Global Pipelines Research Articles

Knowledge Flows and Industrial Clusters: Assessing the Sources of Competitive Advantage in Two English Regions

How knowledge is created, accessed, stored and disseminated has become a major focus of study when assessing the success or failure of industrial clusters. Marshall (1890; 225) initiated this debate when he noted: ‘The mysteries of the trade become no mysteries; but are as it were in the air’. In the edited collection by Wilson, Corker and Lane (2022), emphasis has been placed on the links between knowledge, knowledge flows and how innovation systems evolve and adapt. This paper builds on their work examining how tacit and codified knowledge is created and disseminated across a cluster. Bathelt et al (2004) have demonstrated how successful clusters build effective ‘global pipelines’ to access knowledge generated elsewhere, prompting us to think how a business history analysis can incorporate these concepts and how these processes have worked in practice. The paper analyses two English clusters and the processes involved in the formation of a common body of knowledge, a ‘knowledge-cum-industrial zeitgeist’ which explains the cluster’s performance. Specifically, it proposes a model that links internally-generated knowledge and ‘global pipelines’ that clusters develop to tap into externally-generated knowledge, which through effective feedback into the ‘local buzz’ results in further innovation and strengthens the cluster’s competitive advantage.

‘How do firms reach out to foreign universities? Inventors’ personal characteristics and the multinational structure of firms’

We analyze the determinants of firm-based inventors’ collaborations with universities abroad, comparing them with collaborations with national universities. We propose a micro-founded theoretical framework that introduces the role of personal linkages and global organizational pipelines as drivers of international academic collaborations, and we empirically investigate collaborations with national and international universities in a sample of inventors in Italy. We find that in general international collaborations depend positively on inventors working for multinational enterprises (MNEs). Instead for collaborations with national universities, the personal local linkages of the inventors play a large role. However, we also find that for collaborations with very distant universities abroad, such as US ones, working for an MNE is less crucial and the personal linkages of inventors become more important. In this case being an inventor with a network of foreign colleagues and with greater acquaintance with the norms of open science facilitates the interaction. This applies also to inventors who work for MNEs. The results point to a hybrid model of global linkages in the case of collaborations between firms and universities, in which both the personal international linkages of the inventors and the global organizational pipelines of MNEs play an important role.

Missing Elements of Knowledge Diffusion between Trade Fairs and Industrial Clusters Beyond Pipelines: Evidence from the Furniture Industry in Foshan, China

This study illustrates neglected elements of knowledge transfer from trade fairs to industrial clusters. Based on a case study of the knowledge interactions between a trade fair and a furniture industrial cluster in China, the article presents several non-pipeline-based knowledge creation and diffusion mechanisms that have been downplayed in existing literature. Major findings of this article include that, first, trade fairs do not exist in isolation from each other; rather, they are hierarchically related with each other mainly by unidirectional knowledge flows. Trade fairs in different hierarchical levels have distinct market or technology positioning, meeting variegated knowledge needs of inferior fair participating firms. Second, trade fairs are not simply places where exhibiting firms from afar meet and establish “global pipelines”; rather, due to the openness of the market they offer opportunities for many nonexhibiting (but visiting) firms to gain critical knowledge at the site and the vicinity (including back regions) of trade fairs. Third, if trade fairs are in geographical proximity to industrial clusters, they are connected not necessarily by established global pipelines, but rather by improvised unique knowledge spillovers in the local space that are neither typical local nor global buzz. Findings suggest that existing literature has paid much attention to the pipelines of trade fairs as temporary clusters while downplaying their attribute as an open market that can facilitate more spillovers of (quasi) public knowledge both at and beyond the fair venue.

A squeezed lemon or an appetizing olive? Exploring expatriate and repatriate talent management

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate Global Talent Management (GTM) approaches and praxis with a specific focus on global deployment goal congruence and alignment between expatriates and the organization, talent recognition, valuation and utilization of repatriates.Design/methodology/approachQualitative research in this paper entails interviews with 78 expatriates and repatriates across the globe, investigating their experiences with, perspectives on and perceptions of GTM praxis and approaches.FindingsFindings of this study revealed firstly, that there is incongruence and misalignment of goals in global deployment where organizational, financial goals prevailed over social and human-oriented goals. Secondly, a lack of global talent pools and pipelines where interviewees indicated that expatriate assignments (EAs) were typically reactionary without strategic forward thinking on talent management (TM), observable through organizations' focus on short-term return on investment (ROI) on EAs instead of long-term talent investments. Thirdly, there was little recognition and non-utilization of cross-cultural human capital and talents upon repatriation.Research limitations/implicationsThis study relied on self-reports of expatriates' and repatriates' perceptions of and experiences with GTM approaches. Future research should gather multi-actor, multiple-source data from expatriates and repatriates, senior leaders, line managers, GTM strategic business partners to gain more insight into GTM approaches and praxis.Practical implicationsOrganizations are recommended to conduct “Global Talent Management Open Strategy Formation” as the foundation of an evidence-based, integrative GTM architecture and praxis to ensure GTM effectiveness.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the literature by advocating for sustainable, people-centric GTM to safeguard the longevity and sustainability of all members of the talent ecosystem.

An intelligent optical fiber-based prewarning system for oil and gas pipelines

The total length of the global oil and gas pipelines has increased rapidly during the last decades. Subsequently, prewarning systems for pipeline intrusion damage incidents have become significantly important. The traditional remote optical fiber prewarning systems however often have high false-alarm and missing alarm rates due to the complex environment that reduces signal recognition accuracy. To address this issue, in this paper we analyze the signal characteristics of various dangerous events and then use dimensional signals in the space-time domain to develop a novel signal recognition method based on object detection. Our objective is to improve recognition accuracy and reduce the false alarm rate. Our experiments and test scenarios confirm that the recognition accuracy of this method is greater than 98%. We also examined the proposed method on Pipechina MaFang to MiYun with a total length of 41 km, and show that it significantly improves signal recognition and further provides good adaptability under various interferences.

The 2021 Marine Pharmacology and Pharmaceuticals Pipeline

ObjectiveMarine organisms continue providing significant chemical biodiversity that contributes to both the global preclinical and clinical pharmaceutical pipelines. A recently (2021) redesigned website www.marinepharmacology.org allows for easier and more frequent updates, thus highlighting the continuous progress in this area of marine pharmacology/pharmaceutical research and drug development.HypothesisThere has been progress in the approval and development of marine‐derived drugs in 2021.MethodsThe following four websites were researched to determine new marine‐derived drugs approved in 2021: (a) USA: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/ United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA); (b) Europe: https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr‐search/search European Clinical Trials register; (c) China: https://www.chictr.org.cn/enindex.aspx Chinese Clinical Trials register; and (d) www.clinicaltrials.gov to determine the current status of marine‐derived compounds in Phase I, Phase II, and Phase III of drug development.ResultsOur research supports our hypothesis because in 2021 there has been continued progress in the approval and development of marine‐derived drugs. In 2021 the clinical marine pharmaceutical pipeline consisted of 15 marine‐derived drugs approved by the FDA, 2 approved in Australia, and 1 approved in China: for cancer, cytarabine (Cytosar‐U®, Depocyt®, FDA‐approved 1969); for Herpes Simplex Virus, vidarabine (Vira‐A®, FDA‐approved 1976); for pain, ziconotide (Prialt®, FDA‐approved 2004); for hypertriglyceridemia, omega‐3‐acid ethyl esters (Lovaza®, FDA‐approved 2004, Vascepa®, FDA‐approved 2012, Epanova®, FDA‐approved 2014); for cancer, eribulin mesylate (Halaven®, FDA‐approved 2010), brentuximab vedotin (Adcetris®, FDA‐approved 2011), trabectedin (Yondelis®, FDA‐approved 2015), panobinostat (Farydak®, FDA‐approved 2015), plitidepsin (Aplidine®, approved in Australia 2018), polatuzumab vedotin (Polivy™, FDA‐approved 2019), enfortumab vedotin‐ejfv (PACDEV™, FDA‐approved 2019), lurbinectedin (Zepzelca™, FDA‐approved 2020, Australia 2021), belantamab mafadotin‐blmf (Blenrep™, FDA‐approved 2020), disitamab vedotin (Aidixi™, approved in China 2021), and tisotumab vidotin (Tivdak™, FDA‐Approved 2021). Furthermore, we determined that there were 33 marine‐derived compounds in active clinical trials in 2021: 5 marine‐derived compounds were in Phase III, 12 compounds in Phase II, and at least 16 compounds in Phase I. Many of compounds classified as auristatin‐containing antibody drug conjugates.ConclusionsIn 2021, new marine‐derived drugs were approved by FDA, as well as in Australia and China. The clinical development of marine‐derived drugs remained very robust and active with several advancing to Ph III, Ph II and entering at Ph I.

Forging connections: The role of ‘boundary spanners’ in globalising clusters and shaping cluster evolution

Synthesising the endogenous-centred evolutionary economic geography perspective, and the globally oriented ‘global pipelines’ and global production networks frameworks, this article develops the ‘boundary spanner’ concept to propose a theoretical framework to illustrate how resourceful actors, as boundary spanners, globalise clusters and in turn drive cluster evolution. This framework comprises four interrelated cluster boundary-spanning functions, namely, discursive construction, innovation promotion, production coordination and market reach. This article aims to advance the cluster literature by unpacking how clusters’ global connections are constructed and maintained, conceptualising the multidimensional role of the agency of boundary spanners and demonstrating boundary spanners’ contributions to cluster evolution.

Editorial: Creative industries at the intersection between local agglomeration, national regulation, and global networks

Editorial: Creative industries at the intersection between local agglomeration, national regulation, and global networks

The Marine Pharmacology and Pharmaceuticals Pipeline in 2020

Marine organisms continue to provide significant chemical biodiversity that contributes to both the global preclinical and clinical pharmaceutical pipelines. Thus, in December 2020, the clinical marine pharmaceutical pipeline consisted of 13 marine-derived drugs approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and 1 drug approved in Australia: for cancer, cytarabine (Cytosar-U®, Depocyt®, FDA-approved 1969); for herpes simplex virus, vidarabine (Vira-A®, FDA-approved 1976); for pain, ziconotide (Prialt®, FDA-approved 2004); for hypertriglyceridemia, omega-3-acid ethyl esters (Lovaza®, FDA-approved 2004, Vascepa®, FDA-approved 2012, Epanova®, FDA-approved 2014); for cancer, eribulin mesylate (Halaven®, FDA-approved 2010), brentuximab vedotin (Adcetris®, FDA-approved 2011), trabectedin (Yondelis®, FDA-approved 2015), Plitidepsin (Aplidine®, approved in Australia 2018), polatuzumab vedotin (Polivy™, FDA-approved 2019), enfortumab vedotin-ejfv (PACDEV™, FDA-approved 2019), lurbinectedin (Zepzelca™, FDA-approved 2020) and belantamab mafadotin-blmf (BlenrepTM, FDA-approved 2020). Both https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ website as well as the pharmaceutical companies websites describing the development of marine-derived compounds currently in Phase I, Phase II and Phase III of clinical development were searched. We determined that there were 33 marine-derived compounds in active clinical trials in December 2020: 4 marine-derived compounds were in Phase III, 17 compounds in Phase II, and at least 12 compounds in Phase I, many of them auristatin-containing antibody drug conjugates. Regular updates on the clinical marine pharmaceutical pipeline will be posted on the dedicated website: https://www.midwestern.edu/departments/marinepharmacology/clinical-pipeline.xml. Providing novel leads for the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline is the global preclinical marine pharmacology pipeline that continues to generate considerable preclinical data on multiple pharmacological classes: Mayer, A.M.S., A.J. Guerrero, A. D. Rodríguez, O. Taglialatela-Scafati, F. Nakamura and N. Fusetani. Marine Pharmacology in 2014–2015: Marine Compounds with Antibacterial, Antidiabetic, Antifungal, Anti-Inflammatory, Antiprotozoal, Antituberculosis, and Antiviral Activities; Affecting the Immune and Nervous Systems, and other Miscellaneous Mechanisms of Action. Marine Drugs 18(5), 2019. PMID: 31861527. We thus conclude that as of December 2020, both the marine pharmacology preclinical and clinical pharmaceutical pipelines remained very active.

The Marine Pharmacology and Pharmaceuticals Pipeline in 2020

The ocean’s organisms continue to deliver a chemical biodiversity that contributes to both the global preclinical and clinical pharmaceutical pipelines. Thus, in November 2019, the clinical marine pharmaceutical pipeline consisted of 9 approved marine‐derived drugs: for Herpes Simplex Virus, vidarabine (Vira‐A®, FDA‐approved 1976); for pain, ziconotide (Prialt®, FDA‐approved 2004); for hypertriglyceridemia, omega‐3‐acid ethyl esters (Lovaza®, FDA‐approved 2004); and for cancer, cytarabine (Cytosar‐U®, Depocyt®, FDA‐approved 1969);, eribulin mesylate (Halaven®, FDA‐approved 2010), brentuximab vedotin (Adcetris®, FDA‐approved 2011), trabectedin (Yondelis®, EU approved 2008, FDA‐approved 2015), plitidepsin (Aplidine®) approved in Australia in 2018 and polatuzumab vedotin (POLIVY®, FDA‐approved 2019). The website www.clinicaltrials.gov was researched for marine‐derived compounds in Phase I, Phase II and Phase III: Our research determined that there were 31 marine‐derived compounds in active clinical trials: 5 marine‐derived compounds were in Phase III, 13 compounds in Phase II, and at least 9 compounds in Phase I, several auristatin‐containing antibody drug conjugates or ADCs. Regular updates on the clinical marine pharmaceutical pipeline are posted on: https://www.midwestern.edu/departments/marinepharmacology.xmlFurthermore, it is important to note that the global preclinical marine pharmacology pipeline continues to generate considerable data on multiple pharmacological classes. We thus conclude that in November 2019, both the marine pharmacology preclinical and clinical pharmaceutical pipelines remained very active.Support or Funding InformationCollege of Pharmacy, Vicki Sears, Pharmacology Department, College of Graduate Studies and Office of Research and Sponsored Programs, Midwestern University

New perspectives on the treatment of mycobacterial infections using antibiotics.

More than 100years have passed since the discovery of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, in 1882, as the pathogen that causes tuberculosis (TB). However, globally, TB is still one of the leading causes of death by infectious diseases. In 2018, approximately 10.0 million people were diagnosed with TB owing to the development of advanced strategies by M. tuberculosis to resist antibiotics, including the development of a dormant state. The World Health Organization (WHO) and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are dedicated to ending TB by 2030. However, the development of strategies to discover new TB drugs and new therapies is crucial for the achievement of this goal. Unfortunately, the rapid occurrence of multidrug-resistant strains of M. tuberculosis has worsened the current situation, thereby warranting prioritized discovery of new anti-TB drugs and the development of new treatment regimens in academia and the pharmaceutical industry. In this mini review, we provide a brief overview of the current research and development pipeline for new anti-TB drugs and present our perspective of TB drug innovation. The data presented herein may enable the introduction of more effective medicines and therapeutic regimens into the market.Key Points• The Updated Global New TB Drug Pipelines are briefly summarized.• Novel strategies for the discovery of new TB drugs, including novel sources, bioinformatics, and synthetic biology strategies, are discussed.• New therapeutic options, including living therapeutics and phage therapy, are proposed.

Assessment of North American arthropod collections: prospects and challenges for addressing biodiversity research.

Over 300 million arthropod specimens are housed in North American natural history collections. These collections represent a “vast hidden treasure trove” of biodiversity −95% of the specimen label data have yet to be transcribed for research, and less than 2% of the specimens have been imaged. Specimen labels contain crucial information to determine species distributions over time and are essential for understanding patterns of ecology and evolution, which will help assess the growing biodiversity crisis driven by global change impacts. Specimen images offer indispensable insight and data for analyses of traits, and ecological and phylogenetic patterns of biodiversity. Here, we review North American arthropod collections using two key metrics, specimen holdings and digitization efforts, to assess the potential for collections to provide needed biodiversity data. We include data from 223 arthropod collections in North America, with an emphasis on the United States. Our specific findings are as follows: (1) The majority of North American natural history collections (88%) and specimens (89%) are located in the United States. Canada has comparable holdings to the United States relative to its estimated biodiversity. Mexico has made the furthest progress in terms of digitization, but its specimen holdings should be increased to reflect the estimated higher Mexican arthropod diversity. The proportion of North American collections that has been digitized, and the number of digital records available per species, are both much lower for arthropods when compared to chordates and plants. (2) The National Science Foundation’s decade-long ADBC program (Advancing Digitization of Biological Collections) has been transformational in promoting arthropod digitization. However, even if this program became permanent, at current rates, by the year 2050 only 38% of the existing arthropod specimens would be digitized, and less than 1% would have associated digital images. (3) The number of specimens in collections has increased by approximately 1% per year over the past 30 years. We propose that this rate of increase is insufficient to provide enough data to address biodiversity research needs, and that arthropod collections should aim to triple their rate of new specimen acquisition. (4) The collections we surveyed in the United States vary broadly in a number of indicators. Collectively, there is depth and breadth, with smaller collections providing regional depth and larger collections providing greater global coverage. (5) Increased coordination across museums is needed for digitization efforts to target taxa for research and conservation goals and address long-term data needs. Two key recommendations emerge: collections should significantly increase both their specimen holdings and their digitization efforts to empower continental and global biodiversity data pipelines, and stimulate downstream research.

Rising innovative city-regions in a transitional economy: A case study of ICT industry in Cluj-Napoca, Romania

City-regions have become the focused locations for economic development and policy intervention for innovation activities. As existing literature mostly studied innovative city-regions of the Global North, there is an urgent need to examine the emerging latecomers, particularly those from the transitional economies. In this paper, Cluj-Napoca, Romania has been used a case to study the rising innovative city-regions in the transitional economies, their role in the global innovation networks, and the development of domestic innovation capability. The paper's specific objectives are to evaluate the current status of its regional innovation cluster in the global network, its structural strength and weakness, and the effectiveness of institutional management. A multi-case analysis approach has been used to analyze domestic companies and multinational corporations that are key actors in local innovation system. In addition to the secondary data, 23 interviews were conducted with local business, university researchers, and government officials. The main findings are: first, while Romania as an economy is still categorized as a factor-driven economy, sectors of some city-regions in the country, such as the ICT sector, has started to move towards the innovation-driven economy closely articulated in the global innovation network, especially in Europe's innovation network of software development. Second, while the region can be characterized as to have the relatively strong global pipelines, i.e., linkages with outside players, it has weak local buzz, i.e., local networks. Third, multinational corporations that have generally been attracted to the region due to the overseas-returnee community who are interested in linking Cluj-Napoca to the global innovation network. Local companies have equally benefited from the returning IT talents. One particular challenge is that although start-ups were emerging in Cluj-Napoca, the city-region was not effective at retaining these start-ups by providing opportunities for their further growth. Fourth, like any other city-region, Cluj-Napoca has been under the institutional influence at multiple levels, from the European Union (EU), the national government, the regional government, the county government, to the municipal government. However, close university-industry connection remains a challenge. It is recommended that the city-region should consider a variety of approaches to enhance the local buzz, specifically the social networks and innovation milieu of the city-region. Moreover, it needs to provide more resources for start-ups and do a better job in the retention of the start-ups.

Linking global financial networks with regional development: a case study of Linyi, China

ABSTRACTThis study applies the global financial network (GFN) framework to investigate the process and consequences of global financing for a regional economy in a financial globalization era. Using Linyi, a prefectural-level city in China as a case study, it illustrates how the regional economy has been linked with GFN via overseas listings of the lead regional firms. By incorporating in offshore jurisdictions, listing on overseas stock exchanges in world cities and through interaction with international advanced business services firms, since the early 2000s the lead firms and regional economy of Linyi have established global capital and knowledge pipelines.

Rising Innovative City-Regions in a Transitional Economy: A Case Study of ICT Industry in Cluj-Napoca, Romania

We use Cluj-Napoca, Romania as a case, to study the rising innovative city-regions in the transitional economies, their role in the global innovation networks, and the development of domestic innovation capability. We have the following main findings: First, while Romania as an economy is still categorized as a factor-driven economy, sectors of some city-regions in the country, such as ICT sector of has started to move towards the innovation-driven economy closely articulated in the global innovation network, especially in Europe’s innovation network of software development. Second, while the region is characterized by the relatively strong global pipelines, i.e., linkages with outside players, it had weak local buzz, i.e., local networks. Third, multinational corporations that have generally been attracted to the region owe a large debt to the overseas-returnee community who are interested in linking Cluj-Napoca to the global innovation network. Local companies have equally benefited from the returning IT talents. One particular challenge is that although start-ups were emerging in Cluj-Napoca, the city-region was not effective at retaining these start-ups by providing opportunities for their further growth. Fourth, like any other city-region, Cluj-Napoca has been under the institutional influence at multiple levels, from the European Union (EU), the national government, the regional government, the county government, to the municipal government. However, close university-industry connection remains a challenge. We recommend the city-region to consider a variety approaches to enhance the local buzz, specifically the social networks and innovation milieu of the city-region. Moreover, it needs to pull more resources for start-ups and deals with the retention of the start-ups.

The Marine Pharmacology and Pharmaceuticals Pipeline in 2018

The ocean's organisms continue to deliver a chemical biodiversity that contributes to both the global preclinical and clinical pharmaceutical pipelines. Thus, in November 2018, the clinical marine pharmaceutical pipeline consisted of seven marine‐derived drugs approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA): for cancer, cytarabine (Cytosar‐U®, Depocyt®, FDA‐approved 1969); for Herpes Simplex Virus, vidarabine (Vira‐A®, FDA‐approved 1976); for pain, ziconotide (Prialt®, FDA‐approved 2004); for hypertriglyceridemia, omega‐3‐acid ethyl esters (Lovaza®, FDA‐approved 2004); for cancer, eribulin mesylate (Halaven®, FDA‐approved 2010), brentuximab vedotin (Adcetris®, FDA‐approved 2011), and trabectedin (Yondelis®, FDA‐approved 2015). The website www.clinicaltrials.gov was searched to determine marine‐derived pharmaceuticals that were in Phase I, Phase II and Phase III of clinical development in November 2018. Confirmation of our findings in the www.clinicaltrials.gov website was conducted by visiting the websites of all pharmaceutical companies supporting the development of compounds currently in Phase I, Phase II and Phase III of clinical development. Our clinical research determined that there were 25 marine‐derived compounds in active clinical trials in November 2018: 6 marine‐derived compounds were in Phase III, 10 compounds in Phase II, and at least 9 compounds in Phase I, many of them auristatin‐containing antibody drug conjugates or ADCs. Regular updates on the clinical marine pharmaceutical pipeline will be posted on the dedicated website: http://marinepharmacology.midwestern.edu/clinical_pipeline.html. Furthermore, it is important to note that the global preclinical marine pharmacology pipeline continues to generate considerable data on multiple pharmacological classes, as highlighted in a recent review: A. M. S. Mayer, A. D. Rodríguez, O. Taglialatela‐Scafati and N. Fusetani. Marine Pharmacology in 2012–2013: Marine Compounds with Antibacterial, Antidiabetic, Antifungal, Anti‐Inflammatory, Antiprotozoal, Antituberculosis, and Antiviral Activities; Affecting the Immune and Nervous Systems, and other Miscellaneous Mechanisms of Action. Marine Drugs 15 (9): 273, 2017. We thus conclude that in November 2018, both the marine pharmacology preclinical and clinical pharmaceutical pipelines continued to remain very active.Support or Funding InformationSupport by the College of Pharmacy, Vicki Sears, Pharmacology Department, College of Graduate Studies and Elizabeth Tallman, Information Technology Services, Midwestern University are gratefully acknowledged.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.

Global pipelines and absorptive capacity: insights from the clustered firms at São Francisco River Valley

This study verified if the knowledge provides by global pipelines is absorbed by clustered firms contributes to minimising both local and clusters asymmetries. We studied one of the most important agricultural barns of Brazil, the fruit-growing cluster Sao Francisco River Valley (SFRV). It was a Case Study using the technique of Content Analysis through the ATLAS.ti software. A threefold data collection process enhanced the construct validity, allowing the triangulation of the sources and findings. The results showed that Global pipelines minimised the knowledge asymmetries among regions (macro level), but increase the asymmetries inside the cluster, among the firms (micro level). There are two mediating variables to increase the cluster innovation, the firm absorptive capacity and the information access. In the empirical level, the results showed that manager consultants are an essential figure in the SFRV, they are innovation hunters from global markets and provided the knowledge transfer to clustered firms.

Global pipelines and absorptive capacity: insights from the clustered firms at São Francisco River Valley

Global pipelines and absorptive capacity: insights from the clustered firms at São Francisco River Valley

Knowledge transfer in time of crisis: evidence from the Trentino region

ABSTRACTThe last decade has shown a shift of focus of the literature on networks to a more dynamic perspective, and towards the study of mechanisms that drive network evolution inside regions. The strategic behaviour of network agents and the evolution of networks may be affected by the occurrence of macroeconomic events external to the region. This paper assesses the impact of different factors on the trust created between agents through repetition of previous collaborations before and after the global economic recession of 2008. Main findings show that actors in periods of crisis prefer collaboration with trustful actors with whom they cooperated in the past, than to actors with whom they share common characteristics (proximities). In high-risk periods, the knowledge network is more inert, while in low risk periods, actors prefer to expand the knowledge network of the region, investing in global pipelines and importing knowledge from distant regions.

FliPer: A global measure of power density to estimate surface gravities of main-sequence solar-like stars and red giants

Asteroseismology provides global stellar parameters such as masses, radii, or surface gravities using mean global seismic parameters and effective temperature for thousands of low-mass stars (0.8M⊙<M< 3M⊙). This methodology has been successfully applied to stars in which acoustic modes excited by turbulent convection are measured. Other methods such as the Flicker technique can also be used to determine stellar surface gravities, but only works for loggabove 2.5 dex. In this work, we present a new metric called FliPer (Flicker in spectral power density, in opposition to the standard Flicker measurement which is computed in the time domain); it is able to extend the range for which reliable surface gravities can be obtained (0.1 < logg< 4.6 dex) without performing any seismic analysis for stars brighter thanKp< 14. FliPer takes into account the average variability of a star measured in the power density spectrum in a given range of frequencies. However, FliPer values calculated on several ranges of frequency are required to better characterize a star. Using a large set of asteroseismic targets it is possible to calibrate the behavior of surface gravity with FliPer through machine learning. This calibration made with a random forest regressor covers a wide range of surface gravities from main-sequence stars to subgiants and red giants, with very small uncertainties from 0.04 to 0.1 dex. FliPer values can be inserted in automatic global seismic pipelines to either give an estimation of the stellar surface gravity or to assess the quality of the seismic results by detecting any outliers in the obtainedνmaxvalues. FliPer also constrains the surface gravities of main-sequence dwarfs using only long-cadence data for which the Nyquist frequency is too low to measure the acoustic-mode properties.