Global Perspective Research Articles

Association of stress and anxiety with Alzheimer’s: post-COVID-19 pandemic global perspective

Association of stress and anxiety with Alzheimer’s: post-COVID-19 pandemic global perspective

A policy and quantitative analysis of U.S. climate policy from a global perspective

AbstractWe analyze a recent significant shift in United States (US) climate policy focusing on a landmark law: the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA). To put the IRA in context, we adopt a three‐pronged approach. First, we describe the portfolio of economic policies available to address climate change, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages in an intuitive manner. Second, we reflect on US climate policies prior to the IRA and compare them to those of other major players, such as the European Union and China. Third, we offer a quantitative estimation of the IRA's impact on the US economy. We compare the IRA's green subsidies with the effects of a potential carbon pricing policy that achieves the same reduction in CO2 emissions. Our Computable General Equilibrium simulations account for various channels affecting the efficiency of climate policies, indicating that carbon pricing would be a more efficient approach. There are good reasons why both the EU and China and have opted for this mechanism. We highlight the challenges faced by the US and other countries, including those stemming from political feasibility, which hinder quicker advances in the green transition.

Global cross-sectional student survey on AI in medical, dental, and veterinary education and practice at 192 faculties

BackgroundThe successful integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare depends on the global perspectives of all stakeholders. This study aims to answer the research question: What are the attitudes of medical, dental, and veterinary students towards AI in education and practice, and what are the regional differences in these perceptions?MethodsAn anonymous online survey was developed based on a literature review and expert panel discussions. The survey assessed students' AI knowledge, attitudes towards AI in healthcare, current state of AI education, and preferences for AI teaching. It consisted of 16 multiple-choice items, eight demographic queries, and one free-field comment section. Medical, dental, and veterinary students from various countries were invited to participate via faculty newsletters and courses. The survey measured technological literacy, AI knowledge, current state of AI education, preferences for AI teaching, and attitudes towards AI in healthcare using Likert scales. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Mann–Whitney U-test, Kruskal–Wallis test, and Dunn-Bonferroni post hoc test.ResultsThe survey included 4313 medical, 205 dentistry, and 78 veterinary students from 192 faculties and 48 countries. Most participants were from Europe (51.1%), followed by North/South America (23.3%) and Asia (21.3%). Students reported positive attitudes towards AI in healthcare (median: 4, IQR: 3–4) and a desire for more AI teaching (median: 4, IQR: 4–5). However, they had limited AI knowledge (median: 2, IQR: 2–2), lack of AI courses (76.3%), and felt unprepared to use AI in their careers (median: 2, IQR: 1–3). Subgroup analyses revealed significant differences between the Global North and South (r = 0.025 to 0.185, all P < .001) and across continents (r = 0.301 to 0.531, all P < .001), with generally small effect sizes.ConclusionsThis large-scale international survey highlights medical, dental, and veterinary students' positive perceptions of AI in healthcare, their strong desire for AI education, and the current lack of AI teaching in medical curricula worldwide. The study identifies a need for integrating AI education into medical curricula, considering regional differences in perceptions and educational needs.Trial registrationNot applicable (no clinical trial).

Transformer-based dual-view X-ray security inspection image analysis

Artificial intelligence technology is rapidly advancing and has been widely applied in the field of intelligent security inspection. Utilizing computer vision technology to detect prohibited items in X-ray images has drawn much attention. Due to the transmission effect of X-rays, single-view security inspection images are prone to object occlusion and poor imaging angles, which seriously affects the performance of object detection models. Dual-view security inspection equipment can simultaneously capture X-ray transmission images of the item under inspection from both horizontal and vertical angles, which can effectively address issues of poor imaging angles and object occlusions that single-view imaging cannot resolve. In this paper, we introduced the artificial intelligence technology in dual-view security inspection image analysis, and proposed the dual-view feature fusion and prohibited item detection model in X-ray security inspection images based on the Vision Transformer framework. The detection model contains two input channels: the main and secondary channel. The main function of the main channel is to detect prohibited items in security inspection images, while the secondary channel is dedicated to providing effective feature information of prohibited items for the main channel. Two feature interaction modules are applied in the proposed model to realize dual channel information exchange and supplement from local and global perspectives respectively. Simulation results based on the public Dualray dataset have demonstrated the state-of-the-art performance of the proposed dual-view X-ray image detection model. Code is available at https://github.com/zhg-SZPT/Trans2Ray.

Reproduction and the Common Good: Global Perspectives from the Catholic Tradition

Reproduction and the Common Good: Global Perspectives from the Catholic Tradition

Novel variants and genotype-phenotype correlation in a multicentre cohort of GNE myopathy in China

BackgroundGlcNAc2-epimerase (GNE) myopathy is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by pathogenic variants in the GNE gene, which is essential for the sialic acid biosynthesis pathway.ObjectiveThis multi-centre study aimed to...

Global Perspective on Challenges and Potential Solutions to Increasing Peritoneal Dialysis in Egypt.

Global Perspective on Challenges and Potential Solutions to Increasing Peritoneal Dialysis in Egypt.

An improved whale optimization algorithm for UAV swarm trajectory planning

For the problem of trajectory planning in the small-scale unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) swarms, classical intelligent algorithms and newly emerged bio-inspired algorithms often suffer from being trapped in local optima, leading to suboptimal solutions. Moreover, these algorithms fail to ensure optimal solutions and convergence speed in high-speed dynamic UAV networking scenarios. In response to these challenges, this paper proposes an Improved Whale Optimization Algorithm (IWOA) that considers the global perspective. To address the issue of initial solution diversity, an opposition-based learning method is introduced by constructing a reverse population, enhancing the diversity of the initial population. To overcome the problem of the algorithm getting trapped in local optima, random convergence factors, and end-point random neighborhood perturbations are incorporated to accelerate the global convergence speed of the IWOA and prevent it from getting stuck in local optima. Additionally, a grid digital elevation model is employed when constructing the experimental environment model, considering various physical constraints of the UAV swarm. This ensures that the simulation validation of the IWOA algorithm is closer to real-world scenarios. Simulation results indicate that, compared to commonly used algorithms, the IWOA can generate more optimal trajectories for drone swarm planning under constraints resembling real-world scenarios. It exhibits better performance in trajectory evaluation, convergence speed, and stability, thereby meeting the requirements of trajectory planning for small-scale UAV swarms. The proposed IWOA enhances UAV swarm coordination and efficiency, significantly impacting real-world applications in various fields.

Fishery status of the green tiger shrimp (Penaeus semisulcatus) in Palk Bay, in the southeast coast of India: Local and global perspectives

The green tiger shrimp (Penaeus semisulcatus De Haan, 1844), traded as Mandapam flower shrimp internationally, is large-sized shrimp and landed on the coast of Palk Bay, India. This work aimed to describe the status of its fishery and identify challenges for the better management of these resources. The estimated fishery landings of P. semisulcatus in 2022 were 7658 t, with an annual average of 6493 t from 2020 to 2022, contributing to the total penaeid shrimp landings in Palk Bay at 57.6%. The economic value of this fishery was estimated to be around $53 million USDs annually (1 USD = 83.16 INR). Between 2007 and 2022, there was a significant difference between green tiger shrimp and total penaeid shrimp landings in Palk Bay across gears and years. All shrimp from Palk Bay have export markets to Japan, the USA, China, and European countries. The average annual export of P. semisulcatus (2015-16 to 2022–23) was 3532 t ($30.9 million USDs). In 2022–23, the USA was the biggest importer of frozen shrimp, followed by China, the European countries, Southeast Asia, Japan, and the Middle-East countries. We formulated a policy guidelines framework for the management and co-management of the green tiger shrimp fishery in Palk Bay based on a precautionary approach.

Global perspectives on cybercrime legislation

Cybercrime poses a growing threat to individuals, businesses, and governments in the digital age. This research aims to conduct a comprehensive study of the legal frameworks developed by international organizations to combat cybercrime, providing a comparative analysis of their approaches and highlighting strengths, weaknesses, and areas for improvement. The study employs a qualitative research methodology, utilizing a doctrinal approach to examine primary and secondary legal sources for data analysis. The results reveal the ongoing efforts of the United Nations and other international bodies to establish a unified approach to combating cybercrime through conventions on Cybercrime. The research emphasizes the importance of harmonizing laws, fostering international cooperation, and adapting to evolving cyber threats while maintaining a balance between security and individual rights. Recommendations include strengthening legal frameworks, enhancing public-private partnerships, and investing in capacity building and technical assistance for developing countries. The study concludes by highlighting the critical importance of comprehensive and harmonized cybercrime legislation in the global fight against cybercrime and calls for continued efforts to address the challenges posed by this ever-evolving threat.

Global perspective and willingness to communicate in the Saudi EFL context: A correlational study

This study examines the relationship between global perspective (GP) and willingness to communicate (WTC) among Saudi EFL learners, with a particular focus on the influence of gender. An explanatory sequential mixed methods approach was employed in this research. The study involved administering questionnaires to a sample of 150 undergraduates (96 males, 54 females) and conducting semi-structured interviews with 8 participants (4 males, 4 females) to gain deeper insights. The quantitative results revealed an insignificant difference between GP and WTC in English overall. However, a moderate positive correlation was found between WTC and specific GP domains (cognitive, intrapersonal, and interpersonal). The qualitative interview analysis further highlighted that learners with a higher GP demonstrated greater WTC and were driven by factors such as intercultural awareness and openness to multiculturalism. This study contributes to the understanding of the complex interplay between GP and WTC in English, an area previously underexplored in the context of Saudi EFL learners. The results emphasize the nuanced role that GP plays in influencing learners' willingness to communicate. The findings suggest that educational strategies aimed at enhancing global perspectives among learners could foster a greater willingness to communicate in English. This highlights the importance of integrating elements of intercultural awareness and multicultural openness into EFL curricula to better support student engagement and communication.

Global Perspectives on Teacher Emotions and Agency in Higher Education: A Content and Bibliometric Analyses Over the Past Five Decades

ABSTRACTThis study dives deep into the evolution of research on teacher emotions (TE), teacher agency (TA) and their role within higher education institutions (HEIs) from 1975 to the present. Combining a meticulous bibliometric and content analysis, the paper has painted a detailed picture of how the academic conversation has developed over nearly half a century. The approach did not just count publications but looked at how they connected globally. The study reveals a rich tapestry of international collaborations, with the United States, Australia and China standing out as key players, showcasing the global interest in this field and its interconnected insights. Another fascinating finding is the uncovering of the multifaceted dimensions of research on TE and TA and the significance of regional and global perspectives in shaping the holistic landscape of the field. The emergent themes, such as ‘Language Teacher Emotion’ and the significant impact of ‘COVID‐19’ on educational dynamics, are even more intriguing. These themes strongly indicate the field's evolution and responsiveness to the emerging challenges in the contemporary academic landscape.

An evaluation of the footprint of diversification strategy in the tourism sector: a global perspective

ABSTRACT For the first time, the relationship between tourism market diversification and a comprehensive measure of environmental degradation – ecological footprint, has been examined in this study. Using a Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence, and Technology (STIRPAT) framework, additional explanatory variables have been recognised in the analysis. A recently introduced quantile regression approach has been used to investigate the differential impacts of tourism market diversification in 94 host countries, during 1995–2018. The findings suggest that tourism market diversification generates more ecological footprint in the countries. An examination of the relationship has been further conducted with the countries divided into different income clusters. It is shown that tourism market diversification generates a lower ecological footprint in low-income countries. In lower middle-income countries and upper middle-income countries, tourism market diversification generates a greater ecological footprint. Tourism market diversification does not significantly affect the ecological footprint in high-income countries.

A Comparative Analysis of Conciliation versus Litigation: Pros and Cons from Indian and Global Perspectives

This comparative analysis will examine Conciliation and Litigation as two distinct yet interrelated mechanisms for resolving disputes, highlighting their respective advantages and disadvantages within both Indian and global contexts. Conciliation, on one side, offers flexibility and cost-effectiveness, fostering opportunities for “cooperation” and aiding in the maintenance of a “working relationship,” thereby preserving any undamaged aspects of the relationship despite the dispute at hand. Conversely, it lacks binding authority and can be susceptible to exploitation due to existing power imbalances. In contrast, Litigation offers legal certainty, enforceability, and public accountability but is often lengthy, expensive, and inherently adversarial. This paper will explore the increasing significance of conciliation in the overwhelmed judiciary of India as well as on an international scale. Additionally, it is essential to evaluate the adaptability of conciliation in relation to the formal authority of litigation within an effective dispute resolution framework, ensuring that access to justice remains equitable and efficient across various legal systems.

Subsidiary Learning Opportunities for the Sustainability of Early Child Development.

Dear Sir / Madam In our fast-paced, ever-changing world, the key to a sustainable future is increasingly recognized as nurturing the potential of the youngest members of society.(1). New estimates are that 250 million children (43%) younger than 5 years in low-income and middle-income countries are at risk of not reaching their developmental potential (2). Early child development is the cornerstone upon which a sustainable future is built.(3) Subsidiary learning opportunities are found in the way a caregiver engages in conversation during mealtime, play, bedtime stories, and the wonder of discovering nature in a walk-through park.(4) Key Points Holistic Development: It fosters well-rounded children by encompassing cognitive, physical, social, and emotional development, ensuring they are academically proficient and possess crucial life skills like problem-solving, empathy, and resilience.(5). Early Exposure to Sustainability: this introduces children to sustainability, conservation, and responsible living through activities like gardening, recycling, and exploring nature, fostering an early appreciation for the environment. Cultural and Social Awareness: A global perspective fosters tolerance, understanding, and empathy towards different cultures and backgrounds. Parental Engagement: Subsidiary learning opportunities strengthen the bond to provide a stable, nurturing environment for their children’s growth, contributing to their overall development. Lifelong Learning: Children who are encouraged to explore and ask questions during these years are more likely to become curious, self-motivated learners throughout their lives. In conclusion, subsidiary learning opportunities are the unsung heroes of early child development, laying the groundwork for sustainable futures.

A global perspective on AI innovation and effective use in the research lab

A global perspective on AI innovation and effective use in the research lab

Ranking the Orthopedic Procedures With the Highest Morbidity and Mortality.

Musculoskeletal conditions currently affect more than one-third of the US population and orthopedic procedures play a pivotal role in managing them. Like any invasive intervention, these carry a wide spectrum of risk, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of the associated morbidity and mortality. This study sought to provide a global perspective of the risks and complications associated with these procedures to establish an easy to understand risk stratification tool for both patients and providers. Current Procedural Terminology codes associated with orthopedic surgery were identified in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database from 2018 to 2020. Each code was associated with its rate of 30-day mortality as well as any adverse event (AAE) and then ranked for descriptive analysis. In total, there were 698,549 patients who underwent orthopedic procedures associated with 94 CPT codes with at least 1 morbidity event and 144 CPT codes with at least 1 AAE. The CPT code associated with the highest mortality was 27590 or above knee amputation. The CPT code associated with the highest rate of AAE was 27507 or open treatment of femoral shaft fracture with plate and screws. This is the first study to compare the rates of morbidity and mortality in all patients with orthopedic procedures. There was a strong bias toward increased risk associated with lower extremity surgery and surgery most often performed in the geriatric population. [Orthopedics. 202x;4x(x):xx-xx.].

Embodied carbon saving of reusing concrete elements in new buildings: A Swedish pilot study

Reusing the building elements is the highest possible level of circularity for buildings that must be demolished, potentially slowing down climate change. This study explores the embodied carbon reduction of construction of a pilot building with structural elements of reused concrete. The assessment focuses on applying different methodological approaches and discussing the upscaling opportunities of reusing concrete elements from a global warming potential perspective. The assessment shows large embodied carbon savings compared to conventional building practices like recycling the concrete and building with new low-carbon and prefabricated elements. Embodied carbon saving is also obvious when applying alternative system modelling, future market projection and different allocation approaches of the production emissions of the elements. Finally, the study emphasises the need for further research in evaluating the benefits of reusing structural concrete elements broadly, like including the deconstruction impact related to elements for reuse, to be able to draw general conclusions.

The Cognition and Promotion of Chinese National Opera from the Perspective of Globalization

The Cognition and Promotion of Chinese National Opera from the Perspective of Globalization

23rd ISoP Annual Meeting "Global Perspectives on Pharmacovigilance in the Digital Age and Advanced Therapeutics" 1-5 October 2024 Montreal, Canada.

23rd ISoP Annual Meeting "Global Perspectives on Pharmacovigilance in the Digital Age and Advanced Therapeutics" 1-5 October 2024 Montreal, Canada.