Global Innovation Research Articles

Innovation for Economic Growth: G7 vs E7

Purpose: The main objective of this research is to examine the impact of R&D expenditures and Global Innovation Index ranking on per capita income in E7 and G7 country groups.
 Methodology: Logistic regression model was used as the research method in the study. Stata 18 Data Analysis and Statistical Software Program was used in the analysis of the data. At the hand of Stata 18 Data Analysis and Statistical Software Program, regression analysis was used to estimate the possible and unknown effects of independent variables on the dependent variable. During the collection of the data used in the study, the archive scanning method, which is one of the qualitative research methods, was used. Archival reports and official records were also used in the study. 
 Findings: According to the research results, 83.56% of the model is explained by explanatory variables. With all other explanatory variables constant, a 1% increase in R&D expenditure will result in an increase of 0.5243% on GDP per capita. At the same time, this coefficient gives the flexibility of GDP per capita relative to R&D expenditure (%GDP). It is also found out that there is a positive relationship between GDP per capita and R&D expenditure and also, there is a negative relationship between GDP per capita-GII ranking. In this study, which deals with the innovation efficiency of the G7 countries and the E7 countries, and the effect of this performance on the GDP per capita, it is seen that the G7 countries spend more on innovation.
 Originality: It contributes to the literature as there is no other study in the literature that deals with per capita income, Global Innovation Index ranking and R&D expenditures comparatively between the G7 and E7.

Agricultural enterprise economic security systems modelling

The research relevance was determined by the current conditions of economic instability and the growing influence of external factors on the economic activities of enterprises, understanding and effective management of economic security issues is becoming extremely important for ensuring the sustainability of agricultural enterprises. The study aimed to provide a comprehensive analysis of the economic security of an agricultural enterprise, focusing on identifying key aspects and their impact on the sustainability and viability of the enterprise. The study employed an analytical method, statistical method, functional method, system analysis method, deduction method, synthesis method and comparison method. This study focuses on the economic security of agricultural enterprises, considering the complex aspects of efficiency, risk protection and the ability to adapt to changes in the economic environment. The study defines economic security as a systematic approach to risk management and sustainability. Particular attention is devoted to responding to changes in the external environment, such as price fluctuations, climate anomalies and global market trends. Theoretical models, such as the risk system model, effective resource management, innovative development, and global competitiveness, which determine various aspects of economic security, were considered. The study focuses on the financial condition of the agricultural company Kernel, which proved to be dynamic and ambiguous in 2020-2023. The analysis includes factors such as the impact of geopolitical events and economic instability due to the war. The company implements strategies for global competitiveness, demonstrating flexibility, innovation, and diversification to ensure sustainability. Strategies are proposed to expand production diversification, improve risk management, and use innovative technologies to adapt to climate change. The practical application of this study lies in the possibility of using the results and recommendations developed on their basis to improve the economic security systems of agricultural enterprises

R&D Expenditures-Innovation Relationship: Panel Data Analysis for Selected Countries

In the study, the concept of innovation, which is an important phenomenon in the process of economic growth and development, has been analyzed. This study aims to reveal the relationship between innovation, which is an important factor in economic development and growth, and research and development expenditures. In the study, an econometric model was established in order to determine the effect of research and development expenditures on innovation. In this model, the number of domestic patent applications was taken to represent innovation as the dependent variable. As independent variables; R&D expenditures and gross capital data were used. Panel data analysis was conducted for the sample of 35 countries, covering the period 2000-2019. The country sample was formed from among the top 49 countries whose data is available in the 2022 global innovation index ranking.
 In the analysis, it has been concluded that R&D expenditures have a significant positive effect on innovation. The gross capital variable, on the other hand, negatively affects the patent variable, which represents innovation. In the study, it was concluded that R&D expenditures have a significant positive effect on innovation. In order to increase innovation, countries should first allocate more resources to research and development activities.

What Influences Innovation Score for Countries at Different Levels of Development? Examining the Effects of Teaching, Research and Knowledge Transfer

We examine whether all three roles of universities (education, research and development, and collaboration with industry for knowledge transfer) are essential for a country’s innovation relative to other countries and its peers. The study employs OLS and path analysis to determine the significant indicators affecting the global innovation score of 131 countries, with details for each quartile of countries (by income). The study used expenses on education, government funding of secondary education, tertiary enrolment, graduates in science and technology, number of researchers, expenditures on R&D, university ranking, and university–industry collaborations as the eight explanatory variables, proxies for the three roles. At a global level, the findings reveal that a country’s innovation rank is based on all these three roles but only six of the explanatory variables. An income quartile-wise analysis indicates that innovation scores may not include the three functions. The negative impact of primary and secondary education is significant only for upper-middle-income countries. Knowledge transfer influences innovation scores mainly in very high-income countries. Within low-middle-income countries, primarily tertiary enrolment (education) affects the innovation score. Therefore, the study recommends that policymakers who seek to improve their country’s innovation scores should look at what their peer group countries are doing.

Priorities for Pan-American Geography Education: Needs and Trends

Geography education research in Latin America is uneven in terms of its thematic focus and country-level contributions. Research demonstrates the necessity for a region-wide prioritization of geography education themes that builds on existing scholarship and adapts to emerging needs and trends. The Pan-American Institute for Geography and History, a scholarly society, established a research team with a four-year charge of advancing geography education in the region. Titled “Geographic Literacy for the Countries of the Americas”, the initiative develops research agendas that encompass the diversity of definitions and criteria, scholarly activities, and curricular resources across countries. The purpose of this study is to follow the process of identifying geography education research priorities involving scholars representing most countries in the region; describe the priorities and activities identified by project team members; and discuss emerging long-term research agendas. The study uses a descriptive research design to describe the process in general and to specify the outcomes. Results show the prioritization of the four areas as follows: teaching geography online, teaching geography face-to-face, methodological foundations of geographic education, and connecting geography and education stakeholders. Activities and research agendas within these categories include both traditional, longstanding themes and emerging themes related to recent global crises and technological innovations.

Is worldwide patent protection converging? A cross-country index of patent protection strength 1990–2020

This paper introduces the International Patent Protection Strength (IPPS) index, a composite measure designed to assess global patent protection from the perspective of patent owners. Spanning 134 countries from 1990 to 2020, the IPPS index encompasses four dimensions—international mechanism, legislation, enforcement, and administration—constructed using standardized techniques recommended by the OECD. Results indicate global growth in patent protection strength until 2005, followed by a plateau with persistent disparities. Our findings also highlight the heterogeneity across countries and dimensions. In particular, variations in four dimensions are observed among countries at different income levels, with enforcement and administration being more pronounced, often due to resource constraints and a lack of willingness. Linear regression analysis demonstrates a positive and statistically significant relationship between the IPPS index and the Global Innovation Index (GII), affirming the correlation between patent protection strength and innovation. Sensitivity tests validate the robustness of country rankings across different weighting and aggregation methods. These results align with the viewpoint of some commentators who argue that a peaceful North-South dialogue requires introducing a development agenda that allows for affordable access, rather than solely extending intellectual property rights. The IPPS index serves as a valuable tool for policymakers, patent managers, and practitioners, enabling the identification of strengths and weaknesses in patent protection systems and informing targeted policy measures and strategic decision-making.

Revolutionizing finance: The synergy of fintech, digital adoption, and innovation

Amidst the transformative digital age, characterized by groundbreaking innovations and digital integration, this study makes an attempt to explore the multipronged connection between innovation, digital adoption, and fintech. The study employs novel and comprehensive indices, such as the Global Innovation Index, Digital Adoption Index, and the Global FinTech Index to provide a deeper understanding of the intricate relationship between these variables. Through robust exploratory data analysis (EDA), Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and log-linear cross-sectional regressions, the study identifies a strong association of these variables with the income and geographical positioning of the countries and that many themes of digital adoption and innovation are highly complementing in nature. The study also uncovers the bidirectional causality between innovation and digital adoption. However, the linkage of fintech development with these dimensions is less pronounced, particularly when accounting for control variables. Collectively, this research highlights the complexity of these associations in the financial ecosystem, emphasizing their significance for policymaking and fostering economic growth via innovation-driven fintech integration.

Y02 as Climate Praxis

This article introduces the recently adopted Y02 patent classification scheme, covering the broader cross-sectoral technologies that “allow adapting to the adverse effects of climate change,” and explores the relationship of this global innovation initiative to environmental design and planning praxis. The Y02 classification includes specific subcategories Y02A for “Technologies for Adaptation to Climate Change” and Y02B, “Climate Change Mitigation Technologies Related to Buildings,” making it highly relevant to the climate adaptation practices of architecture, landscape architecture, and planning. The YO2A and Y02B classification schemes (a subclass of Y02) were launched in 2018 and are now implemented by patent offices globally to categorize a range of adaptation technologies across sectors such as coastal systems, flood control, building systems, adaptation of existing infrastructure, green infrastructure, human health, and technologies for mapping and sensing the environment. Tagging and organizing patent innovations in this broad sector consolidates information on the subject, allows for the rapid diffusion of innovation, and builds adaptive capacity by creating a knowledge infrastructure and anticipatory framework for future technological trends. The fast pace of innovation in these sectors and the wealth of readily available information present the allied fields of environmental design and planning a distinct opportunity to integrate Y02A and Y02B into climate praxis. This article explores how innovation in these sectors may inform practices of scenario building in planning and design through discourse on probable, plausible, pluralistic, and performative futures. It elucidates the potential of these newly established patent classifications as an anticipatory framework for technological innovation in the built environment.

Emerging Markets and Global Innovation: Shifts in Leadership and Strategy

Emerging Markets and Global Innovation: Shifts in Leadership and Strategy

Nectarine powder of Bulgarian origin: Physicochemical composition, antioxidant activity, microbiological and sorption characteristics

One way to improve the quality of food products is by conducting more thorough research on regional foods. This approach has several benefits, such as promoting human health, supporting the local economy, and preserving cultural food traditions. In this regard, our study investigated the potential of nectarine powder as a regional fruit product that could be developed into a global innovation. The present study examined: the physicochemical composition, antioxidant activity, microbiological load, and adsorption and desorption characteristics of the nectarine powder. The fruit powder was acquired through the use of a heat pump dryer, where drying took place at 42 °C for a duration of 8 h until achieving a moisture content ranging from 13.5 % to 14.5 %. The approximate physicochemical values are as follows: proteins, total carbohydrates, crude fiber, ash content and total lipids. Microbiological parameters, namely the total count of mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms, yeasts and molds, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., coagulase-positive staphylococci, and coliforms were checked and found to be within the acceptable limits as stipulated by the relevant state standards. Antioxidant activity was demonstrated through the utilization of various methods, including DPPH (33.19 ± 0.09mMTE/g extract), ABRS (2.55 ± 0.05mMTE/g extract), FRAP (1.43 ± 0.03mMTE/g extract) and CUPRAC (0.83 ± 0.01mMTE/g extract) methods. Investigation of the mass transfer sorption characteristics is performed using the gravimetric-static method. The conditions of the experiment were selected according to the usual conditions in which the food products are found in the commercial depot. The equilibrium and monolayer moisture data are investigated at 10 °C, 25 °C and 40 °C and relative air humidity in the wide range from 11 % to 87 %, achieved by the salts saturated solutions. To depict the adsorption and desorption isotherms, the modified models of Halsey, Chung-Pfost, Henderson, and Oswin were selected.

Emerging Markets and Global Innovation: Shifts in Leadership and Strategy

Emerging Markets and Global Innovation: Shifts in Leadership and Strategy

Health Impacts of Ambient Air and Water Pollution

We know that pollution can have a negative impact on the overall health of an economy in terms of an increase in healthcare costs due to an increase in health diseases, reduced productivity: employees may be less productive if they are suffering from health problems caused by pollution. Additionally, pollution can damage crops and other natural resources, leading to reduced agricultural yields and other economic losses. Hence there is a relation between the two. But on which basis should we analyze this relation? The paper tries to answer the question that whether important criteria such as population, Human development, and global innovation affect the pollution of an economy which in turn causes severe health impacts. To answer the question, the paper studies the correlation among the countries across the world for the year 2019 ranked according to Human Development Index, Global Innovation Index, and population, and tries to understand how the ranking of the countries has an impact on pollution and how does that in return affect the health of the country. We conclude the paper with the reasons behind such relations and how to reduce the pollution effects on health.

Compete or not Evidence from global biopharmaceutical innovation and market

Compete or not Evidence from global biopharmaceutical innovation and market

A Systematic Literature Review of the IoT in Agriculture—Global Adoption, Innovations, Security, and Privacy Challenges

A Systematic Literature Review of the IoT in Agriculture—Global Adoption, Innovations, Security, and Privacy Challenges

ВІДНОВЛЕННЯ ТА РОЗВИТОК БІЗНЕСУ: МАРКЕТИНГОВІ ПІДХОДИ ДО РЕЗИЛЬЄНТНОСТІ СОЦІАЛЬНО-ЕКОНОМІЧНИХ СИСТЕМ

Amidst the persistent socio-economic challenges stemming from hostilities in Ukraine, domestic enterprises must consistently adapt their management decisions and marketing strategies to sustain viability, ensure demand, and enhance competitiveness. The accelerated development of digital technologies and the ongoing digitalization of society have significantly influenced business development in recent years. In response, enterprises need to swiftly identify threats and opportunities, respond instantly to new challenges, and adopt a proactive stance during their marketing activities. This article explores the state of entrepreneurial activity during military operations in Ukraine, revealing that enterprises continue to operate and contribute to the country's economic recovery. The study identifies the main challenges faced by Ukrainian enterprises in wartime conditions, including the loss of customers, declining sales, low solvency of the population, rising prices, a shortage of highly qualified specialists, and the restructuring of marketing activities within enterprises. Key factors contributing to the resilience of socio-economic systems are highlighted, encompassing state support, changes in the economic and social structure, infrastructure development, innovativeness, digitalization of the economy and business, funding opportunities, and international cooperation. The article also identifies essential factors that enable businesses to adapt to the resilience of socio-economic systems, such as the utilization of digital marketing technologies, integration of new platforms, investment in marketing technology and talented marketers, personalized marketing, periodic data collection and utilization, social responsibility, localization and globalization strategies, innovation, creativity, environmental awareness, and resilient marketing. The article proposes specific features for the formation of marketing strategies in the conditions of an economic crisis for the recovery and development of businesses in Ukraine. These features include a comprehensive understanding of the situation, adjustment of the current marketing strategy in accordance with new realities, emphasis on the company's values and mission, fostering innovation and adaptation (such as developing new products or modifying existing ones to meet evolving needs), strengthening online presence, implementing effective budget management, and integrating technology.

A mediated moderated analysis of knowledge management and stakeholder relationships between open innovation and performance of entrepreneurial firms

Even though entrepreneurial firms make substantial contributions to both domestic and global economies and innovations, there is disagreement in the literature regarding how open innovation affects these firms' ability to succeed. The current research is an attempt to address the gaps by analyzing the intricacies and dynamics of entrepreneurial firms’ involvement in Open Innovation. Furthermore, the impact on performance is examined from a knowledge perspective. In Jordanian context, this study analyzed the link between stakeholder interactions, knowledge management, open innovation, and the performance of entrepreneurial firms. The findings demonstrated that open innovation activities are statistically significant to the overall performance of entrepreneurial firms. However, since it has an unintentional detrimental effect over the performance of entrepreneurial firms in Jordan, the moderating effect of stakeholder relations and the mediation effect of knowledge management has been analyzed. The moderating role of stakeholder relationships has been proven statistically which enriched the theoretical foundations of RBV and contingency theory by adding stakeholders’ theory into the combination of the two theories, at the end limitations and guidelines for future research along with practical implications are emphasized.

Achievement of India in the field of Bio-Technology

India has made remarkable achievements in the field of biotechnology, spanning healthcare, agriculture, industrial bioprocessing, and environmental sustainability. In healthcare, the country has emerged as a global leader in producing affordable biopharmaceuticals, vaccines, and diagnostic tools, addressing critical healthcare challenges. In agriculture, India’s expertise in genetically modified crops, crop improvement, and seed technology has revolutionized farming practices, enhancing productivity and sustainability. Industrial biotechnology has witnessed significant growth, with Indian companies excelling in enzyme production, biofuels, and waste management solutions. Additionally, India has made notable strides in environmental biotechnology, employing innovative methods for wastewater treatment, biogas production, and bioremediation. Despite challenges, India’s biotechnology sector is poised for further growth, driven by advancements in emerging technologies and collaborative efforts among stakeholders. These achievements underscore India’s potential to contribute significantly to global biotechnological innovation and address pressing societal and environmental challenges. Biotechnology refers to all those techniques which use biological processes to produce substances which can be used as medicines and in industries. It also includes all those methods (and their study) by which a species of living beings (especially human species) can be made superior. For example, making vaccines to prevent diseases, making/using bio-fertilizers, making/using biopesticides, making superior species of plants through bio-engineering, protecting the environment and biodiversity, development of DNA figure printing technology, cloning etc. all come under biotechnology. Modern biotechnological processes have their origins in the techniques used in ancient times, such as making vinegar byfermenting sugarcane juice, obtaining curd by coagulating milk, making cheese, etc. Similarly, in the field of agriculture, new varieties of seeds are prepared by hybridizing different types of plants, etc.

Subsequent bilateral key comparison study - organic solvent calibration solution - gravimetric preparation and value assignment of aflatoxin B1 (AfB1) in acetonitrile (ACN)

Main textThe original CCQM-K154.b comparison was coordinated by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) and the Chinese National Institute of Metrology (NIM) on behalf of the Organic Analysis Working Group (OAWG) of the Comité Consultatif pour la Quantité de Matière (CCQM) for National Measurement Institutes (NMIs) and Designated Institutes (DIs) which provide measurement services in organic analysis under the 'Comité International des Poids et Mesures' Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA) and/or have participated in the BIPM's Mycotoxin Metrology Capacity Building and Knowledge Transfer (MMCBKT) project as part of its "Metrology for Safe Food and Feed in Developing Economies" Capacity Building Programme.Gravimetrically-prepared solutions having an assigned mass fraction of specified organic analytes are routinely used to calibrate measurement processes for the quantification of the same analytes in matrix samples. Appropriate assignments of the property value and associated uncertainty of calibration solutions thus underpin the traceability of routine analysis and are critical for accurate measurements. Evidence of successful participation in relevant international comparisons is needed to document calibration and measurement capability claims (CMCs) made by national metrology institutes and designated institutes. In total, eleven NMIs/DIs participated in the Track C, Model II, Key Comparison CCQM-K154.b [Gravimetric preparation and value assignment of aflatoxin B1 (AfB1) in acetonitrile (ACN)] for emerging areas of global interest and innovation. Participants were requested to gravimetrically prepare calibration solutions and value assign the mass fractions, expressed in mg/kg, of aflatoxin B1 (AfB1) in the acetonitrile (ACN) solution. Study samples, with assigned values and associated uncertainties were prepared by the comparison participants and sent to the coordinating laboratory for comparison. The Key Comparison Reference Values (KCRVs), calculated form values measured by the coordinating laboratory based on calibrations obtained from independent gravimetrically prepared calibrant solutions, agreed with participants reported values, within their stated uncertainties.AfB1 was selected to be representative of polar aflatoxins. Aflatoxins are a class of mycotoxins generally produced by fungi of the genus Aspergillus. It was anticipated to provide a challenge representative for the gravimetrical preparation and value assignment of calibration solutions in the mass fraction range of 2 mg/kg to 50 mg/kg of mycotoxins with broadly similar structural characteristics.In the original study CCQM-K154.b, nine participants of the MMCBKT programme were provided with a stock solution having a known AfB1 mass fraction and expanded uncertainty to use to gravimetrically prepare and value assign a calibration solution. Three NMIs/DIs also participated using their own calibration solutions. The use of in-house solutions required anadditional capacity to undertake a fit-for-purpose purity assessment. NIM was the only NMI participating using both the MMCBKT based and their own in-house assigned solutions in order to connect the two different groups.It was decided to propose separate KCRVs for each of the two ampoules provided by the participating NMIs/DIs based on the AfB1 mass fraction. This allowed participants to demonstrate the efficacy of their implementation of the approaches used to gravimetrically prepare calibrations solutions and to assess the AfB1 mass fraction.The majority of the AfB1 mass fraction KCRVs (wKCRV) for CCQM-K154.b spanned a mass fraction range of 2.02 mg/kg to 31.57 mg/kg. The relative expanded uncertainties U(wKCRV) ranged from 0.69 % to 2.93 %. Inspection of the degree of equivalence plots for the AfB1 mass fraction assignments in CCQM-K154.b indicated that there was an excellent agreement of results. Solely, the AfB1 mass fraction assignments of the INRAP (Institut National de Recherche et d'Analyse Physico-Chimique, Tunisia) did not agree with the KCRVs. It was found that the samples were altered as a result of an acid contamination.The INRAP has produced a new batch of AfB1 calibration solution using the AfB1 stock solution originally provided to MMCBKT participants to be able to demonstrate the efficacy of their implementation of the approaches used to gravimetrically prepare calibrations solutions and to assess the AfB1 mass fraction. The BIPM organized the present subsequent bilateral comparison CCQM-K154.b.1 to assess the new batch of AfB1 calibration solution of the INRAP. Inspection of the degree of equivalence plots for the AfB1 mass fraction assignments indicated that there is an excellent agreement of the INRAP results for CCQM-K154.b.1.To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).

Integrando padrões tradicionais chineses à estética moderna: um estudo de teoria enraizada com base na “Coleção de Padrões Chineses”, de Pang Xunqin

Abstract: This study employs grounded theory methodology, utilizing open coding, axial coding, and selective coding techniques, to conduct a systematic analysis of Pang Xunqin’s “Chinese Decorative Pattern Collection.” A theoretical framework is constructed to explore the fusion of traditional Chinese patterns with modern decorative art design. As a pioneer in this domain, Pang Xunqin’s oeuvre not only bridges historical gaps in Chinese decorative arts, but also offers innovative insights for the progression of contemporary Chinese art and design. The coding analysis of the study reveals the adept integration of traditional patterns into modern design practices by Pang Xunqin, thereby enhancing cultural identity and artistic vigor. Additionally, a dynamic model is introduced, charting innovative pathways for the modern evolution of traditional patterns and fostering their global cultural dissemination and innovation. This model enriches our comprehension of the amalgamation of tradition and modernity and presents a novel perspective for the observation and application of traditional culture in contemporary settings.

Research on FinTech Promoting Financial Innovation and Growth in Emerging Markets

With the rapid development of science and technology, financial technology has become an important force driving global financial innovation and growth. Especially in emerging markets, the application of FinTech enhances financial services' efficiency, promotes financial inclusion, and injects new vitality into economic growth. This article explores the concept and components of fintech and describes its role in emerging markets. The article begins by unpacking the definition and functional scope of FinTech and provides a compendium of its information categorization. It then delves into the specific steps of FinTech in blockchain implementation, encompassing the construction of knowledge architectures and technological processes, highlighting the mechanisms of information mining, integration, and access. Taking the case of developing countries in particular, the article reviews the positive contribution of the practical application of blockchain in conjunction with fintech to financial innovation in these countries in terms of expanding financial penetration, enhancing the effectiveness and security of transactions, and stimulating new service models. In addition, the challenges faced by these countries in implementing fintech strategies are also analyzed. Overall, the analysis in this paper provides insights into how FinTech can support financial development and economic growth in emerging markets.