Global Maritime Distress And Safety System Research Articles

Analysis of Bi-LSTM CRF Series Models for Semantic Classification of NAVTEX Navigational Safety Messages

NAVTEX is a key component in the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) that automatically transmits urgent maritime safety information such as navigational and meteorological warnings and forecasts to vessels. For the safe navigation of smart ships, this information from different systems should be shared harmoniously in the Common Maritime Data Structure (CMDS). To share NAVTEX messages as CMDS, words in NAVTEX messages must be semantically classified and placed within the CMDS structure. While traditional parsing methods are typically used to understand message semantics, NAVTEX requires natural language processing methods with deep learning due to its unstructured messages. This paper applies six types of Bi-LSTM CRF-based deep learning models to NAVTEX navigational safety messages and analyzes the results to find the most suitable model for understanding the semantics of each word in NAVTEX messages. This technique can be applied to accurately convey the meaning of NAVTEX navigational safety messages to equipment that requires navigational safety information on smart ships without human intervention.

Профессиональные компетенции морских радиоспециалистов в области глобальной морской службы спасения при бедствиях

The article discusses the peculiarities of the professional competencies of Marine Radio specialists in the field of the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS), which is distinguished by a high degree of automation of the transmission and reception of information for search and rescue operations with minimal time. This applies to operators and senior operators of the GMDSB facility, operators of a limited area of the GMDSS, operator of the GMDSS, first and second class radio electronics of the GMDSS, the main professional characteristics of which are summarized in the professional standard “Operator of the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (ship, coastal).” The listed specialists carry out radio communication and information exchange between coastal and ship stations in the GMDSS in order to ensure uninterrupted communication in the event of a disaster, safety and urgency between ships and coastal services for the safety of navigation and the protection of human life at sea. It is emphasized that they must have higher or secondary vocational education. For each position, generalized labor functions are systematized, which are destructured into labor functions, labor actions, necessary knowledge and skills. It was concluded that the professional competencies of the marine radio specialists of the GMSSB are widely in demand, both on ships and on the shore, which is especially important given the development of the Arctic and the Northern Sea Route, as the main water route of the hard-to-reach northern regions. At the same time, the necessary level of professional training of specialists providing the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System in a disaster for the safety of navigation is decisive.

Vessel Safety Monitoring System (VSMS) Based on LoRA for the Safety of Indonesian Traditional Fishers

Based on data obtained from Indonesian fisheries statistics, over ten years, it is known that 90% of the fishing fleet in Indonesia is dominated by fishing vessels under 30 GT. Generally, these vessels are not equipped with the calculations of the shipping architect or planning drawings. the large percentage of shipping disasters or vessel accidents in Indonesia, including fishing vessel accidents, is caused by several factors: 43.67% due to human error, 32.37% due to nature, 23.94% due to technical factors. Accidents due to bad weather cannot be avoided during fishing operations. However, with the quality of human resources and technical factors that have improved, it is hoped that vessel accidents can be avoided or minimized. According to the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS), vessels with the IMO standard are already based on satellite communications. Vessels required to use the GMDSS standard are vessels with a size of 300 GT and above. We develop a Vessel Safety Monitoring System (VSMS) which has a lower cost, which can be used to determine the vessel’s position and is added by using a distress button system such as the satellite-based GMDSS system. the communication from the coast guard post to the vessel uses the LoRA module based on radio frequency, although without pressing the distress button on the vessel, the device on the vessel will continue to send location, vessel's speed, and rpm to the coast guard station. If the distress button is pressed, the location will still be sent, the buzzer at the coast guard post will turn on, and the vessel's location can be seen on the local web server so that the coast guard post officers can immediately find out the coordinates of the vessel. It can minimize the time to search for the vessel's location because the vessel's coordinates are known. Based on the results of the Vessel Safety Monitoring System (VSMS) test, 10 data transmission from the vessel to the coast guard post can work on the land and the sea it can send nine types of data with 0 - 50 meters distance, it can send 1 type of data with a 0 - 100 meters distance, with an average delivery delay of 5 seconds. The amount of data and the delivery delay affects the working distance of the tool. The distress function or the danger signal requires data transmission for 0-15 seconds manually or automatically until the alarm goes off at the coast guard post since the vessel's danger signal is activated from the vessel to the coast guard post

Viability and Performance Analysis, at a Physical Level, of a Maritime Communication Network on Medium Frequency

This paper analysed the potentialities that have not yet been exploited of the Automatic Vessel Identification System on Medium Frequency (AVISOMEF) that was previously presented to the scientific community. This system expanded the spectrum of possibilities of the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS). By the time AVISOMEF was presented, one of the unexpected benefits was that it could constitute a platform capable of supporting a Maritime Communication Network on Medium Frequency; all remotely located vessels could communicate with each other by using AVISOMEF, making use of the new established network, within the geographic area of implementation, without needing to use satellite techniques. Medium frequency propagation is stable and is not subject to coverage restrictions. To conduct this experiment, we collaborated with the Spanish Maritime Safety Agency (SASEMAR). It was thanks to them that we gathered real-time information about the nationwide maritime traffic that navigated through the Spanish Search and Rescue jurisdiction waters from 2018 to 2020.

GMDSS Equipment Usage: Seafarers’ Experience

Maritime non-commercial communications are performed using the equipment of Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS), under the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS). This equipment includes numerous devices of different technologies, features and user interfaces, which every officer of the watch (OOW) must know how to use. Besides, the equipment, i.e., its technology has not changed significantly in the last 30 years. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to collect and analyze information on how often GMDSS devices are used and whether any modernization is needed. The main research method was a questionnaire survey intended for experienced officers. Each question, as well as the answers of the respondents, were analyzed in detail and presented graphically. The results of the survey analysis indicate that the VHF (Very High Frequency) radiotelephone, Navigational Telex (NAVTEX) receiver, and Enhanced Group Call (EGC) receiver are still very used, while Digital Selective Calling (DSC) devices and MF/HF (Medium Frequency/High Frequency) radios (telephone and telex) are almost unused onboard. Additionally, more than 80% of respondents believe that GMDSS needs modernization.

Introduction to global short message communication service of BeiDou-3 navigation satellite system

Short Message Communication (SMC) is a featured service of BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS). After its successful deployment in 2003, Regional Short Message Communication (RSMC) service has been continuously serving China and its neighboring countries and regions, especially in life safety scenarios. In this paper, the architecture of the Global Short Message Communication (GSMC) system is proposed based on the medium earth orbit (MEO) constellation and the crosslinks of the global BeiDou navigation system (BDS-3). Three subtypes of GSMC service, i.e. positioning report, emergency search and rescue (SAR) and regular SMC are designed in accordance with the technical characteristic of integration of navigation and communication in BDS-3, which supports future wide applications of GSMC. The performance of the designed GSMC system is analyzed by numerical calculations. As BDS-3 was officially announced completion on July 31, 2020, GSMC has been providing initial service. First test results of the in orbit GSMC payloads are also presented in the paper to verify the designed capabilities. Preliminary results also show that the requirements of Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) can also be fulfilled.

New Aspects for Modernization Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS)

New Aspects for Modernization Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS)

Progress of Work on e-navigation and the Modernisation of GMDSS

The article presents the progress of work on the e-navigation project carried out by the International Maritime Organization (IMO). Progress of the work on the second project carried out by the IMO is also described, related to e-navigation and involving modernization of the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS). In addition to the description of these projects, their mutual relationship is also presented, as well as the timetable for implementing their stages.

Studi Kinerja Rancang Bangun Sistem Penampil Informasi Hybrid Pada Perahu Nelayan Berbasis Google Maps

Boat is a type of traditional public transportation of the Indonesian people, especially the people in Penyengat Island, Riau Islands Province. Communities on Penyengat Island have many traditional boats that do not have a Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) for shipping standards. Shipping standards are needed so that the safety factor in sailing is more awake. Sailing safety factors are needed in getting help if an accident on a fishing boat occurs. Delay in help due to ignorance of the information about the accident and the position of the ship that is difficult to detect. Based on the description, it will be appointed a performance study on the design of a hybrid information display system on fishing boats to determine the location of the accident that will be displayed in the form of Google Maps. Google Maps is a digital map service application developed by Google. The combination of Google Maps and the Global Positioning System (GPS) receiving device is a very useful combination. In addition, the hybrid system used is a combination of manual systems in the form of buttons and automatic systems in the form of tilt sensors on the boat. Research results obtained that users can find out the position of objects based on latitude and longitude coordinates displayed using Google Maps.

A Model of OFDM based Maritime VHF Communication System for Data Exchange

Abstract In the maritime Very High Frequency (VHF) band, there are no systems for transmitting large amounts of data. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new systems that would modernize the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS), significantly relieve the Automatic Identification System’s (AIS) communication channels, and set guidelines for the development of communication infrastructure of the e-Navigation. In line with this, analytical and simulation models of the maritime VHF data transmission communication system using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) modulation are worked out in this paper. The achieved data rate, the spectral efficiency and the bit error rate (BER) represent validation parameters on which the results of the analytical and simulation models are evaluated. It is concluded that the application of the digital OFDM modulation in the maritime VHF band may improve the GMDSS system by achieving higher data rates compared to the current terrestrial mandatory systems for data exchange, i.e. Digital Selective Calling (DSC) and AIS.

Automatic Identification System modular receiver for academic purposes

AbstractThe Automatic Identification System (AIS) standard is encompassed within the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS), in force since 1999. The GMDSS is a set of procedures, equipment, and communication protocols designed with the aim of increasing the safety of sea crossings, facilitating navigation, and the rescue of vessels in danger. The use of this system not only is increasingly attractive to security issues but also potentially creates intelligence products throughout the added‐value information that this network can transmit from ships on real time (identification, position, course, speed, dimensions, flag, among others). Within the marine electronics market, commercial receivers implement this standard and allow users to access vessel‐broadcasted information if in the range of coverage. In addition to satellite services, users may request actionable information from private or public AIS terrestrial networks where real‐time feed or historical data can be accessed from its nodes. This paper describes the configuration of an AIS receiver based on a modular design. This modular design facilitates the evaluation of specific modules and also a better understanding of the standard and the possibility of changing hardware modules to improve the performance of the prototype. Thus, the aim of this paper is to describe the system's specifications, its main hardware components, and to present educational didactics on the setup and use of a modular and terrestrial AIS receiver. The latter is for academic purposes and in undergraduate studies such as electrical engineering, telecommunications, and maritime studies.

Analysis of advantages and disadvantages of existing maritime communication systems for data exchange

Maritime communication systems and devices that are required onboard ships under the SOLAS (Safety Of Life At Sea) Convention are determined by the communication functions of Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS). This system was fully implemented on the 1st February 1999, and since then maritime communications methods have not been significantly changed. As a result, numerous researches and studies were conducted, intended to improve existing communication systems. Furthermore, the exchange of data in maritime communications is of great importance for the purpose of safety of navigation and commercial services. For this reason, the advantages and disadvantages of existing maritime communication systems for data exchange are systematically analyzed in this paper, in order to determine the guidelines for their improvement or replacement by new communication systems. The focus is on the used modulation techniques, as well as the maximum achieved data rates. According to these characteristics the possibility of applying certain communication systems in communications infrastructure of the strategy called “e-Navigation” is determined. In addition, an overview of international recommendations and guidelines for the modernization of maritime communications in the VHF frequency band is elaborated in this paper.

Survey and Analysis of User Opinion for the Review and Modernization of GMDSS and Implementation of e-Navigation

Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) equipment and Electronic Chart Display & Information System (ECDIS) are typical equipment which help seafarers to obtain information for ship`s safe navigation. In this study, a survey on using of GMDSS equipment and ECDIS was conducted on a total of 260 ship masters and crew who have been working on ocean-going vessels. The subjects were asked about the usage, and level and reason of satisfaction or dissatisfaction of GMDSS equipment and ECDIS, the leading navigational system from which they receive information. The survey showed that the third- and fourth-most frequently used equipment, MF/HF and INMARSAT (telex), were deemed to be the second- and third-most useless equipment. It means that the frequency of device usage is not proportionate to the level of navigational safety. Especially, `ease of device use (42.3%)` and `necessity of the provided information (50%)` were highlighted as factors increasing the level of satisfaction with the system. The survey result shows that ship safety cannot be realized by only adopting advanced systems, technology and services. It emphasizes the need to consider the level of `accessibility and appropriateness of the information` and `ease of device use`. Discussions implemented by the IMO on various policies and regulations are aimed at securing ship safety. In order to achieve the goal, such institutions should be validated by end-users and relevant studies should be conducted.

Development and characteristics of African Satellite Augmentation System (ASAS) network

This paper reports on an African Satellite Augmentation System (ASAS) Space and Ground Segments as an integration part of Global Satellite Augmentation System (GSAS) for enhanced Traffic Control and Management (TCM) globally at sea, on the ground (road and railway vehicles) and in the air. The ASAS network can be used as solely systems for covering and providing TCM and Safety and Security service for entire African Continent and Middle East region, according to the International Maritime Organization (IMO), its Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) and International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) recommendations and requirements. Since 1995 few commercial Regional Satellite Augmentation System (RSAS) networks have been projected and developed to utilize Communication, Navigation and Surveillance (CNS) service for Maritime Traffic Control (MTC), Land Traffic Control (LTC) and Air Traffic Control (ATC), including for improved Safety and Security in all transportation systems. The proposed Space Segment of Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) constellation and Ground Segment of ASAS network are discussed, and areas examined where further investigations are needed. Specific issues related to these challenges are concluded and a set of solutions is proposed to maximize the availability of ASAS network capacity to the user applications.

Search and Rescue Location and Identification: Experience with SARTs

This paper summarizes the current situation on maritime navigation transponders, including those used in the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) and those installed in Rescue Co-ordination Centres (RCCs) and on board Search and Rescue boats, and discusses the possible future trends. The paper then describes the methods used and conclusions reached during a variety of tests carried out in Tenerife Roads, RCC Tenerife and on board Sociedad Estatal de Salvamento vessels, in order to determine the accuracy and efficiency of various ships' identification, positioning, location, tracking and homing systems in normal and distress situations. The systems tested included Radar/Automatic Radar Plotting Aids (ARPAs), Search and Rescue Transponders (SARTs), Target Enhancers and Radar Reflectors.

Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) deadline postponed six years.

Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) deadline postponed six years.

Standard-C and Positioning

Since the days of Sputnik, 1, Transit and Early Bird, satellite communications and navigation have followed separate development paths. Now with the development of the INMARSAT Standard-C and Enhanced Group Call systems the two will be drawn more closely together. Standard-C will provide a simple low cost satellite solution for ships to send and receive data and messages throughout the world in any weather 24 hours a day. For the mariner this will mark a significant advancement over existing conventional services. The Enhanced Group Call (EGC) system uses the basic Standard-C system architecture to broadcast Marine Safety Information (SafetyNET) and commercial calls (FleetNET) to defined geographic areas or groups of ships. The EGC system therefore brings the mariner an optimal way to automatically receive shore-to-ship distress alerts, routine weather forecasts and NAVAREA and storm warnings applicable to the area in which he is sailing. For the commercial user it offers a means to provide news, stock, commodity market and other business information to a selected group of recipients. In the future it may also provide the means for automatically updating data bases containing electronic charts, light lists, tide tables, hazardous cargo and other information currently carried in printed form. The ability to advise ships in near real-time of pertinent Marine Safety Information will be demonstrated during sea trials of the EGC system in the North Atlantic during 1987. A successful trial is expected to lead to IMO making an EGC receiver capability a part of the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) carriage requirements which, together with 518 KHz NAVTEX, will enable the mariner to receive crucial Marine Safety Information automatically anywhere he sails. The Standard-C ship earth station (SES) will have the ability to transmit the vessel's position automatically when connected to an electronic positioning system, either at pre-assigned intervals or on demand when polled. The same capability may also be used to transmit meteorological observations as well as cargo and engine monitoring/performance data. Starting in 1987, INMARSAT will test and demonstrate position determination through its satellites by using ranging techniques. It is planned that some of these tests will be conducted using modified Standard-C SESs. Sea Trials of Standard-C will begin in the latter part of 1987 with commercial service from 1988. The multifunctional capabilities of this small, lightweight, low-cost SES with omnidirectional antenna are remarkable. Standard-C will therefore have a significant impact on navigation and communications practice and thinking by the marine community into the 21st Century.