Global Monodromy Research Articles

Rigid local systems and the multiplicative eigenvalue problem

We give a construction that produces irreducible complex rigid local systems on $\mathbb{P}_C^1-\{p_1,\ldots ,p_s\}$ via quantum Schubert calculus and strange duality. These local systems are unitary and arise from a study of vertices in the polytopes controlling the multiplicative eigenvalue problem for the special unitary groups $\mathrm{SU}(n)$ (i.e., determination of the possible eigenvalues of a product of unitary matrices given the eigenvalues of the matrices). Roughly speaking, we show that the strange duals of the simplest vertices of these polytopes give all possible unitary irreducible rigid local systems. As a consequence we obtain that the ranks of unitary irreducible rigid local systems, including those with finite global monodromy, on $\mathbb{P}^1-S$ are bounded above if we fix the cardinality of the set $S=\{p_1,\ldots ,p_s\}$ and require that the local monodromies have orders that divide $n$ for a fixed $n$. Answering a question of N.~Katz, we show that there are no irreducible rigid local systems of rank greater than one, with finite global monodromy, all of whose local monodromies have orders dividing $n$, when $n$ is a prime number. We also show that all unitary irreducible rigid local systems on $\mathbb{P}_C^1-S$ with finite local monodromies arise as solutions to the Knizhnik-Zamalodchikov equations on conformal blocks for the special linear group. Along the way, generalizing previous works of the author and J.~Kiers, we give an inductive mechanism for determining all vertices in the multiplicative eigenvalue problem for $\mathrm{SU}(n)$.

A Characterisation of Smooth Maps into a Homogeneous Space

We generalize Cartan's logarithmic derivative of a smooth map from a manifold into a Lie group $G$ to smooth maps into a homogeneous space $M=G/H$, and determine the global monodromy obstruction to reconstructing such maps from infinitesimal data. The logarithmic derivative of the embedding of a submanifold $\Sigma \subset M$ becomes an invariant of $\Sigma $ under symmetries of the "Klein geometry" $M$ whose analysis is taken up in [SIGMA 14 (2018), 062, 36 pages, arXiv:1703.03851].

Knitting wormholes by entanglement in supergravity

We construct a single-boundary wormhole geometry in type IIB supergravity by perturbing two stacks of N extremal D3-branes in the decoupling limit. The solution interpolates from a two-sided planar AdS-Schwarzschild geometry in the interior, through a harmonic two-center solution in the intermediate region, to an asymptotic AdS space. The construction involves a CPT twist in the gluing of the wormhole to the exterior throats that gives a global monodromy to some coordinates, while preserving orientability. The geometry has a dual interpretation in mathcal{N} = 4 SU(2N) Super Yang-Mills theory in terms of a Higgsed SU(2N) → S(U(N) × U(N)) theory in which mathcal{O} (N2) degrees of freedom in each SU(N) sector are entangled in an approximate thermofield double state at a temperature much colder than the Higgs scale. We argue that the solution can be made long-lived by appropriate choice of parameters, and comment on mechanisms for generating traversability. We also describe a construction of a double wormhole between two universes.

Number of Zeros of Complete Abelian Integrals for a Primitive Rational Polynomial with Non-trivial Global Monodromy

We provide explicit lower and upper bounds for the maximum number of isolated zeros of the complete Abelian integral associated with a rational polynomial, with non-trivial global monodromy, and a polynomial 1-form of degree n. Moreover, we obtain the explicit form of the relative cohomology of the polynomial 1-forms with respect to the rational polynomial.

On the local monodromy of $A$-hypergeometric functions and some monodromy invariant subspaces

We obtain an explicit formula for the characteristic polynomial of the local monodromy of A -hypergeometric functions with respect to small loops around a coordinate hyperplane x_i = 0 . This formula is similar to the one obtained by Ando, Esterov and Takeuchi for the local monodromy at infinity. Our proof is combinatorial and can be adapted to provide an alternative proof for the latter formula as well. On the other hand, we also prove that the solution space at a nonsingular point of certain irregular and irreducible A -hypergeometric D -modules has a nontrivial global monodromy invariant subspace.

Unique fiber sum decomposability of genus 2 Lefschetz fibrations

By applying the lantern relation substitutions to the positive relation of the genus two Lefschetz fibration over S2, we show that K3#2CP‾2 can be rationally blown down along seven disjoint copies of the configuration C2. By counting the number of triangles in the line arrangement of the branched locus for corresponding hyperelliptic Lefschetz fibration, we show the maximum number of possible lantern relation substitutions on the global monodromy of K3#2CP‾2 is seven. We compute the Seiberg–Witten invariant of the resulting symplectic 4-manifolds and show that they are symplectically minimal. We also investigate how these exotic smooth 4-manifolds constructed via lantern relation substitution method are fiber sum decomposable. Furthermore by considering all the possible decompositions for each of our decomposable exotic examples, we will find out that there is a uniquely decomposing genus 2 Lefschetz fibration which is not a self-sum of the same fibration up to diffeomorphism on the indecomposable summands.

The global monodromy property for K3 surfaces allowing a triple-point-free model

Inspired by the motivic monodromy conjecture, Halle and Nicaise defined the global monodromy property for Calabi–Yau varieties over a discretely valued field. In this note, we discuss this property for K3 surfaces allowing a strict normal crossings model where no three components in the special fiber have a common intersection. The main result is that the global monodromy property holds for a K3 surface with a so-called flowerpot degeneration. It also holds for K3 surfaces with a chain degeneration under certain conditions.

On the singlet projector and the monodromy relation for psu(2, 2|4) spin chains and reduction to subsectors

As a step toward uncovering the relation between the weak and the strong coupling regimes of the $\mathcal{N}=4$ super Yang-Mills theory beyond the specral level, we have developed in a previous paper [arXiv:1410.8533] a novel group theoretic interpretation of the Wick contraction of the fields, which allowed us to compute a much more general class of three-point functions in the SU(2) sector, as in the case of strong coupling [arXiv:1312.3727], directly in terms of the determinant representation of the partial domain wall partition funciton. Furthermore, we derived a non-trivial identity for the three point functions with monodromy operators inserted, being the discrete counterpart of the global monodromy condition which played such a crucial role in the computation at strong coupling. In this companion paper, we shall extend our study to the entire ${\rm psu}(2,2|4)$ sector and obtain several important generalizations. They include in particular (i) the manifestly conformally covariant construction, from the basic principle, of the singlet-projection operator for performing the Wick contraction and (ii) the derivation of the monodromy relation for the case of the so-called "harmonic R-matrix", as well as for the usual fundamental R-matrtix. The former case, which is new and has features rather different from the latter, is expected to have important applications. We also describe how the form of the monodromy relation is modified as ${\rm psu}(2,2|4)$ is reduced to its subsectors.

Non-commutative/non-associative IIA (IIB) geometries from Q- and R-branes and their intersections

In this paper we discuss the construction of non-geometric Q- and R-branes as sources of non-geometric Q- and R-fluxes in string compactifications. The non-geometric Q-branes, being obtained via T-duality from the NS 5-brane or respectively from the KK-monopole, are still local solutions of the standard NS action, where however the background fields G and B possess non-geometric global monodromy properties. We show that using double field theory and redefined background fields $ \widetilde{G} $ and β as well as their corresponding effective action, the Q-branes are locally and globally well behaved solutions. Furthermore the R-brane solution can be at least formally constructed using dual coordinates. We derive the associated non-geometric Q- and R-fluxes and discuss that closed strings moving in the space transversal to the world-volumes of the non-geometric branes see a non-commutative or a non-associative geometry. In the second part of the paper we construct intersecting Q- and R-brane configurations as completely supersymmetric solutions of type IIA/B supergravity with certain SU(3) × SU(3) group structures. In the near horizon limit the intersecting brane configurations lead to type II backgrounds of the form AdS 4 × M 6, where the six-dimensional compact space M 6 is a torus fibration with various non-geometric Q- and R-fluxes in the compact directions. It exhibits an interesting non-commutative and non-associate geometric structure. Furthermore we also determine some of the effective four-dimensional superpotentials originating from the non-geometric fluxes.

Global monodromy modulo 5 of the quintic-mirror family

The quintic-mirror family is a well-known one-parameter family of Calabi--Yau threefolds. A complete description of the global monodromy group of this family is not yet known. In this paper, we give a presentation of the global monodromy group in the general linear group of degree 4 over the ring of integers modulo 5.

Kloosterman sheaves for reductive groups

Deligne constructed a remarkable local system on $\bP^1-\{0,\infty\}$ attached to a family of Kloosterman sums. Katz calculated its monodromy and asked whether there are Kloosterman sheaves for general reductive groups and which automorphic forms should be attached to these local systems under the Langlands correspondence. Motivated by work of Gross and Frenkel-Gross we find an explicit family of such automorphic forms and even a simple family of automorphic sheaves in the framework of the geometric Langlands program. We use these automorphic sheaves to construct l-adic Kloosterman sheaves for any reductive group in a uniform way, and describe the local and global monodromy of these Kloosterman sheaves. In particular, they give motivic Galois representations with exceptional monodromy groups G_2,F_4,E_7 and E_8. This also gives an example of the geometric Langlands correspondence with wild ramifications for any reductive group.

On the Global Monodromy of a Fibration of the Fermat Surface of Odd Degree $n$

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the global topological monodromy of a certain fibration of the Fermat surface without using numerical analysis by computer.

On the global monodromy of a Lefschetz fibration arising from the Fermat surface of degree 4

A complete description of the global monodromy of a Lefschetz fibration arising from the Fermat surface of degree 4 is given. As a by-product we get a positive relation among right hand Dehn twists in the mapping class group of a closed orientable surface of genus 3.

Invariance of the global monodromies in families of nondegenerate polynomials in two variables

We are interested in a global version of Lê-Ramanujam μ-constant theorem for polynomials. We consider an analytic family {fs}, s $\in$ [0, 1], of complex polynomials in two variables, that are Newton non-degenerate. We suppose that the Euler characteristic of a generic fiber of fs is constant, then we show that the global monodromy fibrations of fs are all isomorphic, and that the degree of fs is constant (up to an algebraic automorphism of C2).

Monodromy zeta functions at infinity, Newton polyhedra and constructible sheaves

By using sheaf-theoretical methods such as constructible sheaves, we generalize the formula of Libgober–Sperber concerning the zeta functions of monodromy at infinity of polynomial maps into various directions. In particular, some formulas for the zeta functions of global monodromy along the fibers of bifurcation points of polynomial maps will be obtained.

Toric structures on near-symplectic 4-manifolds

A near-symplectic structure on a 4-manifold is a closed 2-form that is symplectic away from the 1-dimensional submanifold along which it vanishes and that satisfies a certain transversality condition along this vanishing locus. We investigate near-symplectic 4-manifolds equipped with singular Lagrangian torus fibrations which are locally induced by effective Hamiltonian torus actions. We show how such a structure is completely characterized by a singular integral affine structure on the base of the fibration whenever the vanishing locus is nonempty. The base equipped with this geometric structure generalizes the moment map image of a toric 4-manifold in the spirit of earlier work by the second author on almost toric symplectic 4-manifolds. We use the geometric structure on the base to investigate the problem of making given smooth torus actions on 4-manifolds symplectic or Hamiltonian with respect to near-symplectic structures and to give interesting constructions of structures which are locally given by torus actions but have nontrivial global monodromy.

On the topology of the Newton boundary at infinity

We are interested in a global version of Le-Ramanujam μ -constant theorem from the Newton polyhedron point of view. More precisely, we prove a stability theorem which says that the global monodromy fibration of a polynomial function with Newton non-degenerate is uniquely determined by its Newton boundary at infinity. Furthermore, the continuity of atypical values for a family of complex polynomial functions also is considered.

The Regeneration of a 5-point

The braid monodromy factorization of the branch curve of a surface of general type is known to be an invariant that completely determines the diffeomorphism type of the surface. Calculating this factorization is of high technical complexity; computing the braid monodromy factorization of branch curves of surfaces uncovers new facts and invariants of the surfaces. Since finding the branch curve of a surface is very difficult, we degenerate the surface into a union of planes. Thus, we can find the braid monodromy of the branch curve of the degenerated surface, which is a union of lines. The regeneration of the singularities of the branch curve, studied locally, leads us to find the global braid monodromy factorization of the branch curve of the original surface. So far, only the regeneration of the BMF of 3,4 and 6-point (a singular point which is the intersection of 3 / 4 / 6 planes) were done. In this paper, we fill the gap and find the braid monodromy of the regeneration of a 5-point. This is of great importance to the understanding of the BMT (braid monodromy type) of surfaces. This braid monodromy will be used to find the global braid monodromy factorization of different surfaces; in particular - the monodromy of the branch curve of the Hirzebruch surface $F_{2,(2,2)}$.

Monodromy of Constant Mean Curvature Surface in Hyperbolic Space

In this paper we give a global version of the Bryant representation of surfaces of constant mean curvature one (cmc-1) in hyperbolic space. This allows to set the associated non-abelian period problem in the framework of flat unitary vector bundles on Riemann surfaces. We use this machinery to prove the existence of certain cmc-1 surfaces having prescribed global monodromy.

Monodromy of a two degrees of freedom Liouville integrable system with many focus focus singular points

This letter deals with the global monodromy of singular Lagrangian toral fibrations defined by two degrees of freedom Liouville integrable systems with only focus–focus singular points. We show that any global monodromy matrix in Sl(2, ) is realizable by such a system.