Global Physical Activity Questionnaire Research Articles

The association between the child’s age and mothers’ physical activity: results from the population-based German National Cohort study

BackgroundSince physical activity is an important determinant of physical and mental health, lower levels of physical activity among mothers reported in previous research are concerning. The aim of this study was to examine whether physical activity levels differ among mothers depending on the age of the youngest child.MethodsCross-sectional data from the German National Cohort study, comprising 3959 mothers aged 22–72 years with offspring aged 0–54 years (grouped into 0–5, 6–11, 12–17, 18–29 and > 30 years) was used. The Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) was used to assess physical activity among mothers in leisure time, transport and (occupational and non-occupational) work settings, quantified as MET-minutes per week. Means (with 95% confidence interval) of mothers’ weekly MET-minutes were visualized in graphs, stratified by mothers’ and the youngest child’s age. Linear regression analyses assessed the association between the child’s age and self-reported time and intensity of mothers’ physical activity within each activity domain and for the total physical activity.ResultsAdjusted results suggested that the MET-minutes in work settings were lower among mothers with younger children. This association was clearest in mothers whose youngest child was under 12 years old, among whom lower self-reported physical activity at work compared to mothers with children at age 30 and older was found. No association was observed between the age of the youngest child and mothers’ MET-minutes in leisure nor in transport settings. The self-reported physical activity of mothers whose youngest child was in the same child age group was found to be lower with increased maternal age. As expected, the work related activity dominated the self-reported physical activity.ConclusionsThe results show differences in mothers’ self-reported physical activity by the age of the youngest child. The strongest difference was related to physical activity in work settings, indicating the need for supportive actions.

Physical activity and body composition risk for metabolic syndrome

Metabolic syndrome is one of the main risk factors for various diseases such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. The effect of physical activity has been widely studied regarding its benefits in reducing the development of metabolic syndrome. However, there are still underlying shortcomings in the results of previous research. Objective: to assess the influence of physical activity and metabolic syndrome components on the risk of metabolic syndrome in workers. Cross-sectional research was conducted on employees of PT. PLN. Variables assessed include waist circumference, arm circumference, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, blood glucose and total cholesterol. Physical activity assessment was carried out using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). A total of 40 employees were included in this study. A total of 18 respondents (45%) were at risk of metabolic syndrome. The majority of metabolic syndrome components in employees are overweight (50%), excessive arm and waist circumference (85% and 65%, respectively). The majority of respondents had moderate physical activity (57.5%) and high activity (27.5%). Excessive arm and waist circumference had a significant relationship with the risk of metabolic syndrome in respondents (p < 0.05), however, physical activity did not affect the risk of metabolic syndrome. It is hoped that further research in broader populations will be needed to assess risk factors for metabolic syndrome in workers.

Significant decrease in the incidence of osteoporotic hip fracture in patients with higher leisure-time physical activity: A case-control study

IntroductionThe principal group of people who suffer from fragility hip fractures is the elderly population, gaining relevance given the increase in the average median age of the Chilean and European populations. This fracture risk is associated with a decreased bone density. Physical activity is a protective factor in the risk of falls and a determinant of bone resistance. ObjectivesDetermine the impact of physical activity on the probability of suffering a fragility hip fracture in a population ≥ 60 years of age in a public trauma hospital in Chile. Materials and methodsIt was conducted a relational analytical study of cases and controls. A total of 147 patients participated, the case group with osteoporosis hip fracture formed for 72 patients, and the control group without hip fracture 75 patients formed for 75 patients. To quantify physical activity was applied the instrument Global Physical Activity Questionnaire in the control group, and a designed version to assess pre-fracture physical activity in the case group. ResultsThere is a significant statistical difference between the incidence of hip fractures and physical activity during leisure time, both for vigorous physical activity (p = 0.002, p < 0.05), moderate physical activity (p < 0.001, p < 0.05), and for moderate physical activity at work (p = 0.016, p < 0.05). ConclusionsPhysical activity during leisure time and moderate physical activity at work showed to be factors associated with a significant decrease in the incidence of fragility hip fractures.

The moderating effect of physical activity on the relationship between neutrophil count and depressive symptoms

Variations in immune cell counts can trigger depressive symptoms, while physical activity effectively reduces the risk and severity of depressive symptoms. This study, based on the NHANES database, analyzes the relationship between neutrophil count and depressive symptoms and explores the moderating effect of physical activity on this relationship. Cross-sectional data from the NHANES database were extracted, including immune cell counts, PHQ-9 scores for self-assessment of depressive symptoms, and Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) scores (PA). The interrelations among physical activity, neutrophil count, and depressive symptoms were analyzed. After controlling for confounding factors, neutrophil count was found to have a significant role in identifying depressive symptoms with an odds ratio (OR) [95% Confidence Interval (CI)] = 1.13 [1.02, 1.251]; the moderating effect of physical activity on the impact of neutrophil count on depressive symptoms was statistically significant (coefficient = -0.0028, P < 0.05). Neutrophil count may be a significant factor in identifying depressive symptoms in adults. As an effective moderating factor, physical activity can mitigate the impact of neutrophil count on depressive symptoms to a certain extent.

The correlation between physical activity and hypertension in menopausal women

Background: Hypertension is one of the deadliest diseases worldwide and ranks first among the most common diseases in Mengwi, Badung. Hypertension is characterized by persistently high blood pressure, with systolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 90 mmHg. Physical activity plays a crucial role in maintaining heart health. This research aimed to determine the relationship between physical activity and hypertension in menopausal women. Methods: The research used an analytical observational method with a cross-sectional approach. This research was conducted in August–November 2023 at Desa Penarungan, Mengwi, Badung, Bali. Purposive sampling was used as the sampling method, resulting in 80 samples. Physical activity was measured using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ), and blood pressure was measured using a sphygmomanometer. Data was analyzed using the Spearman rank statistical test. Results: The statistical test showed a value of p=0.000 (p&lt;0.005), indicating a significant relationship between physical activity and hypertension in menopausal women. The obtained correlation value was r=-0.479, which was negative and signified an inverse or opposite relationship with a relatively strong correlation level. This suggested that the lower the level of physical activity, the higher the degree of hypertension. Conclusion: There was a significant relationship between physical activity and hypertension in menopausal women.

#2856 Sleep disturbances in non-dialysis dependent chronic kidney disease—The CKD-REIN cohort study

Abstract Background and Aims Sleep disturbances are common in patients on dialysis, but little is known about their prevalence and determinants in earlier chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages. We assessed the prevalence of insomnia, excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), and sleep apnea, and studied their relation with kidney function, before and after accounting for various other potential determinants in patients with moderate or severe CKD. Method This study included 2657 nephrology outpatients with non-dialysis dependent CKD (mean age, 67 ± 12 years; 66% men; mean eGFR, 33 ± 12 mL/min/1.73 m2) from the French CKD-REIN (CKD-Renal Epidemiology and Information Network) cohort study who completed the Basic Nordic Sleep Questionnaire at baseline. Insomnia was defined as having badly or rather badly been sleeping, or having had difficulties falling asleep or awakened too early without being able to fall asleep again at least 3 times per week, over the past 3 months. And EDS, as feeling excessively sleepy during daytime at least 3 times per week over the past 3 months. Sleep apnea with or without continuous positive airway pressure use were identified from medical records. For each sleep disturbance, we assessed the crude prevalence by sex and by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) categories. We estimated adjusted odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) associated with eGFR decrease (per 10 mL/min/1.73 m2) and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) categories (A1-A3), as well as with age, sex, education (years), smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity (estimated by the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire), performance score in Instrumental Activities of Daily Living [IADL], obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, depression, patient-reported cramps, itching and stress or worry about CKD, and relevant drug use. Results Overall prevalence of insomnia, EDS, and sleep apnea were 23%, 15%, and 14%, respectively, with differences between women and men for insomnia, 30% vs 19%, EDS, 17% vs 13%, and sleep apnea, 10% vs 17%, respectively (all P-values &amp;lt;.001). Crude prevalence of EDS significantly increased with decreasing eGFR category (without interaction with sex), but not those for insomnia and sleep apnea (Figure). ACR categories were not associated with either sleep disturbances. In multivariable analyses, factors significantly associated with higher prevalence of insomnia included female sex, smoking, low physical activity, depression, and thyroid hormone use. There were also strong dose-response relations between insomnia prevalence and to what extend patients reported being bothered by cramps or itching, or stressed/worried about CKD. The crude relation of eGFR with EDS tended to weaken (ORs [95% CI], 1.10 [0.99-1.22] per 10 mL/min decrease, p-value 0.09) in multivariable analysis, which showed higher ORs associated with past smoking, depression, lower IADL score, insomnia, and betablocker use, as well as dose-response relations with itching, and stress/worry about CKD. Factors significantly associated with increased prevalence of sleep apnea included male sex, alcohol consumption, lower IADL score, obesity, depression, and cardiovascular disease. Conclusion This analysis of baseline data from the CKD-REIN cohort shows that, in patients with non-dialysis dependent CKD, EDS alone appeared to be related to kidney function level. The study, however, suggests the potential role of modifiable CKD-related symptoms, cramps and itching, and of being stressed or worried about CKD, in addition to that well-documented for behavioral and clinical risk factors, and drugs in the risk of insomnia and EDS.

Nonlinear dose-response association of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity with hyperuricemia in US adults: NHANES 2007-2018.

The relationship between physical activity and hyperuricemia (HUA) remains inconsistent, and the dose-response association between moderate-to- vigorous physical activity (MVPA) level and HUA still unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the dose-response association of MVPA with HUA, and to explore an appropriate range of MVPA level for preventing HUA. Data from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2018 were used, including 28740 non-gout adult Americans. MVPA level was self-reported using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire and serum uric acid was measured using timed endpoint method. The dose-response relationship between MVPA level and HUA was modeled with restricted cubic spline analysis. Logistic regression analysis were applied to estimate odd ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the relationships between MVPA level and HUA. A total of 28740 adults were included in the study (weighted mean age, 47.3 years; 46.5% men), with a prevalence rate of HUA was 17.6%. The restricted cubic spline functions depicted a general U-shaped relationship between MVPA level and HUA. The MVPA level of 933 and 3423 metabolic equivalent (MET) -min/wk were the cut-off discriminating for the risk of HUA. Participants with MVPA levels in the range of 933-3423 MET-min/wk had lower risk of HUA and they had the lowest risk when MVPA levels at around 1556 MET-min/wk. Compared with the moderate-activity group (600-2999 Met-min/wk), the low-activity group (< 600 Met-min/wk) had a greater risk of HUA (OR, 1.13 [95%CI, 1.02-1.26]) after fully adjusting for potential confounders. Compared with the moderate MVPA level, the low MVPA level was associated with the higher risk of HUA. And there may be a U-shaped dose-response relationship between MVPA level and HUA. When MVPA level was approximately 933-3423 MET-min/wk, the risk of HUA may at a lower level and the risk reached the lowest when MVPA level at around 1556 MET-min/wk.

Physical Activity and Quality of Sleep Among Patient with Chronic Kidney Disease on Hemodialysis: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients on hemodialysis face issues like poor quality of sleep and reduced physical activity, which can impair their quality of life. This study aimed to assess the physical activity and quality of sleep among CKD patients on hemodialysis. This cross-sectional study was conducted at All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Jodhpur. Data from 66 participants selected consecutively using self-reported standardized tools, namely, Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), were collected, along with sociodemographic variables. After receiving written informed consent, questionnaires were administered through face-to-face interviews. The majority of the individuals, 45 (68.2%), were found to be physically active with a mean score of 2280.8 metabolic equivalents (MET)-min/week. The average PSQI score was 9.24 ± 4, and 49 (74.2%) participants had a PSQI score as higher than 5, suggesting poor quality of sleep. Physical activity and quality of sleep were found to have a significant relationship (P = 0.03). Physical activity was found to have a significant relationship with age (P = 0.01), whereas quality of sleep was associated with smoking status (P = 0.04), alcohol consumption (P < 0.01), and body mass index (BMI; P = 0.03). Contrary to many studies where CKD patients on hemodialysis were found to be physically inactive, the present study showed a substantial portion of them to be physically active. Poor quality of sleep was common; hence, interventions to promote sleep quality recommended.

Factors associated with physical inactivity among Palestinians with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated in resource-limited settings

This study determined the prevalence and the associated factors with meeting the recommended amount of physical activity among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients receiving care in resource-limited settings of the West Bank of Palestine. Physical activity was assessed using the World Health Organization’s Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Associations were examined using multivariate logistic regression. Of the 302 patients included, 117 (38.7%) met the recommended amount of physical activity. Being younger than 58 years [aOR = 2.1 (95% CI 1.0–4.3], were employed [aOR = 2.3 (95% CI 1.1–4.9)], had high income [aOR = 3.9 (95% CI 1.3–11.9)], had thought that physical activity was crucial for T2DM patients [aOR = 32.7 (95% CI 3.9–275.5)], did not have comorbidities [aOR = 2.2 (95% CI 1.1–4.4)], had normal weight [aOR = 2.8 (95% CI 1.3–6.0)], and those who were overweight [aOR = 2.6 (95% CI 1.1–6.0)] were more likely to meet the recommended amount of physical activity compared to the patients who were 58 years or older, had low income, did not think that physical activity was crucial for T2DM patients, had comorbidities, and were obese, respectively. There is a need to increase physical activity among T2DM patients in resource limited settings.

NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND SOME RELATED FACTORS IN MEDICAL STUDENTS

Background: Today, the global challenge of malnutrition encompasses both undernutrition and overweight, particularly prevalent in low and middle-income nations. Excessive body fat accumulation poses health risks for overweight and obese individuals. Objectives: To assess nutritional status and identify related factors among Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy (CTUMP) medical students. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 137 first-year medical students at CTUMP to evaluate their body fat percentage using the Harpenden Skinfold Caliper. Skinfold measurements were taken from the bicipital, tricipital, subscapular, and suprailiac sites. Furthermore, physical activity levels were classified using the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) consisting of 16 questions on 4 domains. The research was carried out at CTUMP from December 2022 to June 2023. Results: Compared to urban areas, a higher percentage of male students engage in physical activity in rural areas; however, this trend is not observed among female students. Additionally, female students exhibited thicker skin folds in four areas (biceps, triceps, suprailiac, and subscapular) compared to male students. Conversely, the fold thickness in the suprailiac region was greater in female students. The mean body fat percentage was 20.40±4.61% in male students and 30.48±4.32% in female students. Non-obese students comprised the majority in this study, with 84.3% of male students being non-obese. Among female students, 53.7% were classified as obese and 46.3% as non-obese. There was insufficient evidence to indicate differences between residential student groups and physical activity levels. Conclusions: The study reveals that the majority of participating students are non-obese. Furthermore, the average body fat percentage among women is found to be higher compared to both men and the general population. However, there is inadequate evidence to show variances among student groups residing in diverse areas or partaking in varying levels of physical activity.

Costs associated with insufficient physical activity in Germany: cross-sectional results from the baseline examination of the German national cohort (NAKO).

Insufficient physical activity (PA) is a leading risk factor for non-communicable diseases posing a significant economic burden to healthcare systems and societies. The study aimed to examine the differences in healthcare and indirect costs between sufficient and insufficient PA and the cost differences between PA intensity groups. The cross-sectional analysis was based on data from 157,648 participants in the baseline examination of the German National Cohort (NAKO) study. Healthcare and indirect costs were calculated based on self-reported information on health-related resource use and productivity losses. PA in the domains leisure, transport, and work was assessed by the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire and categorized into sufficient/insufficient and intensity levels (very low/low/medium/high) based on PA recommendations of the World Health Organization. Two-part models adjusted for relevant covariates were used to estimate mean costs for PA groups. Insufficiently active people had higher average annual healthcare costs (Δ €188, 95% CI [64, 311]) and healthcare plus indirect costs (Δ €482, 95% CI [262, 702]) compared to sufficiently active people. The difference was especially evident in the population aged 60 + years and when considering only leisure PA. An inverse association was observed between leisure PA and costs, whereas a direct association was found between PA at work and costs. Adjusting for the number of comorbidities reduced the differences between activity groups, but the trend persisted. The association between PA and costs differed in direction between PA domains. Future research may provide further insight into the temporal relationship between PA and costs.

How Do Awareness, Perceptions, and Expectations of an Urban Greenway Influence Residents’ Visits and Recreational Physical Activity? Evidence From the Connswater Community Greenway, Belfast, Northern Ireland

How Do Awareness, Perceptions, and Expectations of an Urban Greenway Influence Residents’ Visits and Recreational Physical Activity? Evidence From the Connswater Community Greenway, Belfast, Northern Ireland

Abstract PO3-11-07: Dose-response association between post-diagnosis exercise and clinical outcomes among survivors of breast cancer (BC)

Abstract Background: Higher levels of pre and post-diagnosis physical exercise lead to reduced risk of death among survivors of BC. However, the effect of exercise on recurrence remains unclear. Furthermore, previous studies assumed a linear relationship between exercise and clinical outcomes, used discrete classifications of exercise and did not report results according to BC subtype. The aim of this study was to investigate the dose–response relationship of exercise and clinical outcomes among survivors of BC and by BC subtypes. Methods: We included pts diagnosed with stage I-III BC from the CANTO cohort (NCT01993498). CANTO collects longitudinal data, including self-reported exercise exposure using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ-16), at diagnosis (dx), 1 (T1), 2 (T2) and 4 (T3) years after dx. Exercise exposure in travel and leisure time was calculated according to GPAQ16 guidelines to derive a total MET-hours per week (MET-h/w) at dx and T1 and absolute change in exercise was computed between these timepoints. Outcome of interest was distant relapse-free interval (DRFI) according to STEEP criteria. Restricted cubic splines from unadjusted Cox models assessed the dose-response relationship between exercise and DRFI in the overall cohort and by BC subtype. Kaplan-Meier estimator, log-rank test and multivariate Cox models assessed the prognostic role of exercise. Results: In the overall cohort with available data on exercise at dx (N=10,359) mean (SD) age and BMI were 56.3 (11.2) years and 25.9 (5.4) kg/m2, 38.7% of pts were premenopausal, 52.9% received chemotherapy and 81.9% hormonal therapy, 57.1% were meeting WHO exercise recommendations at dx. At a median (IQR) follow-up of 5.5 (3.9-6.5) years, 541 DRFI events were observed. In the overall cohort, the spline showed a significant non-linear relationship between exercise at dx and DRFI: exposure greater than ≈5 MET-h/w was associated with an inverse linear risk reduction up to ≈25 MET-h/w. A similar relationship was observed in the HR+/HER2- and HR-/HER2- cohorts. On this basis, exercise was categorized as ‘no exercise’ (0 MET-h/w) and ‘exercise’ (≥ 5 MET-h/w). Pts reporting exercise ≥ 5 MET-h/w had longer DRFI compared to those reporting no exercise in the overall (log-rank p&amp;lt; 0.0001), HR+/HER2- (log-rank p&amp;lt; 0.0113) and HR-/HER2- (log-rank p&amp;lt; 0.0001) cohorts. In multivariate analyses, reporting exercise ≥ 5 MET-h/w was associated with a significant lower risk of DRFI events in the overall (HR 0.75, 95%CI 0.62-0.90) and HR-/HER2- cohorts (HR 0.54, 95%CI 0.37-0.80). Absolute change in exercise exposure from dx to T1 was available in 8,516 pts: 34.2% increased exercise (≥ 5 MET-h/w), 25.9% decreased exercise (≤ -5 MET-h/w) and 39.8% maintained exercise ( &amp;gt; –5 and &amp;lt; +5 MET-h/w). The spline showed a non-significant relationship between change in exercise and risk of DRFI events and change in exercise was not significantly associated with risk of DRFI events in multivariate analyses. Conclusions: In this large, prospective cohort of survivors of BC, higher exercise at diagnosis was associated with reduced risk of DRFI events. The relationship between exercise dose and clinical outcomes appears non-linear and to differ based on subtype. Change in exercise after breast cancer diagnosis does not appear to impact on clinical outcomes. Future studies should aim at validating these findings in independent cohorts. XX XX Citation Format: Davide Soldato, Ines Vaz Luis, Julie Havas, Antonio Di Meglio, Neil Iyengar, Barbara Pistilli, Paul Cottu, Florence Lerebours, Charles Coutant, Aurélie Bertaut, Olivier Trédan, Laurence Vanlemmens, Christelle Jouannaud, Ioana Hrab, Sibille Everhard, Anne-Laure Martin, Fabrice André, Lee Jones. Dose-response association between post-diagnosis exercise and clinical outcomes among survivors of breast cancer (BC) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PO3-11-07.

Urban-rural differences in the association between occupational physical activity and mortality in Chinese working population: evidence from a nationwide cohort study

Despite emerging studies suggesting that occupational physical activity (OPA) might be harmful to health, the available evidence is not definitive. Most of these research studies were conducted in high-income Western countries or in urbanized setting. In China, where over one-third of the population resides in rural area, the impact of OPA on health is not well understood. The goal of this study is to investigate how the association between OPA and mortality vary by urban-rural settings. Baseline data on OPA was gathered using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire from 30,650 urban and 49,674 rural working adults as part of the 2013-2014 China Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance. Participants were followed for a median of 6.2 years, and death records were retrieved from the National Mortality Surveillance System until December 31, 2019. The multivariable Cox proportional hazard model was used to examine urban-rural differences in the association between OPA and all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. Subgroup analyses were performed by sex, socioeconomic status, leisure time, transportation, and non-occupational physical activity. During the study period, 1342 deaths were recorded, of which 426 were caused by CVD. In rural area, working adults engaging in occupational moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) for ≥40h per week, compared to those without any, had an adjusted hazard ratio of 0.60 (95% CI: 0.49-0.73) for all-cause mortality and 0.55 (95% CI: 0.37-0.83) for CVD mortality. However, no significant association was found in urban area (0.84 [0.61-1.15] for all-cause mortality, Pinteraction=0.036; and 0.94 [0.53-1.66] for CVD mortality, Pinteraction=0.098). The negative associations of occupational MVPA with mortality were more pronounced in women, non-smokers, and those with less non-occupational physical activities. Hypertension, heart rate, and diabetes were important contributors to the relationship between occupational MVPA and mortality. The findings from the current study did not support the notion that high levels of OPA would induce harm. On the contrary, in rural setting, higher levels of OPA were associated with lower mortality risks. Furthermore, the observed urban-rural differences in the association between OPA and mortality underscored the need for context-specific public health guidelines on physical activities. R&D Program of Beijing Municipal Education Commission (KM202210025026),National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFC2500201), and Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program by BAST (BYESS2023385).

Association of physical activity and vitamin D deficiency with cognitive impairment in older adults: a population based cross-sectional analysis.

The global aging situation is becoming increasingly critical and cognitive impairment in the elderly has become a public health burden of concern. Physical activity (PA) and vitamin D may play a key role in improving cognitive impairment. However, little studies have examined the interaction between these two. The purpose of this study was to assess the association of PA and vitamin D with cognitive impairment in older adults, as well as the interactions of PA and vitamin D. This study was conducted by multi-stage random sampling of elderly people ≥60 years old, and a total sample of 2,492 (1,207 male and 1,285 female, mean age of 69.41 ± 6.75 years) with complete data was included in the analysis. PA was assessed by the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire, and < 600 MET-min/week was used as the division criteria. Serum vitamin D was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D2/D3 concentration < 20 ng/mL was used as a vitamin D deficiency criterion. Cognitive function was assessed by three subtests: the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's disease word learning test (CERAD-WL) for immediate and delayed learning, the Animal Fluency Test (AFT) for verbal fluency; and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) for information processing speed and switching attention. All three subtests were scored at less than the lowest quartile of the score as a criterion for cognitive impairment. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS for chi-square test, rank sum test, interaction analysis, subgroup analysis, and regression analysis. Lower level of PA is associated with higher odds of cognitive impairment (CERAD W-L: OR = 1.596, 95% CI: 1.338-1.905, p < 0.001; AFT: OR = 1.833, 95% CI: 1.534-2.190, p < 0.001; DSST: OR = 1.936, 95% CI: 1.609-2.329, p < 0.001). Vitamin D deficiency has significant effects in AFT (OR = 1.322, 95% CI: 1.103-1.584, p = 0.003) and DSST (OR = 1.619, 95% CI: 1.345-1.948, p < 0.001). After adjusted for covariates, PA and vitamin D have multiplicative interaction on AFT (OR = 0.662, 95% CI: 0.448-0.977, p = 0.038) and DSST (OR = 0.775, 95% CI: 0.363-0.868, p = 0.009). The interaction between PA and vitamin D was not significant in the CERAD W-L (OR = 0.757, 95% CI: 0.508-1.128, p = 0.172). The results showed that lower level of PA and vitamin D deficiency were associated with higher odds of cognitive impairment in the elderly population and that there was a multiplicative interaction between PA and vitamin D on cognitive function, with a significant effect of vitamin D on cognitive impairment in high PA conditions.

Healthy Habits, Physical Activity, Stress, and Food Consumption Trends in Chilean Adults with Irritable Bowel Syndrome during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has increased stress levels in the population due to radical lifestyle changes caused by containment measures. Studies suggest that high levels of stress may be related to the development of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). This study aims to explain how quarantine habits and lifestyles acted as risk factors for the frequency of this syndrome during the COVID-19 pandemic. An observational study was conducted with 34 Chilean participants (average age 24.5 ± 3.85 years), of whom 21 (62%) were female. Surveys on consumption trends and lifestyles created by the authors were administered. Additionally, we used the global physical activity questionnaire (GPAQ) and the depression anxiety stress scales (DASS-21) to assess psychological stress and the Rome IV criteria to assess IBS. Significant differences were found between individuals with better healthy habits compared to those with poor healthy habits. The former showed lower sedentary activity (32%, p = 0.005), only 27% were fast eaters (vs. 44%, p = 0.001), had shorter nap intervals (14% vs. 28%, p = 0.03), and higher vegetable consumption (p = 0.02). There were 20 cases (59%) of IBS, with a strong association with the female sex (p = 0.004), where females were 15 times more likely to develop it compared to males (p = 0.008). Additionally, when alcohol consumption was added to females, there was a higher likelihood of developing this syndrome (p = 0.009), as individuals who consumed alcohol were 12 times more likely to develop it compared to those who did not (p = 0.02). Among other factors, it was observed that 57% of those with the syndrome consumed drinks more often (p = 0.02) but consumed fewer nuts (p = 0.009). In conclusion, IBS has a multifactorial etiology, and correcting individual habits such as alcohol consumption could potentially prevent or delay its development. Therefore, it is important to maintain healthy lifestyles, regardless of non-modifiable factors such as gender, in order to better cope with this syndrome.

Effectiveness of implementing evidence-based approaches to promote physical activity in a Midwestern micropolitan area using a quasi-experimental hybrid type I study design.

Much evidence-based physical activity (PA) interventions have been tested and implemented in urban contexts. However, studies that adapt, implement, and evaluate the effectiveness of these interventions in micropolitan rural contexts are needed. The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Active Ottumwa intervention to promote PA in a micropolitan community. Between 2013 - 2019, we implemented Active Ottumwa in a micropolitan setting, and subsequently implemented and evaluated its effectiveness using a Hybrid Type I design. In this paper, we describe the intervention's effectiveness in promoting PA. We collected PA data over 24months from a cohort of community residents using accelerometers and PA data from two cross-sectional community surveys administered in 2013 and 2018, using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. From the cohort, we found significant change in PA over 24months (P = 0.03) corresponding to a 45-min daily decrease in sedentary activity, a daily increase of 35-min in light PA and 9min in moderate-to-vigorous PA. There was a statistically significant (P = 0.01) increasing trend at the population-level in the moderate-to-vigorous composition of 7min between the two cross-sectional assessments (95% CI: 0.1%-1.34%). The study demonstrates that the adapted evidence-based PA interventions in a micropolitan context is effective.

Paternal peri-conceptional physical activity and the risk of congenital heart disease in offspring: A case-control study.

Genetic and environmental factors have been shown to contribute to the development of congenital heart disease (CHD). To date, the focus of scientific articles has primarily centered on genetics and maternal environmental factors, with comparatively less attention given to paternal risk factors. This study aims to investigate the potential association between paternal pre-conceptional physical activity levels (PA), along with paternal peri-conceptional smoking and alcohol consumption, and the risk of CHD in offspring. An observational case-control study was conducted in Lebanon, with 279 participants, aiming to investigate potential risk factors for CHD. We included children with confirmed CHD, born between 2012 and 2022. Controls born in the same timeframe were selected randomly from the general population using online questionnaire forms. Mean age of children included was 6 years old (0-10). The pre-conceptional PA was assessed using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire validated in Arabic. In addition, paternal smoking, alcohol consumption, and maternal risk factors were collected. The study included 128 CHD cases (45.9%) and their parents, as well as 151 healthy infants (54.1%) and their parents. There were no statistically significant variations in the alcohol consumption noted between the fathers in the case and control groups (p=0.18). The paternal involvement in recreational-related PA during the peri-conception period was associated with a reduced risk of the CHD development in offspring by 46.9% (OR=0.531, 95% CI: 0.301-0.936, p=0.029). Additionally, increasing paternal total sitting time by 1 h above the average, which was approximately 260 min (4h), increased the risk of CHD in offspring by 0.4% (p=0.001). Moreover, paternal smoking exhibited an apparent association with a 56% increased risk of offspring developing CHD, notwithstanding that the confidence intervals included the null (OR=1.56, 95% CI: 0.86-2.8, p=0.136). This observational study is the first to report a potential association between paternal PA, and CHD in offspring. This study aligns with previous reports, advocating for the paternal engagement in PA and the adoption of healthy lifestyle habits, especially during the critical stages of conception. Such practices are strongly recommended to enhance fertility and promote optimal health for offspring. However, due to the subjectivity in reporting PA and lack of molecular proof, additional prospective and molecular studies are required to validate these findings.

The role of dietary intake of live microbes in the association between leisure-time physical activity and depressive symptoms: a population-based study.

Current research has shown promising associations between factors such as diet, total physical activity, and mental health outcomes, acknowledging the intricate interplay between these variables. However, the role of dietary intake of live microbes, coupled with leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), in their relationship to depressive symptoms necessitates further exploration. The present study examined a cohort of 25 747 individuals who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between the years 2007 and 2018. Patient's Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was employed, whereby individuals scoring≥10 were classified as exhibiting symptoms of depression. LTPA status was reported by the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire and calculated by metabolic equivalent-minutes/week. Foods consumed by participants were evaluated by live microbes per gram, which were categorized into three groups: low, medium, and high. After controlling for all covariates, findings indicated that LTPA was negatively associated with depressive symptoms (OR (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.983 (0.976, 0.990), p<0.001). Participating in more LTPA was positively correlated with consuming all three levels of dietary live microbes (low, β (95% CI): 0.086 (0.063, 0.109); medium, β (95% CI): 0.009 (0.007, 0.012); high, β (95% CI): 0.002 (0.001, 0.002)). Moreover, taking more foods with medium live microbes was associated with lower depressive likelihood (OR (95% CI): 0.931(0.882, 0.982), p=0.010). Intake of medium and high levels of live microbes mediated the association between LTPA and depressive symptoms by 4.15% and 0.83%, respectively. Dietary intake of foods containing medium and high levels of live microbes may be a mediator of LTPA's negative association with depressive symptoms.

Association of Occupational and Leisure-Time Physical Activity With Allostatic Load

IntroductionLeisure-time physical activity (LTPA) decreases allostatic load (AL), a measure of burden of chronic stress. However, the role of occupational PA (OPA) is unknown. This study examined associations of OPA and LTPA with AL among workers in the United States (US). MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 6944 US workers aged 20–64 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007–2018). PA was assessed using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. AL was calculated using biomarkers of cardiovascular health, metabolic function and immune response. Associations of OPA and LTPA were examined with AL using negative binomial regressions. Analyses were conducted between August 2022 and March 2023. ResultsVigorous LTPA inversely associated with AL among all workers (count ratio = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.62–0.76) and in each sex- and age- stratified group (i.e., females aged 20–44 years, females aged 45–64 years, males aged 20–44 years, and males aged 45–64 years), as well as in each race/ethnicity- stratified group (i.e., Whites, Blacks, Hispanics). Vigorous OPA positively associated with AL only among females aged 20–44 years [1.38 (1.10–1.73)]. Inverse associations of vigorous LTPA with AL were similar in young females with high [0.61 (0.50–0.75)] or low [0.66 (0.60–0.74)] vigorous OPA. ConclusionsIncreasing vigorous LTPA is associated with a lower AL for all workers, while increasing vigorous OPA is associated with a higher AL only in young females. Promoting vigorous LTPA reduces AL among young females with either low or high vigorous OPA.