were collected from 22 elite competitive hurling matches over a 3-season period. A total of 250 complete match-files were recorded with players split into positional groups of full-back; half-back; midfield; half-forward; full-forward. Raw GPS data were exported into a customized spreadsheet that provided estimations of metabolic power and speed variables across match-play events (average metabolic power [Pmet], high metabolic load distance [HMLD], total distance, relative distance, high-speed distance, maximal speed, accelerations, and deceleration). Pmet, HMLD, total, relative and high-speed distance were 8.9 ± 1.6 W·kg-1, 1457 ± 349 m, 7506 ± 1364 m, 107 ± 20 m·min-1 and 1169 ± 260 m respectively. Half-backs, midfielders and half-forwards outperformed full-backs (Effect Size [ES] = 1.03, 1.22 and 2.07 respectively), and full-forwards in Pmet (Effect Size [ES] = 1.70, 2.07 and 1.28 respectively), and HMLD (full-backs: ES = -1.23, -1.37 and -0.84 respectively, and full-forwards: ES = -1.77, -2.00 and -1.38 respectively). Half-backs (ES = -0.60), midfielders (ES = -0.81), and half-forwards (ES = -0.74) experienced a second-half temporal decrement in HMLD. The current investigation demonstrates that metabolic power may increase our understanding of the match-play demands placed on elite hurling players. Coaches may utilize these findings to construct training drills that replicate match-play demands.

Using GPS Technologies with People with Dementia

In Norway and other Nordic countries, there is a policy emphasis on using welfare technologies to support people to live at home. For example, Global Positioning Systems (GPS) or ‘location technologies’ are used to support people with dementia and their next of kin with wayfinding. However, the research evidence has not been synthesised, and so the opportunities and challenges presented when using GPS technologies are not clear. This synthesising review examined all available empirical evidence on the use of GPS technologies by people with dementia and their family carers, through a critical disability lens – that is, in terms of protecting a person’s right to live in the community and taking the standpoint of the person with dementia (rather than a caregiver or health professional). Employing this lens meant that we engaged with the literature in a more critical way than standard reviews, and consciously looked for evidence of marginalisation. A search of six major English language databases in 2016 identified 23 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Synthesis of the findings led to the identification of three overarching themes: using GPS to stay safe, taking control and the value of GPS data for researchers. The review revealed a growing interest in the use of GPS technologies by people with dementia, which indicates that policy implementation is effective. Future work should take a disability-rights approach and focus on the value of using GPS technologies from the perspective of the person with dementia, as the opinions of this group are often overlooked in discussions about welfare technologies.

A Balance Interface Design and Instant Image-based Traffic Assistant Agent Based on GPS and Linked Open Data Technology

Taiwan is a highly informational country, and a robust traffic network is not only critical to the national economy, but is also an important infrastructure for economic development. This paper aims to integrate government open data and global positioning system (GPS) technology to build an instant image-based traffic assistant agent with user-friendly interfaces, thus providing more convenient real-time traffic information for users and relevant government units. The proposed system is expected to overcome the difficulty of accurately distinguishing traffic information and to solve the problem of some road sections not providing instant information. Taking the New Taipei City Government traffic open data as an example, the proposed system can display information pages at an optimal size on smartphones and other computer devices, and integrate database analysis to instantly view traffic information. Users can enter the system without downloading the application and can access the cross-platform services using device browsers. The proposed system also provides a user reporting mechanism, which informs vehicle drivers on congested road sections about road conditions. Comparison and analysis of the system with similar applications shows that although they have similar functions, the proposed system offers more practicability, better information accessibility, excellent user experience, and approximately the optimal balance (a kind of symmetry) of the important items of the interface design.

Study on an Indoor Positioning System Using Earth’s Magnetic Field

With the popularity of smart mobile devices, users can rely on global positioning system (GPS) technology when they are outdoors to determine their geographic location and to use other navigation services. However, GPS cannot reliably obtain satellite signals indoors, GPS is not suitable for indoor positioning applications. Wi-Fi and Bluetooth are the mainstream technologies used for indoor positioning today. But these radio technologies sometimes encounter problems, such as human-shadowing effects, multiple-path delays, and radio-wave interference, which can cause serious errors in the accuracy of indoor positioning results. In addition, using wireless network signals require the setup of certain infrastructure equipment. On the other hand, there are no such problems when using positioning technology based on the Earth’s magnetic field. This paper analyzes how the environment can influence magnetic field measurements from magnetometers in mobile devices and verifies that this system can be used to enable indoor positioning. This paper also proposes the use of a weighted magnetic field component and the k-nearest neighbors ( $k$ -NN) algorithm for enhanced precision in indoor positioning. Finally, the research results show that a positioning accuracy of 91.7% and an average positioning error distance of 0.76 m can be achieved with these methods. The results of experiments show that the system performance is significantly feasible.

The Success Factors of Mobile GPS Navigation Applications among Tourists in Malaysia

Smartphone users have increased tremendously in Malaysia in the last ten years. As smartphone users depend more on sophisticated and intelligent mobile devices to assist them in daily lives for better decision-making, this has prompted developers to develop more systems and applications suitable for them. One of the popular mobile applications for assisting travelers to locate their destinations is using Global Positioning System (GPS) technology. Regardless of any traveling purposes or types of users, these GPS navigation applications users prefer free or inexpensive, easy to access, and user-friendly systems and mobile applications. Google Maps is one of the freely available and popular applications that is used by around nine million users in the world. Researches on mobile applications developments were mostly based on Google Maps and its technology. Some of the recommendations by previous researchers include a further study on the factors that make Google Maps as a popular GPS navigation application in the world. Hence, this research targets to investigate the success factors of GPS navigation applications among smartphone users in Malaysia. A total of 402 tourists in Malaysia were selected to answer the questionnaires. The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) analysis began with exploratory factor analysis to analyze the success factors and followed by multiple regression analysis to examine their relationships via hypotheses testing. The outcomes of the study revealed that system quality, information quality, perceived value, and perceived usefulness were significantly influencing user satisfaction. Therefore, this research helps future researches and software development company to understand in-depth details of the success factors of GPS navigation applications, as well the body of knowledge for satisfaction research for mobile applications.

Perceptions and experiences of outdoor occupational workers using digital devices for geospatial biometeorological monitoring.

Wearable devices have the potential to track and monitor a wide range of biometeorological conditions (e.g., temperature, UV, air quality) and health outcomes (e.g., mental stress, physical activity, physiologic strain, and cognitive impairments). These sensors provide the potential for personalized environmental exposure information that can be harnessed for at-risk populations. Personalized environmental exposure information is of particular importance for populations that are continuously exposed to hazardous environmental conditions or with underlying health conditions. Yet, for these devices to be effective, individuals must be willing to monitor their health and, if prompted, adhere to warnings or notifications. To date, no study has examined the perceptions and use of digital devices and wearable sensors among vulnerable outdoor working populations. This study evaluated digital device use and perceptions among a population of groundworkers in three diverse geographic sites in the southeastern USA (Boone, NC, Raleigh, NC, and Starkville, MS). Our results demonstrate that biometeorological health interventions should focus on smartphone technology as a platform for monitoring environmental exposure and associated health outcomes. It was encouraging to find that those study participants were very likely to wear sensors and utilize global positioning system technology despite potential privacy issues. In addition, 3 out of 4 workers indicated that they would change their behavior if given a personalized heat preventive warning. Future development of wearable sensors and smartphone applications should integrate personalized weather warnings and ensure privacy to facilitate the use of these technologies among vulnerable populations.

307 A social facilitator can reduce calf walking behavior at weaning

Abstract Common industry practice is to wean beef calves prior to natural weaning with the objectives of improving cow body weight and preparing calves for the subsequent receiving, growing, and finishing phases of production. Discontinuing the cow-calf social and nutritional bond before natural weaning, however, causes atypical walking and vocalizing behaviors by calves that are detrimental to calf growth and health. A proposed alternative weaning method is the addition of a social facilitator cow at weaning to reduce calf stress. Utilizing global positioning system (GPS) technology, we were able to determine total distance walked, total time devoted to walking, and area of the pasture utilized by the calf. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of a social facilitator on calf growth during weaning and more specifically, walking behaviors, utilizing a Garmin® product. Angus x Simmental heifer calves (n = 80) were used in this study, and in all four replications calves were randomly allotted to each treatment group (n = 10), social facilitator (SF) or control (CON) on the day of weaning (day 0). Calves in the SF group were placed on pasture at weaning with a social facilitator, and CON calves were placed in a similar sized pasture without a social facilitator. All calves were allocated their own GPS tracking device on days 0 (weaning), 7, and 14 for a full 24 hours before removal. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design with repeated measurements (SAS 9.4). Placing calves with a social facilitator decreased the distance walked (P = 0.001), and the amount of time calves devoted to walking (P = 0.001). Placing a social facilitator with calves at weaning, therefore, has an effect on walking distance and amount of time calves devote to walking.

Energy Efficient Technology for Solid Waste Management in IoT-Enabled Smart City

The issues related to the solid and solvable waste generation and its management has become a serious concern in both the rural and urban areas, as there is a lot of migration of people from rural area to urban area which had leads the population of that area increased to few folds. Due to large human population, the solid waste had also increased and thus the management of this solid waste is now a major challenge. Nowadays Internet of Things (IOT) has evolved as a promising Technology to solve the issues of solid waste management in smart city. IOT consist of Smart devices viz. Sensors, Global System for Modulation (GSM) and Global Positioning System (GPS) technology which are incorporated in the atmosphere to monitor and collect information. In our work we have implemented the efficient technology for solid waste management in IOT environment. IOT enabled waste bin monitoring and its location to transportation department through web link is provided for information in the Control room. The solid waste is then recycled at recycling centers and updates of this recycled material (compost) is sent to control room so we used it as fertilizer for soil.

Distribution of Biomphalaria Snails in Associated Vegetations and Schistosome Infection Prevalence Along the Shores of Lake Victoria in Mbita, Kenya: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Schistosomiasis due to Schistosoma mansoni remains a major public health problem and cause of morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa despite the implementation of control programmes. More than 6 million Kenyans are at risk of infection. Regarding control measures, Biomphalaria snail species, which are the obligatory intermediate hosts for transmission of S. mansoni, have been neglected. Mbita subcounty in Homa Bay County, western Kenya, along Lake Victoria basin, has a high prevalence of S. mansoni infection despite mass drug administration. This study aimed to determine the abundance of Biomphalaria, with their associated vegetation and schistosome infection rates, along Mbita shoreline. Methods: Sixteen purposively selected sites along the Mbita shoreline were sampled for Biomphalaria snails using a 30-minute scooping technique. Global positioning system technology was used to map selected sites. The associated vegetation at sampling sites were collected and identified. Schistosome infection status among the snails was determined via the detection of cercaria shedding. Results: A total of 3,135 Biomphalaria sudanica snails were collected. The number of snails collected differed significantly between the 16 sites (F=11.735; degrees of freedom [df]=15.836; P<.001). Significant mean differences (MD) were also observed in terms of the number of snails collected per vegetation type (F=7.899; df=5.846; P<.001). The mean number of snails collected from Cyprus gracilis was significantly higher than that from Enydra fluactuants (MD= 2.03; P<.001), Eichhornia crassipes (MD=4.15; P<.010), and E. fluactuants mixed with E. crassipes (MD=2.516; P<.010). A total of 21 (0.67%) snails shed human cercariae, while 27 (0.86%) snails shed nonhuman cercariae, despite 14 sites having human faeces contamination. Conclusion: Although the schistosome infection prevalence among the snails was low, these sites may still be important exposure sites. C. gracilis is the main vegetation type associated with a high abundance of Biomphalaria snails. Molecular techniques are necessary for verification of schistosome positivity among the snails.

Application of GPS technology in space geological survey

In order to solve the shortcomings of traditional space geological survey technology, such as weak universality, heavy workload of human-computer interaction, and low accuracy, global positioning system (GPS) and real-time kinematics (RTK) are combined in this study to explore the application of GPS technology in space geological survey by using its global, all-weather, continuity, practicability, navigation, positioning, and timing characteristics. The results show that GPS technology not only has good performance and high precision but also improves the level of surveying and mapping technology compared with traditional geological surveying technology, unifies surveying and mapping benchmarks, avoids repeated construction of surveying marks, and provides multiple information services. The research of this study has great practical significance for traditional space geological survey to change the way of surveying and mapping geological map, to use advanced GPS aided design technology, to improve the level of modernization of design and the efficiency of designers, to realize the reduction of staff and increase efficiency, and to improve the productivity of the whole staff. At the same time, it also has important theoretical and practical value for geological survey. Moreover, the breakthrough of its key technologies will have good popularization value and application prospects.

Physical and Physiological Demands of Elite International Female Field Hockey Players During Competitive Match Play.

McGuinness, A, Malone, S, Petrakos, G, and Collins, K. The physical and physiological demands of elite international female field hockey players during competitive match play. J Strength Cond Res 33(11): 3105-3113, 2019-The aim of the current investigation was to quantify the physical and physiological demands of elite international female field hockey match play across halves of play. Thirty-eight participants (24 ± 5 years; 173 ± 5 cm; 72 ± 5 kg) took part in 19 competitive matches during the 2014-2015 season. Participants were monitored with global positioning system technology and heart rate monitors. Players were categorized based on 3 different playing positions. Activity was categorized into total (m), high-speed running distance (m; >16 km·h), and relative distance (RD) (m·min) due to the use of rolling substitutions. Heart rate was classified based on the percentage of players' individual peak heart rate (HRpeak) determined by a Yo-Yo intermittent recovery level 1 test. Players spent on average 44 ± 7 minutes in match play. The total distance (TD) covered was 5,558 ± 527 m (125 ± 23 m·min) with 589 ± 160 m (13 ± 4 m·min) completed at high speed. Defenders covered a greater TD compared with other positions of play (p ≤ 0.001). Midfield players covered a greater distance at high speed (p ≤ 0.001) with the forwards having a higher relative distance (p ≤ 0.001). The HRpeak of the players was 199 ± 1 b·min with a mean exercise intensity of 86 ± 7.8% of HRpeak. The time spent >85% HRpeak decreased significantly across the halves (p = 0.04, η = 0.09, small). Defenders were found to spend more time >85% HRpeak when compared with forwards (p ≤ 0.001). The current investigation provides normative data that coaches should consider when constructing training regimen.

Large-Truck Safety Warning System Based on Lightweight SSD Model.

Transportation is an important link in the mining process, and large trucks are one of the important tools for mine transportation. Due to their large size and small driving position, large trucks have a blind spot, which is a hidden danger to the safe transportation of mines and has a great impact on production efficiency and economic loss. The traditional large truck safety warning system mainly uses the ultrasonic short-distance ranging method, radar ranging method, GPS (Global Positioning System) technology, and so on. The disadvantage of these methods is that they are affected by the environment and weather, and they cannot display the object status in real time. Therefore, it is becoming increasingly important to realize the large truck safety warning system based on machine vision. Therefore, this paper proposes a lightweight SSD (Single Shot MultiBox Detector) model and an atrous convolution to build a large-truck object recognition model. First, the training images are collected and marked. Then, the object recognition model is established by using the lightweight SSD model. The atrous convolutional layer is introduced to improve small object detection accuracy. In the end, the objectness prior method is used to improve the classification speed. Experimental results show that, compared with the original SSD model, the lightweight SSD model occupies less space and runs faster. The lightweight SSD model with the atrous convolutional layer is more sensitive to small objects and improves detection accuracy. The objectness prior method further improves the identification speed. Compared with the traditional large truck safety warning, the system is not affected by the environment and realizes the visualization of large truck safety warning.

Predicting Future Perceived Wellness in Professional Soccer: The Role of Preceding Load and Wellness.

The influence of preceding load and future perceived wellness of professional soccer players is unexamined. This paper simultaneously evaluates the external load (EL) and internal load (IL) for different time frames in combination with presession wellness to predict future perceived wellness using machine learning techniques. Training and match data were collected from a professional soccer team. The EL was measured using global positioning system technology and accelerometry. The IL was obtained using the rating of perceived exertion multiplied by duration. Predictive models were constructed using gradient-boosted regression trees (GBRT) and one naive baseline method. The individual predictions of future wellness items (ie,fatigue, sleep quality, general muscle soreness, stress levels, and mood) were based on a set of EL and IL indicators in combination with presession wellness. The EL and IL were computed for acute and cumulative time frames. The GBRT model's performance on predicting the reported future wellness was compared with the naive baseline's performance by means of absolute prediction error and effect size. The GBRT model outperformed the baseline for the wellness items such as fatigue, general muscle soreness, stress levels, and mood. In addition, only the combination of EL, IL, and presession perceived wellness resulted in nontrivial effects for predicting future wellness. Including the cumulative load did not improve the predictive performances. The findings may indicate the importance of including both acute load and presession perceived wellness in a broad monitoring approach in professional soccer.