Global Insight Research Articles

Meta-analyses of Culex blood-meals indicates strong regional effect on feeding patterns.

Understanding host utilization by mosquito vectors is essential to assess the risk of vector-borne diseases. Many studies have investigated the feeding patterns of Culex mosquitoes by molecular analysis of blood-meals from field collected mosquitoes. However, these individual small-scale studies only provide a limited understanding of the complex host-vector interactions when considered in isolation. Here, we analyse the Culex blood-feeding data from 109 publications over the last 15 years to provide a global insight into the feeding patterns of Culex mosquitoes, with particular reference to vectors of currently emerging Culex-borne viruses such as West Nile and Usutu. Data on 29990 blood-meals from 70 different Culex species were extracted from published literature. The percentage of blood-meals on amphibian, avian, human, non-human mammalian, and reptilian hosts was determined for each Culex species. Our analysis showed that feeding patterns were not significantly explained by mosquito species-level phylogeny, indicating that external factors play an important role in determining mosquito feeding patterns. For Cx. quinquefasciatus, 'Cx. pipiens pooled', and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, feeding patterns were compared across the world's seven biogeographical realms. Culex tritaeniorhynchus, 'Cx. pipiens pooled' and Cx. quinquefasciatus all had significantly varied feeding patterns between realms. These results demonstrate that feeding patterns of Culex mosquitoes vary between species but can also vary between geographically distinct populations of the same species, indicating that regional or population-level adaptations are major drivers of host utilization. Ultimately, these findings support the surveillance of vector-borne diseases by specifying which host groups are most likely to be at risk.

Strategies to promote cervical screening for an aging demographic: a global insight

Strategies to promote cervical screening for an aging demographic: a global insight

Global insight into rare disease and orphan drug definitions: a systematic literature review

ObjectivesThis study sheds light on the available global definitions, classifications, and criteria used for rare diseases (RDs), ultrarare diseases (URDs), orphan drugs (ODs) and ultraorphan drugs (UODs) and provides insights...

Smart ASN Character Building of Forest Ecosystem Control Functional Officials Through Functional Training Ministry of Environment and Forestry

Forest ecosystem control functional officials (PF PEH) are required to have an ASN character that can adapt to the times and be able to serve the community around the forest well. This study aims to shape the character of Smart ASN PF PEH First Expert in functional training. The study was conducted qualitatively with a literature study by analyzing training subjects that have Smart ASN values. The formation of Smart ASN character in task insight training subjects are the values of nationalism, friendliness, integrity, networking and entrepreneurship. The training course on the implementation of forest ecosystem control contains the values of global insight and IT mastery, whereas forest ecosystem control development training subjects contain the values of IT mastery. Mastery of foreign language values in Smart ASN is shown in the requirements for participants with undergraduate or diploma IV qualifications. Furthermore, these functional officials are also expected to continue improving soft skills to support hard skills in these aspects of Smart ASN.

Chlamydia infection with vaccination asymptotic for qualitative and chaotic analysis using the generalized fractal fractional operator

In this work, we solve a system of fractional differential equations utilizing a Mittag-Leffler type kernel through a fractal fractional operator with two fractal and fractional orders. A six-chamber model with a single source of chlamydia is studied using the concept of fractal fractional derivatives with nonsingular and nonlocal fading memory. The fractal fractional model of the Chlamydia system can be solved by using the characteristics of a non-decreasing and compact mapping. A suggested model with the Lipschitz criteria and linear growth is studied both qualitatively and quantitatively, taking into account boundedness, uniqueness, and positive solutions at equilibrium points with Leray-Schauder results under time scale concepts. We examined the framework of local and global stability and insight into Lyapunov function properties for the infectious disease model. Chaos Control will employ the regulate for linear responses approach to stabilize the system following its equilibrium points. This will take into consideration a fractional order framework with a managed design, where solutions are bounded in the feasible domain and have a greater impact at the lower minimum infectious rate. To illustrate the implications of fractional and fractal dimensions with varying interest rate values through simulations with Newton’s polynomial method under the Mittag-Lefller kernel. Additionally, a comparative analysis of results is also derived by employing power and exponential decay kernels at various fractional orders.

Membangun Wawasan Global Warga Negara Muda melalui Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Global di Indonesia

This article aims to describe the global insights of young citizens and the conceptual framework of global citizenship education in Indonesia. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with a literature study method carried out through several stages ranging from collecting, analyzing, to interpreting data from various written sources, such as books, journal articles, research reports, and other documents. Global insight includes not only knowledge of international events, but also an in-depth understanding of how those events are interrelated and impact everyday life in different parts of the world. In this era, young people must be able to think critically and be adaptive to global changes, as well as have high social awareness to be able to contribute positively in a global society. Global awareness includes cultural awareness, interconnectivity, global identity, social responsibility and critical thinking skills. All these dimensions aim to equip youth with the necessary skills to participate in a global society and deal with international issues. In the Indonesian curriculum, global citizenship education needs to be integrated with relevant approaches through thematic learning, collaborative projects, and the use of technology, aligned with the standards set by UNESCO to encourage awareness and active participation in global issues. This approach includes a number of key elements designed to improve learners' understanding, skills and attitudes in an interconnected global context.

A Strategic Framework of SARS-CoV-2 Genomic Surveillance in Bangladesh.

The global pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has underlined the significance of strict genomic surveillance to track virus evolution and the possible emergence of new variants, particularly in densely populated countries like Bangladesh. This study outlines a strategic framework of genomic surveillance to track the evolution of the virus in Bangladesh between June 2021 and December 2022 through the National SARS-CoV-2 Variant Surveillance (NSVS) program involving collaboration across 4 major institutes and 13 hospitals nationwide. We aimed to capture the variants of SARS-CoV-2 throughout the country utilizing standardized procedures, modern sequencing technology, and stringent quality control, promoting data accuracy and the timely detection of new variants of concern. We sequenced over 2200 genomes, documenting the prevalence of the Delta variant initially, followed by the emergence of Omicron variants BA.1, BA.2, BA.5, and XBB, each affecting transmission rates and vaccine efficacy differently. The clinical manifestations of the variants differed, with some symptoms occurring more frequently in Delta cases and vice versa. Vaccinated individuals were more affected by Omicron cases compared to Delta cases. These variants were responsible for two major COVID-19 waves in the country, each with significant clinical effects. Phylogenetic analyses placed the local SARS-CoV-2 variants within a global context, indicating the Delta variant likely entered from India and Omicron from Europe. This research highlights the significance of collaborative surveillance strategies for guiding public health choices and the critical role of genomic analysis in monitoring virus evolution, shaping targeted pandemic responses. Bangladesh's contributions significantly enhance global insight into COVID-19's genomic evolution.

Photoageing and durability of a polyester-melamine organic coating on steel: New insight into degradation mechanisms

This study aims to understand the behaviour of a polyester-melamine coating subjected to accelerated artificial photooxidative ageing using analysis at different scales (from molecular to macroscopic) with different techniques (IR, DSC, GC, etc.) and to gain global insight into its degradation. The samples were studied in self-standing films and on coated steel plates with a coating thickness of 25 µm. Two formulations (with and without antioxidant) were characterised, focusing on the degradation of the material under accelerated artificial photoageing. The mechanism of photodegradation of polyester-melamine was investigated by performing different analyses. It was also shown that the stabilising effect of the antioxidant is detected only at the molecular scale (kinetics with IR) but not at the macromolecular or macroscopic scale.

D-Net: A dual-encoder network for image splicing forgery detection and localization

Many detection methods based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been proposed for image splicing forgery detection. Most of these methods focus on validating local patches or local objects. We regard image splicing forgery detection as a binary classification task that distinguishes tampered and non-tampered regions by forensic fingerprints rather than semantic features. As the network goes deep, its representation ability becomes strong. However, the non-semantic forensic fingerprints can hardly be retained by normal CNNs in deep layers. We proposed a novel dual-encoder network (D-Net) for image splicing forgery detection to resolve these issues, employing an unfixed and a fixed encoder. The unfixed encoder autonomously learns the image fingerprints that differentiate between the tampered and non-tampered regions, whereas the fixed encoder intentionally provides structural information that assists the learning and detection of the forgeries. This dual-encoder is followed by a spatial pyramid global-feature extraction module that expands the global insight of D-Net for classifying the tampered and non-tampered regions more accurately. In an experimental comparison study of D-Net and state-of-the-art methods, D-Net, without pre-training or training on a large number of forgery images, outperformed the other methods in pixel-level forgery detection. Moreover, it is stably robust to different anti-forensic attacks.

The First Global Insight of Cirrus Clouds Characterized by Hollow Ice Crystals From Space‐Borne Lidar

AbstractCirrus clouds often contain numerous hollow ice crystals, which are distinct in scattering properties from solid ice crystals, and will be challenging to microphysical retrieval and radiative forcing assessment. Currently, hollow ice crystals have not been observed by remote sensing methods, and the estimation of their hollowness is a complex task. To address this issue, the Mixed Modal Hollow Columns (MMHC) model for hollow ice crystals is introduced, and its backscattering properties are computed using the physical optics approximation method. Through comparison with spaceborne lidar observations, we identify a specific type of cirrus associated with the MMHC model for the first time. The visible optical depth of this cirrus is less than or equal to 0.1, and the temperature is between −60 and −40°C. The MMHC characteristic cirrus clouds are prevalent in middle and high latitudes but less common in low latitudes. They exhibit distinct patterns in terms of sea and land distribution as well as seasonal variation.

Land conversion to agriculture induces taxonomic homogenization of soil microbial communities globally

Agriculture contributes to a decline in local species diversity and to above- and below-ground biotic homogenization. Here, we conduct a continental survey using 1185 soil samples and compare microbial communities from natural ecosystems (forest, grassland, and wetland) with converted agricultural land. We combine our continental survey results with a global meta-analysis of available sequencing data that cover more than 2400 samples across six continents. Our combined results demonstrate that land conversion to agricultural land results in taxonomic and functional homogenization of soil bacteria, mainly driven by the increase in the geographic ranges of taxa in croplands. We find that 20% of phylotypes are decreased and 23% are increased by land conversion, with croplands enriched in Chloroflexi, Gemmatimonadota, Planctomycetota, Myxcoccota and Latescibacterota. Although there is no significant difference in functional composition between natural ecosystems and agricultural land, functional genes involved in nitrogen fixation, phosphorus mineralization and transportation are depleted in cropland. Our results provide a global insight into the consequences of land-use change on soil microbial taxonomic and functional diversity.

Supporting athletes during a challenging situation: recommendations from a global insight of COVID-19 home-based training experience.

For athletes, overcoming obstacles in challenging situations like pandemic home training is crucial. Strategies and approaches in this context are not well-documented. Our study aims to investigate such a scenario from a performance standpoint, based on a major global crisis: the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown. This cross-sectional study surveyed athletes without disabilities using online questionnaires (35 languages) from May to July 2020. Questions included aspects of alternative routines, training monitoring, recovery, sleep patterns, injury occurrence/prevention based on structured answers, and an open-ended question on lockdown training experiences. Of the 11,762 athletes from 142 countries, 63% were male, including at World-Class, International, National, State and Recreational levels. During lockdown, 25% athletes used innovative or modern ways to maintain or improve fitness e.g., virtual reality and tracking devices (favoring World-Class level, 30%). Many athletes, regardless of gender (43%) watched video competitions to improve/maintain their mental skills and performance [World-Class (47%) and International (51%)]. Contact frequency between athletes and their coaches was mainly at least once a week (36%), more among higher-level (World-Class/International) than lower-level athletes (27 vs. 16%). Higher-level athletes (≥ 54%) monitored training load and were assisted by their coaches (21%). During lockdown, stretching (67%) was considered one of the primary means of recovery, especially for higher-level athletes (> 70%). Compared to pre-lockdown, about two-thirds of athletes reported "normal" or "improved" sleep quality and quantity, suggesting a low sleep quality pre-lockdown. On average, 40% utilized injury prevention exercises (at least) once a week [World-Class (51%) and International (39%)]. Most injury occurrences during lockdown involved the knee (18%), ankle (16%), and back (9%). Four key themes emerged regarding lockdown experiences: remote training adaptation (e.g., shifting training focus), training creativity (e.g., using household items), performance enhancement opportunities (e.g., refocusing neglected aspects), and mental and motivation challenges. Both male and female athletes, particularly those of higher levels, displayed some adaptalibity during the COVID-19 lockdown, employing innovative approaches and technology for training. Many athletes implemented load monitoring, recovery, and attentive of injury prevention, while optimizing their sleep quality and quantity. Athletes demonstrated their abilities to navigate challenges, and utilized different coping strategies in response to the lockdown's constraints.

Assessing inflation and greenhouse gas emissions interplay via neural network analysis: a comparative study of energy use in the USA, EU, and China

This study examines the relationship between inflation and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in three major economies: the United States of America (USA), the European Union (EU), and China. The analysis spans from 1960 to 2021 for the USA and EU, and from 1971 to 2021 for China. A feedforward neural network model, optimized using the Levenberg–Marquardt backpropagation algorithm, was employed to predict GHG emissions based on annual inflation rates and fossil fuel energy consumption. The study integrates historical data on inflation trends with GHG emissions, measured in CO2 equivalents, and fossil fuel energy consumption, expressed as a percentage of total energy use. This multidimensional approach allows for a nuanced understanding of the economic-environmental interplay in these regions. Key findings indicate a nonlinear response of GHG emissions to inflation rates. In the USA, GHG emissions begin to decrease when inflation rates exceed 4.7%. Similarly, in the EU, a steep reduction in emissions is observed beyond a 7.5% inflation rate. China presents a more complex pattern, with two critical inflection points: the first at a 4.5% inflation rate, where GHG emissions start to decline sharply, and the second at a 7% inflation rate, beyond which further increases in inflation do not significantly reduce emissions. A critical global insight is the identification of a uniform inflation rate, around 4.4%, across all regions, at which GHG emissions consistently increase by 1%, hinting at a shared global economic behavior impacting the environment. This discovery is vital for policymakers, emphasizing the need for tailored regional strategies that consider unique economic structures, energy policies, and environmental regulations, alongside a coordinated global approach.

Analisis Pengalaman Pengguna Pada Aplikasi Dompet Digital X Menggunakan User Experience Questionnaire

Digital wallet is an application that resides on a smartphone that can be used for transactions without using money cash. Referring to a survey conducted by Global Consumer insight (PwC, 2019), “Along with the growing number of active mobile internet users in Indonesia, the number of mobile payment users has also experienced growth.” One of the factors that influence user interest in continuing to use an application is the user's perception or experience. The purpose of this research is to determine the level of user experience aspects in the current X digital wallet, as well as determine aspects of the user experience that need to be improved using the User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ). “The population of this research is X digital wallet users using simple random sampling technique. Data analysis was performed using the UEQ Data Analysis Tool. The results of this study were found that the perspicuity aspect got a value of 1.25 or above average. The attractiveness, efficiency, dependability, and stimulation and novelty aspects respectively scored 0.90, 1.01 and 0.80, 0.89 and 0.52 or below average.” The recommendations in this study are expected to become one of the considerations for X digital wallet stakeholders to improve the X user experience. Keywords : Digital Wallet, User Experience, UEQ, UEQ Data Analysis Tool

Treatment and management of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH):A global cross-sectional scientific survey (CLARITY).

Advances in the treatment of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) over the past decade changed the disease landscape, yet global insight on clinical practices remains limited. The CTEPH global cross-sectional scientific survey (CLARITY) aimed to gather information on the current diagnosis, treatment, and management of CTEPH and to identify unmet medical needs. This paper focuses on the treatment and management of CTEPH patients. The survey was circulated to hospital-based medical specialists through Scientific Societies and other medical organizations from September 2021 to May 2022. The majority of the 212 respondents involved in the treatment of CTEPH were from centers performing up to 50 pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) and/or balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) procedures per year. Variation was observed in the reported proportion of patients deemed eligible for PEA/BPA, as well as those that underwent the procedures, including multimodal treatment and subsequent follow-up practices. Prescription of pulmonary arterial hypertension-specific therapy was reported for a variable proportion of patients in the preoperative setting and in most nonoperable patients. Reported use of vitamin K antagonists and direct oral anticoagulants was similar (86% vs. 82%) but driven by different factors. This study presents heterogeneity in treatment approaches for CTEPH, which may be attributed to center-specific experience and region-specific barriers to care, highlighting the need for new clinical and cohort studies, comprehensive clinical guidelines, and continued education.

The Potential Interactive Digital Teaching Material on Cell Metabolism as a Bridge of Cognitive Processes Toward Student Learning Achievement

Education in the era of digital technology has become a challenge for teachers and lecturers in how this technology can develop comprehensive knowledge and global insight. The purpose of this study is to improve learning achievement through the cognitive process of students in cell metabolism lectures using Interactive Digital Teaching Material (IDTM). The study involved 40 Biology Education students who were taking the third semester at one of the Private Universities in Bandung, West Java. The implementation of lectures and instruments to measure students' cognitive processes is based on the framework of the 1992 Marzano Learning Dimension. The results of the analysis showed that the N-gain value of Acquire and Integrate Knowledge and Extend and Refine Knowledge obtained a percentage of (28%-26%) on low criteria. While Using knowledge with a percentage of N-gain value (32%) on medium criteria. These results illustrate that IDTM facilitates students to train their cognitive processes toward better learning achievement

Learning from medical and surgical errors: a new global insight for patients safety.

Medical errors are a pressing global public health challenge today, causing a 10% annual incidence of adverse events, increased patient mortality, and incredibly high costs for healthcare systems worldwide. The Journal of Medical and Surgical Errors’ mission is to recognize, report, and discuss errors through a multidisciplinary approach in order to both minimize error recurrence and enhance patient safety. By investigating the factors influencing error recurrences and effective preventive strategies, we aim to contribute to the reduction of preventable medical errors. Our role extends beyond mere publications; it is a commitment to transformative change in the approach to errors in healthcare. We invite researchers to contribute to building a comprehensive body of knowledge that advances our understanding of errors in medicine and surgery. Together, let us shape a future where transparency, learning, and patient safety are paramount in medical practice.

Enhancing global insight into AMR spread and generation: prospects and limitations of the WHO and quadripartite research agendas.

In Summer 2023, the World Health Organisation (WHO) and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)-United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) WHO-World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) Quadripartite published two separate research agendas on antimicrobial resistance (AMR). While the publication of these research agendas on AMR creates a significant opportunity to align research priorities internationally, we emphasize a number of limitations. Firstly, the production of two separate AMR research agendas, in human health and One Health, rather than one integrated research agenda, risks the continued deprioritization of the One Health agenda. Furthermore, neither research agenda addressed the need to study the relationship between climate change and AMR despite growing evidence to suggest this may be significant. Finally, there are also missed opportunities in directing the study of appropriate treatment regimens and in clarifying the overall most resource-efficient path to combatting AMR. Moving forward, the international research agenda for AMR needs to be continually redefined in an inclusive, transparent and independent manner. This could be the task of the proposed, but so far not realized, Independent Panel on Evidence for Action against AMR.

Whole-genome sequencing and transcriptome-characterized mechanism of streptomycin resistance in Vibrio parahaemolyticus O10: K4

Streptomycin resistance in V. parahaemolyticus has been widespread in both clinical and environmental isolates. Therefore, it is of great significance to characterize the mechanism of streptomycin resistance in V. parahaemolyticus. O10:K4 has emerged and becoming the new dominant serotype since 2020. In this study, we isolated a total of 36 strains of V. parahaemolyticus O10:K4 from 2020 to 2022 and found that more than half of them were resistant to streptomycin. We obtained streptomycin resistant and sensitive strains by detecting the resistance profiles. Whole-genome sequencing showed that VP_RS10735 and VP_RS05605 were the predominant mutations in streptomycin resistant O10:K4 clinical isolates. In addition, this study provided global insight into the characteristics of the transcriptome signature of streptomycin resistance, revealing that efflux transporters play a key role in streptomycin resistance. Finally, we found that streptomycin resistant strain was more virulent than sensitive strain. The results of this study should advance our understanding of the mechanisms of aminoglycoside resistance.

Rekonstruksi Materi Pembinaan Pendidikan Islam Masa Nabi di Tengah Dekadensi Moral Pada Era Disrupsi

The purpose of this research is to reconstruct the material for fostering Islamic education during the Prophet's era for students in the midst of moral decadence in the era of disruption. This research uses a qualitative type method, with a library research approach, using content analysis data analysis techniques. Islamic education materials in the current era must be adaptive to the times, but still pay attention to the essence and basic foundation that must be owned by students, who adhere to the values of Islamic education. The results of this study explain that the reconstruction of Islamic education materials in the era of disruption is 1) having a strong and high awareness and belief in faith; 2) having global insight that still adheres to the values of Islamic education; 3) having foresight; 4) mastering science and technology and achieving; and 5) implementing morals in accordance with the guidance of the Prophet Saw.