Global Item Research Articles

Efficient Session-based Recommendation with Contrastive Graph-based Shortest Path Search

Session-based recommendation aims to predict the next item based on a set of anonymous sessions. Capturing user intent from a short interaction sequence imposes a variety of challenges since no user profiles are available and interaction data is naturally sparse. Recent approaches relying on graph neural networks (GNNs) for session-based recommendation use global item relations to explore collaborative information from different sessions. These methods capture the topological structure of the graph and rely on multi-hop information aggregation in GNNs to exchange information along edges. Consequently, graph-based models suffer from noisy item relations in the training data and introduce high complexity for large item catalogs. We propose to explicitly model the multi-hop information aggregation mechanism over multiple layers via shortest-path edges based on knowledge from the sequential recommendation domain. Our approach does not require multiple layers to exchange information and ignores unreliable item-item relations. Furthermore, to address inherent data sparsity, we are the first to apply supervised contrastive learning by mining data-driven positive and hard negative item samples from the training data. Extensive experiments on four different datasets show that the proposed approach outperforms almost all of the state-of-the-art methods.

Parent-perceived oral habits among a group of school children: prevalence and predictors

PurposePracticing oral habits beyond the normal age range is assumed to be due to underlying psychological disturbance and could result in a deformation of the orofacial structure. The first step in managing such a health condition is to evaluate its size. Thus, this study aimed primarily to assess the prevalence of oral habits among a group of school children aged from 5 to 7 years, in Cairo, Egypt. The secondary aim of the study was to investigate some possible related predictors along with the mother’s perception of the child’s oral health-related quality of life.MethodsA Google form questionnaire was designed, utilizing the third domain of Nordic Orofacial Test-Screen (NOT-S), to assess the presence or absence of oral habits and their types, if reported. Also, there were two global rating items to test the child’s oral health-related quality of life from the mother’s prospection, along with one item to inquire if the mother thinks that the oral habits are harmful to the child. A total number of 23 schools in Cairo, Egypt were randomly selected, and the link to the Google form was distributed through the parent’s groups on social media. All high-quality complete responses were analyzed using the SPSS program, and a Log-binomial regression model was constructed, to determine the significant predictors of practicing oral habits in children.ResultsAmong the analyzed 1128 responses, the total number of answers to the third domain of interview part of NOT-S was 1235, with a response rate of (60.39%), no habits were reported in 635 children (51.4%), while nail biting was noted in 21.8%, bruxism in 17.9% and Sucking habits in 8.9%. In total, 63.8% of children who were reported by their parents to be the “only child” didn’t practice any habit, and a higher prevalence of oral habits was detected in children with siblings. There was no detectable association between the mother’s educational level and practicing any of the habits, although there was an association between the mother’s educational level and their awareness of the harmful effect of oral habits on the child. The mothers’ answers to the global rating items were not associated with any of the oral habits.ConclusionThe most prevalent oral habit in the current study was the nail-biting habit. The presence of other siblings and the number of siblings were contributory factors in the occurrence of oral habits, while mothers’ educational level was not associated with practicing oral habits. The mothers’ awareness of the harmful effect of oral habits on the children was not satisfactory, and there was no association between oral health-related quality of life and the children’s oral habits, from the mothers’ perspective.

The Clinician-reported Genetic testing Utility InDEx (C-GUIDE) for Prenatal Care: Initial evidence of content and construct validity

ObjectiveTo develop and assess the face and construct validity of the Clinician-reported Genetic testing Utility InDEX (C-GUIDETM) for genetic testing in prenatal care. MethodsFollowing a literature review and consultation with clinical experts, a preliminary draft of C-GUIDE Prenatal was developed. Its face and content validity were then assessed by 19 prenatal genetics’ providers using interviews and surveys. Feedback informed further revisions. To test construct validity, four geneticist raters completed C-GUIDE on a retrospective sample of cases that received prenatal genetic testing and completed a concurrent global assessment of utility of these cases using an anchor item. A generalized estimating equations model was used to adjust for rater correlation and measure the association between C-GUIDE scores, global item scores, and potential clinical variables. ResultsTo develop C-GUIDE Prenatal, 7 items were removed, 10 items were modified, and 4 items were added. For 101 cases rated for validation, on average, a 1-point increase in the global item score was associated with an increase of 1.1 in the C-GUIDE score (p=0.04). Compared to uninformative results, informative positive and informative negative results were associated with a mean increase of 10.7 (SE=1.05) (p<0.001) and 5.6 (SE=1.85) (p<0.001), respectively. As indications for testing, known/familial variants were associated with a mean increase in the C-GUIDE score of 4.7 (SE=2.21) (p < 0.001) compared to ultrasound findings. C-GUIDE scores increased by a mean of 3.0 (SE=0.23) among cases for whom pregnancies were ongoing compared to those for whom they were not (p<0.01). ConclusionsThe significant positive associations between C-GUIDE total and the global item score and between C-GUIDE total, result type, indication for testing, and pregnancy status in the expected directions provide evidence of construct validity.

HyperCLR: A Personalized Sequential Recommendation Algorithm Based on Hypergraph and Contrastive Learning

Sequential recommendations aim to predict users’ next interactions by modeling their interaction sequences. Most existing work concentrates on user preferences within these sequences, overlooking the complex item relationships across sequences. Additionally, these studies often fail to address the diversity of user interests, thus not capturing their varied latent preferences effectively. To tackle these problems, this paper develops a novel recommendation algorithm based on hypergraphs and contrastive learning named HyperCLR. It dynamically incorporates the time and location embeddings of items to model high-order relationships in user preferences. Moreover, we developed a graph construction approach named IFDG, which utilizes global item visit frequencies and spatial distances to discern item relevancy. By sampling subgraphs from IFDG, HyperCLR can align the representations of identical interaction sequences closely while distinguishing them from the broader global context on IFDG. This approach enhances the accuracy of sequential recommendations. Furthermore, a gating mechanism is designed to tailor the global context information to individual user preferences. Extensive experiments on Taobao, Books and Games datasets have shown that HyperCLR consistently surpasses baselines, demonstrating the effectiveness of the method. In particular, in comparison to the best baseline methods, HyperCLR demonstrated a 29.1% improvement in performance on the Taobao dataset.

Prevalence, Symptom Profiles, and Correlates of Mixed Anxiety-Depression in Male and Female Autistic Youth.

Relatively little attention has been given to mixed anxiety and depression in autistic youth, particularly how this differs between males and females. This study investigated sex-based differences in the prevalence and correlates of mixed anxiety and depression in a sample of 51 autistic males (M age = 10.16 yr, SD = 2.81 yr, and range = 6 yr to 17 yr) and 51 autistic females (M age = - 10.07 yr, SD = 2.76 yr, and range = 6 yr to 17 yr), matched for age, IQ, and autism severity. Self-reports on generalised anxiety disorder and major depressive disorder, morning salivary cortisol, ADOS-2 scores, and WASI-II full-scale scores were collected from these autistic youth, and data on the ASD-related symptoms of these youth were collected from their parents. The data were analysed for total anxiety-depression score levels, for the underlying components of this scale, and for the individual items used in the scale. The results indicate no significant sex differences for the prevalence of mixed anxiety and depression total scores or the underlying components of anxiety and depression or for the individual items of the mixed anxiety-depression scale. There were sex differences in the significant correlates of mixed anxiety and depression: morning cortisol and ASD-related difficulties in social interaction for females, and ASD-related behaviour for males. Males' feelings of being restless or edgy were correlated with their social interaction and repetitive and restricted behaviour. Females' difficulties in social interaction were correlated with their concerns about their abilities and their sleeping problems. Females' sleeping problems, their tendency to talk about dying, and feeling worthless, were correlated with their morning cortisol. These findings suggest that, while mixed anxiety and depression is experienced similarly by autistic males and females at the global, component, and individual item levels, specific aspects of the symptomatology of mixed anxiety and depression are differently associated with aspects of their ASD-related symptomatology and their levels of chronic physiological stress for males and females.

Assessment of the quality of guidelines on oral health care during pregnancy: a systematic review.

Importance of oral health during pregnancy has been well reported. To prevent the occurrence of oral diseases and maintenance of oral health, a number of guidelines have been developed by different organizations. However, despite numerous efforts in development of these guidelines, a critical evaluation of the quality of guidelines has not been carried out. Thus, we aimed to perform a systematic review to assess the quality of guidelines on oral health care during pregnancy. PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Cochrane Databases were electronically searched in March 2024. We included guidelines that were carried out within last 10 years and focused on oral health during pregnancy were included in this review. Guidelines focused for both oral health professionals and non-oral health professionals were included in this review. The assessment of the guidelines in this review was carried out using the AGREE II instrument. The four appraisers who carried out the assessment comprised of a gynecologists, a dental practioners, a public health expert and a dental public health professional. The instrument comprises of 23 key items within six domains and two additional global rating items. We included eight guidelines in this review. The AGREE II showed two domains with mean score of more than 70% scores across the guidelines. A comparative evaluation of all the guidelines revealed consistently higher scores in scope and purpose (81.71 + 6.3) and clarity of presentation (71.61 + 11.7). Lowest mean scores were reported for editorial independence (47.87 + 7.21) followed by rigour of development (56.19 + 16.97), applicability (57.50 + 13.7) and stakeholder involvement domain (63.17 + 14.31). Although many guidelines have demonstrated adherence to systematic methodologies, there still exists a scope of improvement in domains such as editorial independence, rigour of development, applicability and stakeholder involvement. Addressing these shortcomings is essential for promoting evidence-based oral health care practices and improving maternal and neonatal health outcomes.

Identification of goods using Global Trade Item Number for customs purposes

The article discusses a type of goods coding, the Global Trade Item Number (GTIN), and its use in identification for customs purposes. A study was conducted to identify product samples using the GTIN. Based on the study, conclusions were drawn about the effectiveness of the GTIN in identification for customs purposes.

Cross-cultural differences in diet and quality of life between Taiwanese and American women during breast cancer treatment.

e23187 Background: Limited research has examined the role of different food types (vegetables, fruits, meat, fat, and whole grains) on quality of life (QoL) among cancer patients undergoing active treatment. This study aimed to examine what different food intakes are associated with QoL among American and Taiwanese women who are newly diagnosed with breast cancer (BC). Methods: This ongoing observational study enrolled 77 American (Black, Latina, and non-Hispanic White) adult women from MedStar Georgetown University Hospital and 79 Taiwanese women from National Taiwan University Hospital. They were diagnosed with stage 0-III primary BC within six months prior to enrollment, were undergoing surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation, with no other cancers. Patient-reported overall health and QoL were assessed using the two global health items from the EORTC-QLQ30. Three random 24-hour diet recalls (two weekdays and one weekend) were administered using the NIH-developed ASA24 program. Linear regression was conducted to examine the associations between food categories and QoL outcome, adjusting for nationality, age, cancer stage, treatment type, body mass index, physical activities, financial problems, and appetite loss. Results: American and Taiwanese patients displayed differing food intake during BC treatment. Taiwanese patients consumed less starchy vegetables and total fat (both p &lt; .01) than American patients, on average. Multivariate results indicated that QoL was positively associated with higher total vegetable intake (excluding starchy vegetables and legumes; β = 5.38, 95% CI: 0.22, 1.20), controlling for other food types and covariates. Starchy vegetables and legumes showed non-significant negative effects on QoL. QoL was positively associated with total fat intake (β = 0.11, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.21). Total meat, fruit, and whole grain intakes were not significantly associated with QoL. Conclusions: The associations between food intakes and QoL were not affected by nationality, regardless of food type. Non-starchy vegetables and adequate total fat intakes may support BC patients undergoing treatments. More research is needed to verify the identified associations and explore how cancer treatment affects the digestion of certain food types and their potential impact on QoL. This study provides cross-cultural insights into potential nutritional influence on QoL among patients undergoing cancer treatment.

Patient interpretations of patient-reported outcome measures to assess bowel urgency: qualitative interviews in ulcerative colitis

ObjectivesBowel urgency is an impactful core symptom of ulcerative colitis (UC). Patient-reported outcome (PRO) questionnaires have been developed and used to assess the patient experience of this important symptom. The objective of this paper is to present evidence from qualitative research conducted to support the use and interpretation of select PRO questionnaires to assess bowel urgency related to the UC patient experience.MethodsQualitative interviews were conducted with ten adults with a clinician-confirmed diagnosis of moderately to severely active UC. Interviews aimed to document patient interpretation of modified recall periods for the Urgency Numeric Rating Scale (Urgency NRS), two global assessments (i.e., the Patient Global Impression of Severity [PGIS] and Patient Global Impression of Change [PGIC]), and four items (Items 11, 16, 23, and 26) of the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ), and explore the patient perspective of meaningful change on these questionnaires.ResultsBoth modified Urgency NRS versions (with 7-day or 3-day recall period) were interpreted as intended by most patients (≥ 88.9%), and slightly more than half of patients (60.0%) reported that the 7-day recall period was more relevant to their bowel urgency experience. Patients reported thinking of bowel urgency (≥ 80.0%) or bowel urgency-related accidents (70.0% of patients) when interpreting the global assessments and IBDQ items. Most patients reported a 1- to 3-point change as the smallest meaningful improvement that would be meaningful on the Urgency NRS (similar to findings on other questionnaires).ConclusionAdults with UC can understand and respond to the Urgency NRS with modified recall periods (i.e., 7-day or 3-day), interpret the conceptual content of the PGIS, PGIC, and select IBDQ items to be inclusive of bowel urgency and bowel urgency-related accidents, and select answers representing meaningful improvements on the Urgency NRS, PGIS, PGIC, and IBDQ item response scales. These results further contribute patient-centered data to existing UC and bowel urgency research.

Reliability of the quality of life-aged care consumers (QOL-ACC) and EQ-5D-5L among older people using aged care services at home

PurposeThe Quality of Life-Aged Care Consumers (QOL-ACC), a valid preference-based instrument, has been rolled out in Australia as part of the National Quality Indicator (QI) program since April 2023 to monitor and benchmark the quality of life of aged care recipients. As the QOL-ACC is being used to collect quality of life data longitudinally as one of the key aged care QI indicators, it is imperative to establish the reliability of the QOL-ACC in aged care settings. Therefore, we aimed to assess the reliability of the QOL-ACC and compare its performance with the EQ-5D-5L.MethodsHome care recipients completed a survey including the QOL-ACC, EQ-5D-5L and two global items for health and quality of life at baseline (T1) and 2 weeks later (T2). Using T1 and T2 data, the Gwet’s AC2 and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) were estimated for the dimension levels and overall scores agreements respectively. The standard error of measurement (SEM) and the smallest detectable change (SDC) were also calculated. Sensitivity analyses were conducted for respondents who did not change their response to global item of quality of life and health between T1 and T2.ResultsOf the 83 respondents who completed T1 and T2 surveys, 78 respondents (mean ± SD age, 73.6 ± 5.3 years; 56.4% females) reported either no or one level change in their health and/or quality of life between T1 and T2. Gwet’s AC2 ranged from 0.46 to 0.63 for the QOL-ACC dimensions which were comparable to the EQ-5D-5L dimensions (Gwet’s AC2 ranged from 0.52 to 0.77). The ICC for the QOL-ACC (0.85; 95% CI, 0.77–0.90) was comparable to the EQ-5D-5L (0.83; 95% CI, 0.74–0.88). The SEM for the QOL-ACC (0.08) was slightly smaller than for the EQ-5D-5L (0.11). The SDC for the QOL-ACC and the EQ-5D-5L for individual subjects were 0.22 and 0.30 respectively. Sensitivity analyses stratified by quality of life and health status confirmed the base case results.ConclusionsThe QOL-ACC demonstrated a good test-retest reliability similar to the EQ-5D-5L, supporting its repeated use in aged care settings. Further studies will provide evidence of responsiveness of the QOL-ACC to aged care-specific interventions in aged care settings.

Multi-perspective learning for enhanced user preferences for session-based recommendation

Due to the sparsity and anonymity of interactions within sessions, capturing user preferences by modeling item relationships poses a significant challenge. Previous methods have attempted to utilize collaborative information from adjacent sessions or item attribute knowledge as supplements. However, these methods are prone to introducing interfering information through their session similarity measurement strategies and attribute embedding learning processes, both requiring optimization. Moreover, they often fail to fully model global item relationships. To address these issues, we propose a novel method called Multi-perspective Learning for Enhanced User Preferences (MLEUP) for session-based recommendations. Specifically, we first construct reliable session groups by measuring the overlap and incompatibility of items across sessions to calculate session similarity. Then, by modeling attribute–item and attribute–attribute relationships, along with employing a neighbor-based contrastive self-supervised attribute learning task, we learn high-quality attribute embeddings that capture the user’s stable preferences. Next, leveraging the session groups, we model global item multi-granularity co-occurrence and high-order sequential relationships through designed attention layers, enabling us to learn informative item embeddings that represent the user’s dynamic preferences. Finally, we further model the correlated relationship between the two user preference representations. Our approach ensures that effective attribute knowledge and global collaborative information are learned to mitigate the data sparsity issue, while comprehensively modeling global item relationships to capture the user’s complex dynamic preferences. Experimental results demonstrate that MLEUP achieves state-of-the-art performance in terms of precision, MRR, and NDCG. The experimental datasets and source code of MLEUP are publicly available at https://github.com/lean030/MLEUP.

Further Evidence of Feasibility, Validity, and Reliability of Quality of Life-Aged Care Consumers: Evidence From Home-Based Care Settings

ObjectivesThe Quality of Life-Aged Care Consumers (QOL-ACC) is an aged-care-specific preference-based instrument currently being rolled out in residential care across Australia as part of the aged care Quality Indicator program. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive assessment of the feasibility, reliability, and construct validity of the QOL-ACC in a large national sample of older adults receiving aged care services at home. MethodsOlder adults receiving in-home aged care services completed a survey including the QOL-ACC, Quality of Care Experience-ACC, adult social care outcome tool, EQ-5D-5L, and 2 global single item measures of health and quality of life. Feasibility was assessed by missing responses (≤5%) and ceiling/floor effects (≤15%). Construct validity was assessed by exploring the relationship between the QOL-ACC and other instruments (convergent validity) and its ability to discriminate varying levels of self-rated health and quality of life (known-group validity). ResultsA total of 802 respondents (mean age, 74.5 ± 6.3 years; 56.0% females) completed the survey. The QOL-ACC had no missing responses, no floor effects, and very low ceiling effect (3.5%) and demonstrated moderate correlation with adult social care outcome tool (r = 0.59, P < .001), EQ-5D-5L (r = 0.65, P < .001), EQ-VAS (r = 0.53, P < .001), and a lower correlation with the QCE-ACC (r = 0.41, P < .001). Respondents with poor self-rated health and quality of life had significantly lower preference-weighted scores on the QOL-ACC. ConclusionsThe QOL-ACC demonstrated adequate feasibility, reliability, and construct validity in a large population of older people accessing government-subsidized aged care services at home. Further studies will explore the responsiveness of the QOL-ACC to aged-care-specific interventions both in home and residential aged care settings.

Identification of goods using the global trade item number for customs purposes

The article discusses one of the goods coding types, i.e. the Global Trade Item Number (GTIN), and its use for identification for customs purposes. A study was conducted to identify product samples using the GTIN. Based on the study, conclusions about the efficiency of the Global Trade Item Number for identification for customs purposes were drawn.

LGMRec: Local and Global Graph Learning for Multimodal Recommendation

The multimodal recommendation has gradually become the infrastructure of online media platforms, enabling them to provide personalized service to users through a joint modeling of user historical behaviors (e.g., purchases, clicks) and item various modalities (e.g., visual and textual). The majority of existing studies typically focus on utilizing modal features or modal-related graph structure to learn user local interests. Nevertheless, these approaches encounter two limitations: (1) Shared updates of user ID embeddings result in the consequential coupling between collaboration and multimodal signals; (2) Lack of exploration into robust global user interests to alleviate the sparse interaction problems faced by local interest modeling. To address these issues, we propose a novel Local and Global Graph Learning-guided Multimodal Recommender (LGMRec), which jointly models local and global user interests. Specifically, we present a local graph embedding module to independently learn collaborative-related and modality-related embeddings of users and items with local topological relations. Moreover, a global hypergraph embedding module is designed to capture global user and item embeddings by modeling insightful global dependency relations. The global embeddings acquired within the hypergraph embedding space can then be combined with two decoupled local embeddings to improve the accuracy and robustness of recommendations. Extensive experiments conducted on three benchmark datasets demonstrate the superiority of our LGMRec over various state-of-the-art recommendation baselines, showcasing its effectiveness in modeling both local and global user interests.

Mapping of the PROMIS global health measure to the PROPr in the United States

BackgroundThe Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement and Information System (PROMIS®) global health items (global-10) yield physical and mental health scale scores and the PROMIS-Preference (PROPr) scoring system estimated from PROMIS domain scores (e.g., PROMIS-29 + 2) produces a single score anchored by 0 (dead or as bad as being dead) to 1 (full health). A link between the PROMIS global-10 and the PROPr is needed.MethodsThe PROMIS-29 + 2 and the PROMIS global-10 were administered to 4102 adults in the Ipsos KnowledgePanel in 2022. The median age was 52 (range 18–94), 50% were female, 70% were non-Hispanic White, and 64% were married or living with a partner. The highest level of education completed for 26% of the sample was a high school degree or general education diploma and 44% worked full-time. We estimated correlations of the PROPr with the PROMIS global health items and the global physical and mental health scales. We examined the adjusted R2 and estimated correlations between predicted and observed PROPr scores.ResultsProduct-moment correlations between the PROMIS global health items and the PROPr ranged from 0.50 to 0.63. The PROMIS global physical health and mental health scale scores correlated 0.74 and 0.60, respectively, with the PROPr. The adjusted R2 in the regression of the PROPr on the PROMIS global health items was 64%. The equated PROPr preference scores correlated (product-moment) 0.80 (n = 4043; p < 0.0001) with the observed PROPr preference scores, and the intra-class correlation (two-way random effects model) was 0.80. The normalized mean absolute error (NMAE) was 0.45 (SD = 0.43). The adjusted R2 in the OLS regression of the PROPr on the PROMIS global health scales was 59%. The equated PROPr preference scores correlated (product-moment) was 0.77 (n = 4046; p < 0.0001) with the observed PROPr preference scores, and the intra-class correlation was 0.77. The NMAE was 0.49 (SD = 0.45).ConclusionsRegression equations provide a reasonably accurate estimate of the PROPr preference-based score from the PROMIS global health items or scales for group-level comparisons. These estimates facilitate cost-effectiveness research and meta-analyses. The estimated PROPr scores are not accurate enough for individual-level applications. Future evaluations of the prediction equations are needed.

Situated enactments of global competence in three schools in Victoria

ABSTRACT The OECD’s PISA is seen as a ‘global yardstick’ against which countries measure the quality of their education systems. In 2018 PISA included an assessment of global competence. This paper starts with the premise that in using a single global instrument to ‘measure’ this phenomenon, PISA claims standardisation over contextually rich data that can then inform policy and, arguably, in turn practice. Data for this study is based on tracking ‘global competence’ through documentary analysis, interviews, and then ‘survey encounters’ where PISA global competence questionnaire items were discussed by principals and teachers in three schools in Victoria, Australia. The analysis illustrates that schools and teachers variously educate for global competence according to the specific cultural context, policy and curriculum in ways that highlight the inadequacy of a global metric. With the growing attention to educating for global citizenship and the OECD’s development of global measures, this investigation of localised understandings of global competence magnifies the ‘situatedness’ of knowledge (and therefore assessment practices). Questions are raised about what is ignored in metrics when such a contested concept is operationalised, and points to the lack of validity of this metric because it de-contextualises how global competence is understood by teachers and enacted in curriculum.

Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of a self-administered Urdu version of the child oral impacts on daily performances index among 11-12-year-old children in Lahore, Pakistan.

The Child Oral Impacts on Daily Performances (Child-OIDP) index was developed to assess children's oral health-related quality of life. This study aimed to culturally adapt the self-administered Child-OIDP index into Urdu, evaluate its psychometric properties, and provide an initial estimate of oral impacts among 11-12-year-old children in Lahore, Pakistan. The translation of the Child-OIDP index from English to Urdu was performed, and the content and face validity of the initial Urdu version were evaluated by experts and 11-12-year-old children, respectively. The psychometric properties of the Urdu Child-OIDP were assessed by administering the index to 264 children aged 11-12 from five schools in the Lahore district. Psychometric properties were evaluated using criterion and construct validity, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and global self-rated oral items, followed by an oral examination. The standardized Cronbach's alpha was 0.77, and the weighted Kappa was 0.94 (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.98). The index exhibited significant associations with subjective outcome measures, dental problem history, and dental caries status (p = 0.001). Children reporting poor oral health, lower satisfaction with oral health, and experiencing oral impacts demonstrated higher Child-OIDP scores. Additionally, children with dental caries and perceived treatment needs exhibited higher Child-OIDP scores, indicating poorer Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL). The prevalence of oral impacts was 88.3% (mean score = 17.8, standard deviation (SD) =14.7). Eating performance was the most affected while speaking was the performance least affected, while toothache and sensitive teeth were identified as the two most common causes of oral impacts. Toothache was the primary cause of condition-specific impacts, responsible for the majority of oral impacts. This study demonstrates that the self-administered Urdu Child-OIDP index is a valid and reliable tool for assessing OHRQoL among 11-12-year-old children in Lahore, Pakistan.

H3GNN: Hybrid Hierarchical HyperGraph Neural Network for Personalized Session-based Recommendation

Personalized Session-based recommendation (PSBR) is a general and challenging task in the real world, aiming to recommend a session’s next clicked item based on the session’s item transition information and the corresponding user’s historical sessions. A session is defined as a sequence of interacted items during a short period. The PSBR problem has a natural hierarchical architecture in which each session consists of a series of items, and each user owns a series of sessions. However, the existing PSBR methods can merely capture the pairwise relation information within items and users. To effectively capture the hierarchical information, we propose a novel hierarchical hypergraph neural network to model the hierarchical architecture. Moreover, considering that the items in sessions are sequentially ordered, while the hypergraph can only model the set relation, we propose a directed graph aggregator (DGA) to aggregate the sequential information from the directed global item graph. By attentively combining the embeddings of the above two modules, we propose a framework dubbed H3GNN (Hybrid Hierarchical HyperGraph Neural Network). Extensive experiments on three benchmark datasets demonstrate the superiority of our proposed model compared to the state-of-the-art methods, and ablation experiment results validate the effectiveness of all the proposed components.

Comparison of patient-reported outcomes measurement information system (PROMIS®)-29 and PROMIS global physical and mental health scores

PurposeThe Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement and Information System (PROMIS®): includes the PROMIS-29 physical and mental health summary and the PROMIS global physical and mental health scores. It is unknown how these scores coincide with one another. This study examines whether the scores yield similar or different information.MethodsThe PROMIS-29 and the PROMIS global health items were administered to 5804 adults from Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk) in 2021–2022 and to 4060 adults in the Ipsos KnowledgePanel (KP) in 2022.ResultsThe median age of those in MTurk (KP) was 36 (54) and 53% (50%) were male. Mean T-scores on the PROMIS-29 and PROMIS global physical health scales were similar, but PROMIS global mental health was 3–4 points lower than the PROMIS-29 mental health summary score. Product-moment correlations ranged from 0.69 to 0.81 between the PROMIS-29 physical health and PROMIS global physical health scales and 0.56–0.69 between the mental health scales. Multi-trait multimethod analyses indicated that only a small proportion of the correlations between the two methods of measuring mental health were significantly more highly correlated with one another than correlations between physical and mental health.ConclusionsPROMIS-29 and PROMIS global mental health scales provide different information and, therefore, study conclusions may vary depending on which measure is used. Interpretation of results needs to consider that the PROMIS-29 mental health scale is a weighted combination of specific domains while the PROMIS global mental health scale is based on general mental health perceptions. Further comparisons of methods of assessing mental health are needed.

Development and psychometric testing of a Chinese version of the postnatal care experience scale for postpartum women

BackgroundPostnatal period is a critical transitional phase in the lives of mothers and newborn babies. In recent years the importance on promoting a positive experience of care following childbirth is increasingly emphasized. Yet published evidence of the methodological and psychometric quality of instruments to evaluate women’s experience of comprehensive postnatal care is still lacking.ObjectiveThis study aimed to develop and validate a unique scale (the Chinese version of the Postnatal Care Experience Scale, PCES) to measure women’s overall experience of care during postnatal periods.MethodsThe PCES instrument was developed and validated over three phases, including item development, scale development, and scale evaluation. The item pool of the PCES was generated through existing literature and in-depth semi-structured interviews, followed by assessment of content validity and rating of importance and feasibility of items through two-round Delphi surveys. Psychometric properties were examined in a convenience sample of 736 postpartum women. Both exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were conducted to assess the construct validity of the developed PCES. The relationship between the total PCES score and the global item construct was estimated using Pearson product-moment coefficient. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha and Spearman Brown coefficients.ResultsThe content validity index of the Chinese version PCES was 0.867. Following item reduction analysis, this instrument consisted of 30 five-point Likert items. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin statistic was 0.964 and the chi-square value of the Bartlett spherical test was 11665.399 (P < .001). The scale explained 75.797% of the total variance and consisted of three subscales, including self-management, social support, and facility- and community-based care. The Pearson correlation coefficient between the total PCES score and the global item construct was 0.909. The CFA showed that the 3-factor model had suitable fitness for the data. Cronbach’s alpha value and Spearman-Brown Split-half reliability for the total scale were 0.979 and 0.941, respectively.ConclusionsThe newly developed 30-item PCES is a psychometrically reliable and valid instrument that assesses women’s overall experience of postnatal care. Future research should aim to use the PCES in various populations to obtain further evidence for its validity and reliability.