Global Journalist Research Articles

Status of the Ukrainian Language in the Context of Global Challenges and Military Aggression (Based on the Material of the Modern English-Language Press)

Russia's military aggression against Ukraine has globally transformed the media landscape. Facing global challenges, the world's media began to continuously publicize the unacceptable violations and catastrophic Russian armed aggression consequences. On February 24, 2022, Russia attacked Ukraine, and these events prompted both Ukrainian and global journalists to refocus on wartime conditions. This work is a compilation of theoretical and methodological approaches that may be useful for the study of the discourse transformations within media discourse. The work is time-limited, but it is during the period in question that the “language issue” roared throughout the pages. The idea of combining the concept of discourse, sociolinguistics, and lexico-semantics to understand the discursive and linguistic event was proposed. These methodologies were grouped around ideas that recognize the relevance of English-language mass media. To study a linguistic event such as the Ukrainian war, the empirical part aimed to illustrate how proceedings such as guilt, linguistic conflict, can be investigated by methods of discourse analysis and other linguistic phenomena. Such a constructivist approach develops the working hypothesis that nomination (as a discursive record) varies according to the work and sociopolitical stakes of the speaker.

Testing the Connection Between Tertiary Journalism Education and the Rising Number of Female Journalists

ABSTRACT Journalism and communication courses almost unfailingly report a majority of female students such as the Journalism Students Around the Globe project (Mellado and Hanusch 2017), which has led scholars to assume a connection between the rise in the numbers of female journalists and the growth of academic journalism education. But as yet no study has been carried out to test this assumption, which has led us to probe the strength of that presumed link. A comparison between two baseline studies, David H. Weaver’s The Global Journalist (1998) and Hanitzsch et al.’s Worlds of Journalism Study (2019) provides the longitudinal perspective on the numbers of female journalists and educational attainment. The Worlds of Journalism Study data set permits us to see the percentages of women journalists, and of those having specialized in journalism or communication and their ages. The Journalism Students Around the Globe project offers not only percentages of female students but also the students’ stated intention whether they want to become journalists. Based on this data, we examine 19 countries to test the link between academic journalism education and the increase in women journalists, concluding that tertiary journalism education has contributed to the rise in the number of female journalists.

Portrait of an Azerbaijani journalist: unpaid, dissatisfied, but nevertheless passionate and committed

ABSTRACT The field of journalism in Azerbaijan is vastly understudied. Aiming to fill the major knowledge gap owing to the lack of any empirical data on Azerbaijan’s media, this is an attempt to systematically study the media environment in Azerbaijan. Through a national survey based on the larger frameworks of the Global Journalist (GJ) and the Worlds of Journalism (WoJ) projects this study constructs a demographic profile of journalists in Azerbaijan. We find that the overall picture of journalism in Azerbaijan is, in many ways, similar to the global averages (i.e. education, ethnic and religious affiliation with majority groups). However, even when the findings are similar between Azerbaijan and other countries, especially the “Western” countries with particular media systems, similar demographic characteristics can be due to a set of factors specific to Azerbaijani society.

Political Activist, Citizen’s Helper, and Entertainer: A Study of Professional Role Perception of Journalists in Azerbaijan

ABSTRACT This study seeks to partially fill a gap in knowledge about the practice of journalism in Azerbaijan, a former Soviet republic. The study proposed here represents the first time Azerbaijan has been studied in a systematic fashion consistent with the literature of comparative journalism as represented by The Global Journalist and Worlds of Journalism, studies well recognized as the standards against which all such efforts should be measured. One of the primary goals of the project is to explore the roles these journalists believe they play in society. Data, collected through an online survey of journalists indicate that several identifiable, perceived professional roles existed along the dimensions of Hanitzsch’s journalistic milieus. In addition, three other dimensions were identified that did not fit the model, but proved to be specific to the Azerbaijani media environment: Political Activist, Citizens’ Helper, and Entertainer.

Covering Protests on Twitter: The Influences on Journalists’ Social Media Portrayals of Left- and Right-Leaning Demonstrations in Brazil

This study uses a media sociology approach to untangle how multiple influences shape the way journalists cover left- and right-leaning protests on social media. Several studies have investigated how reporters portray social movements, finding that news marginalizes protestors by focusing on spectacle and violent tactics to the detriment of their ideas. In this study, we turn to journalists’ Twitter accounts to analyze if these patterns are transferred to social media, as predicted by the literature on normalization of new affordances. Through a mixed methodology matching survey and social media data from 466 Brazilian journalists who tweeted about protests in 2013 and 2015, results revealed individual attitudes predicted coverage, indicating that social media was a space for personal, not professional, expression. Contrary to the literature, findings show that social media portrayals were more legitimizing during the left-leaning demonstrations than during the right-leaning elite-driven one. As a result, marginalizing patterns of protest coverage were challenged, not replicated, on Twitter. These findings suggest a limitation of the theory of normalization to explain how global journalists use social media.

Book Review: The Global Journalist in the 21st Century, by David H. Weaver and Lars Willnat (Eds.)

David H. Weaver and Lars Willnat (Eds.). The Global Journalist in 21st Century. New York: Routledge, 2012. 585 pp.The Global Journalist in 21st Century is a quantitative researcher's dream. It is filled with page upon page of survey and other data that examine what in almost three dozen countries look like, think about, and worry over, and those individuals complete their day-to-day responsibilities as various internal and external forces weigh upon them. For what it is worth, many in democratically ori- ented nations admit to a left-center to left political affiliation and believe their owners are right-center to right on political scale.Journalists from places as different as China and Chile or Singapore and Slovenia took part in surveys, and they were responding in almost every case to researchers native to that country. The surveys were conducted by telephone, mail, online, or in-person.One of intriguing results is that in many countries, question of is a journalist remains undefined, if it is discussed at all. As a result, it also is a challenge to determine a true total number of men and women who practice craft. But that might not necessarily be a bad thing. The September/October 2013 issue of Columbia Journalism Review asks provocative question What is journalism for? New York University journalism professor Jay Rosen suggests such a question is 100 times better than more commonly seen, 'who is a journalist?' which is nothing but an invitation to class war (p. 28). For their part, Weaver and Willnat state that identi- fying and then comparing from country to country has become more diffi- cult because has been a blurring of boundaries between journalism and other forms of communication, and between and those formerly known as media audiences (p. 529).Some of most interesting nuggets of information I found about journalism in various countries follow:* Chinese TV regard themselves more as 'mouthpieces of party and government' than their colleagues from newspapers, news Web sites, and maga- zines (p. 19).* Japanese agree that the watchdog is considered an important media function, [but] only about one-third of (them) believe they actually fulfill this role (p. 57).* Danish journalists find that organizational conditions do play too big a in actual news selection while relevance has too little priority (p. 164).* In Britain, there is deep concern about how much of journalism industry will in years ahead be economically able to hire young at all, let alone nurture them into becoming watchdogs (p. 230).* Attacks on in Russia have led to at least three hundred deaths, yet the popularity of being a journalist has not declined (pp. 278-279).* American believe that over the last 30 years, autonomy of reporters at U.S. news organizations has eroded steadily (p. 355).The final chapter compares findings about U. …

THE GLOBAL JOURNALIST IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY

This study presents selected findings related to journalistic competencies or skills from surveys of more than 29,000 journalists working in 31 countries or territories, conducted between 1996 and 2011. The data come from survey studies included in Weaver and Willnat's 2012 book, The Global Journalist in the 21st Century. The study focuses on aspects such as journalists' age and education, working conditions, professional values or orientations, opinions about the importance of different aspects of the job, and attitudes toward new reporting skills that are necessary to cope with a multimedia news environment. The study concludes that there are no clear patterns of such competency among the journalists included in this analysis. However, tendencies were observed for some countries to have younger, less experienced, less formally educated journalists who do not highly value the interpretive or analytical role of journalism, who are less satisfied with their work, who have less freedom in their work, and who lack the multimedia skills necessary in the age of online journalism. The study also calls for systematic content analysis studies that investigate whether self-reported competencies of journalists in each nation actually correlate with the quality of the news products they create.

The Global journalist in the 21st century

The Global journalist in the 21st century

Global journalism ethics

Ward, Stephen J.A. (2010). Global Journalism Ethics. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, pp. 296. Ward notes that traditional journalism values and practices are being questioned due to global nature of modern journalism and rapid changes brought about by digital and wireless technologies. Ward concludes that journalists are struggling to maintain credible ethical identity as they sail roiling sea of modern media world (p. 3). Ward's bold objective is to look at journalism's future and offer conceptual inventions to help move journalism forward, with an eventual goal of converging theoretical foundations and practical proposals. Although those looking for concrete practical proposals to follow in global setting might be disappointed that Ward doesn't get quite that far, his impressive theoretical framework provides an excellent starting point for scholars interested in journalism in wired, globalized world. As Ward writes, goal of book is to supply the basic philosophical concepts to begin invention of detailed and theoretically solid global [journalism] ethics (p. 235). The book is divided into two sections, although it covers three distinct topics. In first and longest section, Ward explains his approach to and presents his general theory of ethics. In chapter one, Ward explains basic idea of and his naturalistic approach, which conceives of as rational, human invention. In chapter two, he describes his holistic approach to reflective engagement, explains his three-level theory of ethical reasoning, and presents an accompanying model of journalism informed by that theory. Ward uses chapter three to argue that aim of should be congruence of - theory that humans should strive to flourish or grow on four levels - and right - a Rawlsian theory of right for liberal democratic or well-ordered society (p. 103). Ward argues this congruence leads to ethical flourishing or combination of the good and the right. Ultimately, goal of these first chapters is to argue that true aim of is creation of liberal democracy in which citizens are truly free to govern themselves with meaningful decisions that actually influence structure and function of government. In second section, Ward expands on his theoretical foundations and discusses how his theories of form basic concepts of global journalism ethics, with an emphasis on how journalism can advance democracy. In chapter six, Ward presents his third topic, and finally applies his ethical framework to practical question: To what extent can global journalist be patriot? The book's greatest strength is Ward's presentation of his personal approach to and his systematic theoretical discussion of and philosophy, as he lays foundations for his vision of and global journalism ethics. Ward's intelligence is evident, and his deep appreciation for and understanding of classic works of political and moral philosophy greatly inform his work. His approach to is rooted in social contract theory, classic liberal democratic theory, John Rawls's theories of justice and human good, and cosmopolitan ethics, an ethical system that asserts the equal value and dignity of all people as members of common humanity (p. …

Walter Williams, Country Editor and Global Journalist: Pastoral Exceptionalism and Global Journalism Ethics at the Turn of the 20th Century

This article identifies principles for global journalism ethics in speeches and essays by the early 20th century journalist and founder of the first American journalism school, Walter Williams. Williams is not known as a media ethicist, nor is he a prominent figure in ongoing scholarly work on global journalism ethics. However, his nascent ethical principles offer an important foreshadowing of current discussions on how journalism ethics might work in a global context. The global perspective he brought to journalism was formulated at a critical period in the development of American journalism and codes of ethics. Tracing the evolution of global journalism ethics is important because the search for universal ethical principles in journalism has intensified today. That is because “media technologies are increasingly and dramatically global. Our work in media ethics should be commensurate with them” (Christians, 2005, p. 3). A century ahead of current attempts to develop principles for global journalism ethics, Williams was confronted with pluralism and globalization, just as he and other key figures in American journalism's history were shaping journalism into a profession and an academic discipline. While Williams discussed such principles as global responsibility and awareness of difference, he also contended that a specifically Christian, American, pastoral model should set the global standard. This paradoxical, unwieldy stance is discussed in the context of the Progressive Era. Implications for current scholarship on global journalism ethics are explored.

Journalism Teachers Building a Global Community

Momentum has been building toward the international networking of journalism educators, as evidenced by, among other events and trends, the second World Journalism Education Congress in South Africa, July 5–7, 2010. Previously, there were “parachute professors” and “the transfer of an ideology” from global journalism centers outward. The example of long-standing global journalists' and publishers' organizations provides a model for educators; the success of two World Journalism Education Congresses (and strong interest in a third), fundraising opportunities, and other factors suggest further progress is possible and likely. An international organization such as the existing World Journalism Education Council could even help overcome local resource limits and job stresses by helping to link journalism educators on a national or regional basis to those agencies who have resources.

The paradox of journalistic representation of the other

This paper primarily looks at one of the essential aspects of global (usually western) journalists' praxis of covering and depicting the other (generally the non-western). Content analysis of quantitative and qualitative attributes of media coverage of the SARS outbreak with regard to China and Vietnam from newspapers in five countries, including the Washington Post (USA), The Times (UK), the Sydney Morning Herald (Australia), the Globe & Mail (Canada), the Straits Times (Singapore), Newsweek and online news was undertaken. Findings show that while the western news coverage on China corroborated the image of the other in an unfavorable light, Vietnam was not portrayed as the negative other. Differences in China's and Vietnam's handling of SARS have affected their news coverage by the media. Both internal forces and external factors, interplaying and often competing, have contributed to the dynamic process of news coverage and image construction in the international media.

The global journalist: news and conscience in a world of conflict

Chapter 1 Collision: Technology, Money, and Ethics Chapter 2 Tearing down the Wall: History Begins Anew Chapter 3 Passion and Dispassion Chapter 4 Witness Chapter 5 Covering Humanitarian War Chapter 6 Watching the World Chapter 7 Notes Chapter 8 Bibliography Chapter 9 Index

How can global journalists represent the ‘Other’?

Many cultural studies scholars analyze media texts to show evidence of problematic representations of the ‘Other’. I transfer these concepts to current global media practice, especially television journalism. As an exemplar, I use travel journalism as a site where representing the Other is the constitutive part of the work. Standard television production praxis is evaluated through insights from visual anthropology and cultural studies. Moreover, actual journalistic strategies are proposed that help create more open texts and encourage multiple representations. The cultural studies concept of ‘Representing the Other’ is helpful as a model for text and media critique. Yet it lacks the potential to overcome the epistemological dilemma journalists face when covering others. Only self-reflective and critical approaches towards traditionalritualistic reporting and production strategies can help to disentangle problematic media representations.

Understanding the Global Journalist: a hierarchy-of-influences approach

Globalization of media organizations has brought accompanying debates about the proper education and professional standards for the journalists who work for them. These journalistic and press performance issues have attracted a correspondingly global community of scholars to conduct often transnational, comparative studies. In this article, I consider the issues raised in examining these "global journalists" from a sociology-of-media and a cross-national comparative perspective. I propose a "hierarchy of influences" levels-of-analysis model to help clarify and address such questions, including the problematic nature of "professionalism". From micro to macro, these levels address what factors shape media and news content, and include the individual journalist, news routines, organizational, extra-media, and ideological, with each carrying a different view of the professionalism issue. While many studies, comparative and otherwise, have been conducted at the individual level, often using surveys to examine the views and characteristics of individual professionals, this model requires that we take into account the larger structure within which these journalists function. More important than national differences may be the emergence of a transnational global professionalism, the shape of which will greatly affect how well the world's press meets the normative standards we would wish for it.