Global Physical Activity Questionnaire Research Articles

Sarcopenia risk in U.S. younger adults: the impact of physical activity intensity and occupational engagement-insights from a cross-sectional NHANES study.

This study aimed to investigate the associations between physical activity (PA) intensity, occupational PA engagement, and sarcopenia in younger adults. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (from 2011 to 2018) were used for the study. PA data were extracted for the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire, and the ratio of limb muscle mass (ALM) to body mass index (BMI) was used to determine sarcopenia. Multiple logistic regression was performed, and dose-response curves were drawn to evaluate the associations. Of the 8802 adults aged 20 to 59 years, 770 (8.7%) were identified as having sarcopenia. Compared to those in the reference group, the participants in the "low", "moderate", and "high" total METs groups had lower risks of sarcopenia (low: OR = 0.730, 95% CI = 0.583; 0.915; moderate: OR = 0.643, 95% CI = 0.485; 0.853; high: OR = 0.560, 95% CI = 0.457; 0.687). The risk of sarcopenia decreased in the high-intensity recreational PA group; however, such a significant association was observed only in the high-intensity occupational PA group. The relationship between total METs and sarcopenia showed a nonlinear U-shaped trend. A greater intensity of PA is associated with a lower risk of sarcopenia among younger adults, regardless of whether moderate or vigorous PA is performed. Moreover, recreational PA may particularly advantageously contrast with occupational PA in lowering the risk of sarcopenia.

Association of cognitive performance with overall, dosage, intensity, and domain physical activity in aging: NHANES 2011–2014

BackgroundThe specific relationship between PA in detailed types and cognition is still unclear due to limited evidence. Our study aimed to investigate the relationship between cognitive performance and various aspects of physical activity, including overall activity, dosage, intensity levels [moderate physical activity (MPA), vigorous PA], and different domains of activity [occupational PA (OPA), transportation PA (TPA), and leisure-time PA (LTPA)] in older adults using data from the NHANES database.MethodsThis cross-sectional analysis used data from 2 cycles of NHANES (2011–2014). PA was determined through participants' self-reports using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). Cognitive performance was evaluated by the presence of psychometric mild cognitive impairment (p-MCI), identified based on a composite measure derived from three cognitive tests including the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD), the Animal Fluency test, and the Digit Symbol Substitution test (DSST). Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association.ResultsA total of 2588 participants aged 60 years or older were included, with an average age of 69.4 years and 48% being male. In the fully adjusted model, compared to no PA, performing 300 min of PA, and MPA were associated with 44%, and 33% reductions in the prevalence of p-MCI, respectively. Additionally, engaging in 1–149 min/week [OR 0.56, 95% CI (0.33–0.92)] and ≥ 300 min/week [OR 0.66, 95% CI (0.44–0.96)] of OPA, as well as ≥ 300 min/week [OR 0.56, 95% CI (0.36–0.86)] of LTPA, were also associated with a lower prevalence of p-MCI. Additionally, engaging in a diverse range of PA had better outcomes.ConclusionsOur results suggested a positive association between higher levels of PA and enhanced cognitive performance. Different intensities and domains of PA have varying impacts on cognition. Future exploration, such as objectively measured PA and longitudinal studies were needed to validate our conclusion.

Built environmental characteristics, physical activity in neighbourhoods of Accra, Ghana

Abstract There is increasing evidence that characteristics of the built environment can influence residents’ lifestyles, physical activity thereby influencing the development of obesity and non-communicable diseases even in low- and middle-income countries. The aim of this study is to describe the characteristics of the built and the social environment of neighbourhoods of Accra, Ghana, and to explore association between neighbourhood characteristics and the physical activity of the residents. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Accra, 12 neighbourhoods were randomly selected based on high and low values of residential density and socioeconomic status. Sociodemographic, household and neighbourhood information were collected with an adapted questionnaire of NEWS (Neighbourhood Environment Walkability Scale) for Africa. Physical activity was assessed by WHO Global Physical Activity Questionnaire and social cohesion by the Perceived Neighbourhood Social Cohesion Questionnaire. Differences between variables by neighbourhood types were analysed using Chi square test and Kruskal Wallis test. Generalized linear model was performed to determine the association between neighbourhood characteristics and residents’ physical activity. The built environmental characteristics of different neighbourhood types and the physical activity of the residents showed significant differences. The associations indicated that individuals living in high residential density neighbourhoods had increased levels of engaging in physical activities. Land use mix, street connectivity, safety, aesthetics and social cohesion of neighbourhoods showed correlation with physical activity of residents. The built environment and social characteristics of neighbourhoods can influence the lifestyle and physical activity of residents in Accra, Ghana. Key messages • High residential density neighbourhoods correlated with higher level of physical activity. • Land use, street connectivity, safety and aesthetic of neighbourhoods and social cohesion showed correlation with physical activity.

The Relationship Between Snacking and Sugar, Salt, Fat Intake on Nutritional Status of Adolescents of SMKN 30 Jakarta

Excessive consumption of sugar, salt, and fat including from snacks can increase the risk of obesity or being overweight. The objective of this study to analyze the relationship between snacking and sugar, salt, and fat intake on nutritional status in adolescents. This design is cross-sectional with a sample of 90 grade X students at SMKN 30 Jakarta. The data collected include physical activity data using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ), snacking habit data, frequency of sugar, salt, and fat consumption using the SQ-FFQ. The results of the correlation test showed that there was a significant relationship between snacking habits and sugar intake (p<0.01; r=0.473), snacking habits with salt intake (p<0.01; r=0.606), snacking habits with fat intake (p<0.01; r=0.473), snacking habits with nutritional status (BMI-for-age) (p<0.01; r=0.567), physical activity with nutritional status (BMI-for-age) (p<0.01; r=0.455). The conclusion of this study is that there is a significant relationship between snacking habits and sugar intake, snacking habits and salt intake, snacking habits and fat intake, snacking habits and nutritional status (BMI-for-age), and physical activity and nutritional status (BMI-for-age).

Physical Inactivity and its Sociodemographic Determinants among Adults: A Community-Based Study

Introduction: Physical inactivity (PI) is the fourth leading risk factor for global mortality and is potentially modifiable. Understanding its sociodemographic correlates can contribute in planning preventive measures to reduce the same. Aims and Objectives: 1) To estimate the prevalence of PI among adults aged 20–60 years and 2) to identify the sociodemographic determinants of PI among adults. Material and Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was done in district Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh. 304 adults aged 20–60 years, giving informed consent were selected by simple random sampling. Pregnant women and those with febrile disease and physical defect were excluded. Predesigned structured proforma and Global Physical Activity Questionnaire were used. Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were applied using IBM SPSS 23.0. Results: Prevalence of PI was 47.7% (95% CI: 42.0–52.6). It was significantly higher in urban (55.3% vs 41.1%) than in rural area and among females than in males (68.7% vs 34.9%). PI during work was 74.3%, during travel 78.9%, and during recreation 88.5%. Being female increased odds of PI by almost ten times (adjusted odds atio (AOR) =9.7, 95% CI: 1.6–58.5). Unskilled workers/laborers and farmers (those involved in active occupational work) were found to have lesser odds of PI (AOR = 0.2, 95% CI: 0.1–0.5 and AOR = 0.2, 95% CI: 0.01–0.6, respectively). Conclusion: PI is highly prevalent among adults. Targeted interventions to increase physical activity in recreational domain are recommended, specially in urban areas and among women. Further studies to explore barriers to physical activity are needed to address this problem.

Correlation Between Level of Physical Activity Using GPAQ and Exercise Capacity Using 6 Min Walk Test in Non-Insulin Dependent Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Background: This study was designed to find the Correlation Between the Level of Physical Activity and Exercise Capacity in Non-Insulin Dependent Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Purpose: To find the Correlation between the Level of Physical Activity and Exercise Capacity in Non-Insulin Dependent Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Materials and Methods: Materials required for this study were Countdown timer (or stopwatch), Two small cones, Chair, Worksheet on a clipboard, Sphygmomanometer. It was a correlational study design. The sampling method used was Convenient type of sampling. Sixty subjects with non-insulin dependent type 2 were included in this study. The written informed consent was taken. Informed consent document was signed, retained by the principal investigator and a copy was given to the participant. Global Physical Activity Questionnaire and 6 Minutes walk test was used to study the Physical Activity and Exercise Capacity respectively. All the data obtained was statistically analysed using proper tests. Results: The results showed positive significant (p value < 0.0001) correlation between the level of physical activity and exercise capacity, Physical activity level correlates statistically with distance walked in percentage. Conclusion: Our study concluded that Physical activity level correlate statistically with distance walked in type 2 diabetic patients.

Physical Activity and Cognitive Function Among Older Adults, United States

ABSTRACT Introduction Physical activity (PA) is a modifiable risk factor associated with cognitive health. However, the existing literature regarding the relationship between PA and cognitive functions among individuals ≥ 60 years remains inconclusive. Method We used data from the 2011–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for this study. The Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) was used to assess PA. Cognitive function was assessed using the Animal Fluency Test Score. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine the association adjusting for potential confounders. Results A total of 2947 participants were included in the analyses. Among the participants, 32% were physically active, males (53%), and non-Hispanic White individuals (80%). Physically active participants had decreased odds of Alzheimer’s disease (AOR 0.63, 95% CI: 0.45–0.89). In the gender- and race-specific strata, PA was associated with reduced odds of Alzheimer’s among females (AOR 0.54, CI: 0.34–0.86) and non-Hispanic White individuals (AOR 0.54, CI: 0.30–0.97). Conclusion Age, gender, and race modify the association between PA and cognitive function. Further research is needed to study the different forms of PA and their association with cognitive function.

HUBUNGAN ASUPAN MAKAN, DURASI TIDUR DAN AKTIVITAS FISIK DENGAN STATUS GIZI KARYAWAN TOKO RITEL KOTA BATAM TAHUN 2023

Background: Nutritional status remains a global issue, including in Indonesia. Nutritional status is influenced by several factors, namely food intake, sleep duration, and unbalanced physical activity, which can lead to either excessive or insufficient nutritional status. This study aims to investigate the relationship between dietary intake, sleep duration, and physical activity with the nutritional status of retail store employees in Batam City in 2023. Methods: This research is a cross-sectional analytical study with accidental sampling technique involving 60 samples. Food intake is measured using a semi-qualitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), sleep duration is measured using a questionnaire on average weekly sleep duration, physical activity is measured using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ), and nutritional status is measured using the Body Mass Index (BMI) by measuring weight and height. Data analysis using correlation gamma test. Results: The correlation gamma test results indicate a significant relationship between food intake and nutritional status with a p-value of 0.000 (p ≤ 0.05)(r=0,919). However, the relationship between sleep duration and nutritional status resulted in a p-value of 0.137 (p > 0.05)(r = -0,284), and the relationship between physical activity and nutritional status resulted in a p-value of 0.758 (p>0.05)(r = -0,067). Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between food intake and the nutritional status of retail store employees in Batam City in 2023. However, there is no significant relationship between sleep duration, physical activity, and the nutritional status of retail store employees in Batam City in 2023. Keywords: Nutritional Status, Food Intake, Sleep Duration, Physical Activity

Combined influence of physical activity and C-reactive protein to albumin ratio on mortality among older cancer survivors in the United States: a prospective cohort study

BackgroundAlthough a high C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio (CAR) is believed to increase mortality risk, the association between the physical activity (PA), CAR, and mortality among cancer survivors has not been investigated. This study aimed to examine this association among cancer survivors in the United States.MethodsThis cohort study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999 to 2010. PA was self-reported using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire, and C-reactive protein and albumin levels were obtained from laboratory data files. Mortality data were obtained by linkage of the cohort database to the National Death Index as of December 31, 2019. The analysis was conducted from November 1 to December 31, 2023. We used Cox proportional hazards multivariable regression to assess hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence interval (CIs) for total and cancer-specific mortality risks attributable to PA and CAR.ResultsAmong 2,232 cancer survivors, 325 (14.6%) reported no PA with a high CAR. During a follow-up of up to 20.75 years (median, 12.3 years; 27,453 person-years), 1,174 deaths occurred (cancer, 335; other, 839). A high CAR was observed to be consistently associated with the highest risks of total (HR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.37–1.85) and cancer-specific (HR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.55–2.73) mortality compared with a low CAR in a series of adjusted models. Multivariable models showed that PA was associated with a lower risk of all-cause (HR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.52–0.69) and cancer-specific (HR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.49–0.84) mortality compared with no PA. In the joint analyses, survivors with PA ≥ 600 metabolic equivalent min/wk and a low CAR were more likely to reduce the risk of total (HR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.32–0.51) and cancer-specific (HR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.20–0.50) mortality by 59% and 68% compared with those with no PA and a high CAR.ConclusionThe pairing of adequate PA and a low CAR was significantly associated with reduced all-cause and cancer-related mortality risks.

Healthy lifestyle and HPV infection risk: results from a cross-sectional study.

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection constitutes a significant global public health challenge despite the widespread implementation of vaccination programs, with infection rates persistently high. Recent studies suggest that lifestyle factors including diet quality (DQ) and physical activity (PA) could play a pivotal role in the mitigation of HPV infections. This investigation explored the influence of DQ, PA, and a healthy lifestyle on the incidence of HPV infection in adult women. Data from 5,308 women aged 20-59 from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2016. DQ and PA were measured using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2015) and the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ), respectively, creating four lifestyle groups based on how well they matched dietary and activity guidelines. The associations between key factors and HPV infection were explored using multivariate logistic regression, trend tests, and interaction tests. Fully adjusted multivariable logistic regression models revealed an inverse association between the risk of HPV infection and higher levels of PA (OR = 0.914; 95% CI: 0.854-0.979) as well as DQ (OR = 0.993; 95% CI: 0.989-0.998). Individuals in the highest tertile of DQ displayed a reduced risk of HPV infection relative to those in the lowest tertile (OR = 0.846; 95% CI: 0.726-0.986). Belonging to the third quintile of PA was linked to a lower risk of HPV infection than the lowest quintile (OR = 0.823; 95% CI: 0.681-0.995). Subgroups adhering to a healthy DQ were linked to a lower risk of HPV infection irrespective of PA meeting guideline recommendations. Our findings underscore the importance of a healthy diet in conjunction with appropriate PA in preventing HPV infection, offering new insights for public health policies and interventions.

Effectiveness of an exercise therapy program based on sports in adults with acquired brain injury: a randomized controlled trial

To examine the effects of a sport-based exercise therapy program combined with usual care (sET+UC) compared with usual care alone (UC) on health-related quality of life, upper limb motor control, functional capacity, mobility, balance, and physical activity participation in ambulant adults with acquired brain injury (ABI). Single-blind, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial. Rehabilitation center. Twenty-three adults with ABI (82.6% stroke; 17 males; mean age of 59.6±10.3 yr) INTERVENTION: Participants received either sET+UC (n=11) or UC (n=12). The sET+UC group received sixteen 60-minute sessions of a sport-based ET program in addition to sixteen 60-minute sessions of usual care, whereas the UC group attended usual care only. Primary outcome measures were health-related quality of life (Short Form-36, SF-36) and upper limb motor control (Fugl Meyer-Upper Extremity; FM-UE), while the secondary included functional capacity (6-Minute Walk Test, 10-Meter Walk Test), mobility (Timed Up and Go Test), balance (Berg Balance Scale) and physical activity participation (Global Physical Activity Questionnaire). Significant differences were found in all outcome analyses at post-intervention when comparing between groups. The sET+UC group showed significant improvements in both the physical (p=.027, r=.46) and mental component summary (p=.001, r=.71) of the SF-36 as well as FM-UE (p=.004, r=.60), with large effect sizes. In turn, all secondary outcomes were also significantly improved in this group (all p<.05 r>.05). In contrast, the UC group showed slight improvements in post-intervention scores but did not reach significance in any of these measures. This study shows that a sport-based exercise therapy program combined with usual care can effectively improve all the aforementioned outcomes measures in ABI population. Further research with larger sample sizes and follow-up assessments is crucial to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the long-term effects of the intervention in this specific population.

Role of physical activity for glycemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background: Lifestyle modification and physical activity are very important parts of diabetes management. Regular physical activity has been shown to improve glycemic control through increased insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. The aims of this study were to assess the glycemic level and pattern of physical activity among type 2 diabetic patients. Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out from July 2022 to October 2022 among 305 purposively recruited diabetic patients who came to receive care at the outpatient department of a teaching hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to describe socio-demographic information. Physical activity was assessed using the validated version of international physical activity questionnaire short form/ global physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ/GPAQ). Glycemic control was measured by HbA1C report done within 120 days of the interview. Blood pressure and body mass index were also measured at the time of inclusion. The physical activity level was categorized according to IPAQ scoring protocol as high level, moderate level and low level. Chi square test was carried out to determine the association of physical activity with type-2 DM, body mass index, glycemic and blood pressure control. Statistical significance was defined as p&lt;0.05. Results: Among the participants only 0.3% had high level of physical activity. Moderate level of physical activity was found among 32.8% and low level of physical activity has been found among 66.9%. Among the participants 92.1% spent their time sitting during the weekdays while the time spent at home, at work, while doing course or class and during leisure activities. Among them 21% had the maximum 10 hours sitting time during the last week. The study showed that the persons who spent walking on at least 7 days has negative correlation with blood glycemic level and among them who spent time on sitting has positive correlation with blood glycemic level. Nearly two thirds of the respondents were female. The mean age was 53.09 ± 12.15 years. Majority of the participants were from urban area (69.83%) and the rest are from rural (21.31%) and sub urban (8.2%) area. There was no significant relation of level physical activity with any sociodemographic factors except monthly income, which showed low monthly income was associated with higher level of physical activity. Conclusion: The findings of our study focus on developing more awareness and providing facilities for physical activity to achieve the glycemic goal. BIRDEM Med J 2024; 14(3): 143-150

Comparison of a guided assessment and an app-based assessment of physical activity using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ)

Introduction &amp; Purpose The Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ; Armstrong &amp; Bull, 2006) is commonly used to assess frequency, duration and intensity of physical activity (PA) in three domains: work, travel and recreation. It is frequently used as a self-administered questionnaire; however, the execution was originally designed for an interviewer. With the continuous development of app-based technology, the evaluation of PA online-assessment is relevant (Mosa et al., 2012). The objective of the study was to compare an online self-administered version of the GPAQ with the original version administered by an interviewer. Methods The physical activity behaviour of 533 participants (70% female, average age 44, ± 13.9) from the LIFE-Tirol Study (Lasting Health through Intermittent Fasting, Emotional Firmness and Exercise) was assessed by an interviewer using the GPAQ. The interviewer used generic show cards for explaining different levels of exercise intensities as recommended in the analysis guidelines (Armstrong &amp; Bull, 2006). After two months, participants were asked to fill in the GPAQ via online app without show cards. Participant were advised not to change their usual physical activity levels during the two months. The movement domains and intensities of the two versions were compared with Jamovi v2.3 using a series of Wilcoxon W-tests and a series of 2 × 2 mixed ANOVAs to analyse gender- and age-specific aspects. Results Total metabolic equivalent task (MET) minutes were significantly different between interview and self-assessed online version (1,971 ± 2,590 vs. 4,143 ± 4,370 MET minutes; p &lt; .001, d = 0.670). Significantly more MET minutes were reported in the online version compared to the interview version across all three PA-domains and both vigorous and moderate intensities (F(1, 552) = 167, p &lt; .001, ƞ² = .232). This difference was not influenced by gender. 18–34-year-old participants reported significantly less MET minutes during recreational PA than participants older than 55 years in both versions (F(1, 551) = 113, p &lt; .001, ƞ²= .170). No further gender/age × assessment interaction effects were found. Male participants tend to report higher intensity minutes more likely than females in both assessment versions (F(1, 551) = 4.43, p = 0.360, ƞ²= .008). Discussion The amount of PA as well as its intensities seem to differ between the self-assessed online version compared to the interview assessment of the GPAQ, although the interview was conducted as the first measurement and PA as well as intensities were explained in detail to participants using generic show cards. It was previously reported that show cards have no significant impact on the results of the self-administered version of the GPAQ (Rudolf et al., 2020). Therefore, the authors suggest that the main differences between both assessments were caused by the presence of the interviewer independent of age or gender. Conclusion Regardless of the use of show cards and detailed explanations of PA, the main difference between guided and self-administered PA-assessments may result from the presence or absence of an interviewer. Therefore, it is important to interpret self-administered app-based GPAQ evaluations with caution. Future studies should validate app-based GPAQ data by using objective PA measurements, such as accelerometers.

Lifestyle intervention in workers with obesity and sedentary behavior: A pilot study for the “OTTiMo LavorO” project

BACKGROUND: Workplace barriers to physical activity (PA) and sedentary work contribute to obesity. Workplace lifestyle interventions are needed to reduce sedentary behavior. OBJECTIVE: The study evaluates the effects of a self-monitoring PA protocol plus diet on general health of workers with obesity. METHODS: Thirty-nine workers affected by obesity were enrolled in this pilot intervention study. Monthly and daily PA diary, six-minute walking test (6MWT), Short Form-36 health survey (SF-36), and Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) results were evaluated prior (T0) and at the end of the study (T1). A personalized low-calorie diet based on the Mediterranean diet model was also implemented. Participants followed the protocol from one to three months depending on the date of recruitment. RESULTS: Significant improvements in SF36 and GPAQ scores were recorded, along with reductions in sedentary activity, weight, and BMI (p &lt; 0.001). 6MWT significantly increased from 462.5 [412.5–500] m at T0 to 500 [462.5–550] m at T1 (p &lt; 0.001). A multiple linear regression analysis to investigate the impact of selected covariates (PA, body weight reduction, and sedentary time) on the 6MWT was significant in men. CONCLUSIONS: PA self-monitoring protocols and diets are effective and sustainable for workplace interventions. PA should be part of daily medical practice and occupational physicians should encourage behavioral changes in workers.

The Igbo version of the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ)- A cross-cultural adaptation study

BackgroundPhysical activity (PA) plays a critical role in preventing non-communicable diseases, and maintaining the overall health and well-being of adults. PA surveillance has become a global concern leading to the development of numerous surveys for its measurement. Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) merges the advantages of both the short and long versions of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) by incorporating various domains (work, transport, and leisure time), while still maintaining a significantly shorter length. This study aimed to cross-culturally adapt the original English version of GPAQ to the Igbo culture and environment.MethodsThe original version of GPAQ (GPAQ) was translated, synthesized, back-translated, and subjected to expert panel review before producing the final Igbo version of the GPAQ (GPAQ-I). The GPAQ and GPAQ-I were administered to 155 community-dwelling adults (36.1% males and 63.9% females) living in Nnewi who were recruited consecutively. The data obtained was analyzed using frequency counts, percentages, mean, standard deviations, Spearman rank order test, and Mann-Whitney U test with p-value set at 0.05.ResultsThere was no significant difference in the scores on the English and Igbo versions of the GPAQ (p < 0.001). The correlations between the corresponding domains and total scores on both versions of the GPAQ (rho = 1.0)showed excellent concurrent agreement.ConclusionThe successfully adapted GPAQ-I demonstrated a strong agreement with the original English version. Further psychometric testing is required to fully establish its internal consistency, reliability, and validity.

The Dominant Factors Associated with Quality of Life in Hypertension Patients in the Elderly

Elderly people with hypertension will have reduced social and psychological functioning, which will lower their quality of life. The purpose of this study was to identify the primary factor influencing the elderly with hypertension's quality of life. This study used a cross-sectional, correlative analytical methodology. The elderly with hypertension who did not have any complications made up the study population. A 80-person simple random sample was employed in this study. A scale and meter for assessing obesity, a family history questionnaire, and a gender and education questionnaire for physical activity using the GPAQ (Global Physical Activity Questionnaire) were the instruments utilized in this investigation. WHQOL-BREF was used for quality of life, and DASS (Depression Anxiety Scale) 42 was utilized for stress. In this study, the data were analyzed using logistic regression, rank spearmen, univariate, bivariate, and chi-square statistical tests. The variables of gender, illness, physical activity, stress, and family history were found to have an association with the hypertension patients' quality of life. Education level is one of the variables unrelated to the quality of life of older adults with hypertension. The attributes of physical activity, family history, and obesity status have the greatest effects on the quality of life for older adults with hypertension. The study's conclusions recommend increasing physical activity and reducing stress for obesity prevention. It will be the means by which hypertensive patients can live better lives.

Independent and joint role of inflammatory diet and physical activity with cognitive function in aging: Evidence from a population-based survey

ObjectiveThis study aims to explore the independent and joint association of physical activity (PA) and inflammatory diet with cognitive function in aging. MethodData from the 2011–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) was used. 2249 NHANES participants with valid data represented a weighted population of 50.5 million American residents aged 60 and older. This study separately analyzed the independent associations of PA (measured by global physical activity questionnaire) and inflammatory diet (measured by energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index from 24-h dietary recall), and their joints (inactive & pro-inflammatory as reference) with cognitive function (assessed by three cognitive tests), and considered an individual of different status and non-linear effect by sub-group and restricted cubic splines (RCS) analysis, respectively. All analysis was multivariable-adjusted and sample-weighted. ResultsThe results showed that inflammatory diet was independently associated with lower cognitive function, with a 1.08, 1.29, 2.67, 0.56 lower score in the Registry for Alzheimer's Disease word list learning test (CERAD), the Animal Fluency Test (AFT), the Digit Symbol Substitution test (DSST), Z-scores, and 51 %, 62 %, 63 %, 93 % higher odds ratio (OR) of lower performance in CERAD, AFT, DSST, and p-MCI, respectively. PA was independently associated with higher cognitive function, with a 1.41, 3.37, and 0.52 higher score in AFT, DSST, Z-scores, and 28 %, 51 %, 41 % lower ORs of lower performance in CERAD and DSST and p-MCI, respectively. Active & Anti-inflammatory was always positively associated with cognitive function, with a 1.42, 2.69, 5.47, and 1.04 higher score for CERAD, AFT, DSST, and Z-score, a 58 %, 56 %, 74 %, 76 % lower ORs of lower performance in CERAT, AFT, DSST, and p-MCI, respectively, which elicited the maximum compared to other joints. ConclusionAdhering to both active PA and anti-inflammatory diet is recommended for cognitive management in older adults. Sticking to either active PA or anti-inflammatory diet also shows potential cognitive benefits, with the diet possibly playing more vital role.

Association of Physical Activity Levels with Coronary Artery Disease Risk Factors in Middle aged (40-55) Bangladeshi Women

Background: A sedentary lifestyle is associated with increased risk of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) in women. At least 150min/wk of moderate activity or 75min/wk of vigorous activity or combination is recommended by American Heart Association (AHA) for primary prevention of CAD. The purpose of this study was to assess the physical activity levels of middle aged women and to find out the association of CAD risk factors with physical activity level. Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH) cardiology OPD from May 2019 to April 2020. We interviewed 249 middle aged women (40-55) who attended our OPD during the study period and fulfilled the exclusion and inclusion criteria. Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) was used to assess physical activity level. Blood pressure and BMI was measured. OGTT and fasting lipid profile was done. Subjects with low physical activity was assigned in Group I (n=152), moderate activity in group II (n= 93) and high activity in group III (n= 4). Association between the physical activity levels and presence of CAD risk factors like DM, HTN, dyslipidemia and obesity was evaluated. Results: In this study we found that most of the study subjects (61.0%) were in low active group. Overall 70.2% women were menopausal and premature menopause (≤50 years) was found in 47.8% of subjects. Mean age of menopause was 47±3.8; (44-53) years and mean duration of menopause was 3.1±0.5 years. Overall prevalence of DM, HTN, obesity and dyslipidemia was 62.2%, 50.6%, 39.8% and 53.4% accordingly. Women in low active group were having significant higher proportion of DM (52.6%), HTN (65.8%), obesity (57.9%) and dyslipidemia (75.7%) in comparison to moderate active group. Only 4 women were in highly active group and none of the CAD risk factors was present among them. Bangladesh Heart Journal 2024; 39(2): 127-137

Relationship of Sedentary Lifestyle With Hypertension Incidence in Productive Ages (20-59 Years) Among Educators and Educational Staff in Jember, Indonesia

Hypertension remained a major global health issue that had not been fully addressed, causing 10.8 million deaths and serving as the leading risk factor for mortality worldwide. A sedentary lifestyle was a significant contributor to hypertension among the productive age group. It had been shown that a sedentary lifestyle decreased Nitric Oxide (NO) levels, cardiac output, and systemic blood flow, which altered blood vessel diameter, reduced insulin sensitivity, and impaired vascular function. These factors negatively impacted cardiovascular health, including the development of hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension among university educators was higher compared to other educational institutions, primarily due to lower physical activity levels and greater career pressures. Therefore, the objective of this research was to analyze the relationship between a sedentary lifestyle and the incidence of hypertension in productive ages among educators and educational staff in Jember. This research was a quantitative analytic study with a cross-sectional approach. The population of the study consisted of 2,531 educators and educational staff in Jember. A sample of 106 respondents was selected through simple random sampling. Data collection was conducted through interviews and the use of a Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). Both bivariate and multivariate analyses employed binary logistic regression. The results of the bivariate analysis showed significant associations between hypertension and characteristics such as age, family history of hypertension, smoking, Body Mass Index (BMI), and sedentary lifestyle (p-value &lt; 0.05). However, gender was not significantly associated with hypertension (p-value &gt; 0.05). The multivariate analysis confirmed that a sedentary lifestyle was the most dominant determinant of hypertension.

A Dietary Supplement in the Management of Patients with Lumbar Osteochondrosis: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Study.

Various nutritional supplements are available over the counter, yet few have been investigated in randomized controlled trials. The rationale for using the specific mix of nutritional substances including collagen type II, hyaluronic acid, n-acetyl-glucosamine, bamboo extract, L-lysine, and vitamin C is the assumption that combining naturally occurring ingredients of the intervertebral disc would maintain spine function. This double-blinded, placebo-controlled randomized trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a nutraceutical supplement mix in the management of lumbar osteochondrosis. Fifty patients were randomly assigned to either the supplement or placebo group in a 1:1 ratio. Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) included the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), the visual analogue scale for pain (pVAS), short form-12 (SF-12) physical and mental component summary subscale scores (PCS and MCS, respectively), and global physical activity questionnaire (GPAQ). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to evaluate degenerative changes of intervertebral discs (IVD) including Pfirrmann grades as well as three-dimensional (3D) volume measurements. Data were collected at baseline and after the 3-month intervention. None of the PROMs were significantly different between the supplement and placebo groups. Disc degeneration according to Pfirrmann classifications remained stable during the 3-month intervention in both groups. Despite no significance regarding the distribution of Pfirrmann grade changes (improvement, no change, worsening; p = 0.259), in the supplement group, one patient achieved a three-grade improvement, and worsening of Pfirrmann grades were only detected in the placebo group (9.1%). Furthermore, in-depth evaluations of MRIs showed significantly higher 3D-measured volume changes (increase) in the supplement (+740.3 ± 796.1 mm3) compared to lower 3D-measured volume changes (decrease) in the placebo group (-417.2 ± 875.0 mm3; p < 0.001). In conclusion, this multi-nutrient supplement might not only stabilize the progression of lumbar osteochondrosis, but it might also potentially even increase IVD volumes as detected on MRIs.