Global Game Research Articles

Reliable Go Game Images Recognition Under Strong Light Attack

Go is a popular global game whose win or loss is only determined by the number of intersection points surrounded by black or white pieces. Among all the counting methods, the traditional manual counting method is time-consuming. Additionally, the current Go game images recognition technology cannot endure light reflection attacks or extreme image capture angles effectively. In this paper, a reliable Go game images recognition method is proposed which not only can resist light reflection attacks but also can endure various image capture angles. To obtain this goal, we propose a detection method based on the optimized CNNs (Convolutional Neural Network) framework. Experiments on recognizing 3220 images show that the average accuracy with our proposed method is over 99.99%, which is 22 times better than the accuracy of the state-of-the-art approach on Go game images recognition. Besides, our study provides potential references for the recognition of interfered small objects in groups that have few features. It provides a reference in similar application scenarios such as the detection of animal crowds, industrial parts, physiological tissues, and micro-particles.

Public information and global games with strategic complements and substitutes

This study examines the effects of public information on players’ actions in global games with strategic complements and substitutes. Specifically, we consider the protest game, wherein a group of citizens decide whether to participate in a protest against a government. After observing private signals and a public signal about the government’s strength, each citizen decides whether or not to participate in the protest. The participation can be both strategic complements and strategic substitutes because the number of protesters increases both the probability of protest success and the probability of a government crackdown. We find that the likelihood of protest success decreases (increases) with the precision of the public signal if the government’s strength is expected to be strong (weak). However, increasing the precision of the public signal is more likely to reduce citizens’ participation as protest decisions exhibit more strategic substitutability.

Preventing self-fulfilling debt crises: A global games approach

This paper develops a micro-founded global games model of debt crises. I use this model to study which policies can help to prevent expectations-driven crises and how the desirability of such policies depends on market participants' expectations and the presence of economic policy uncertainty. I show that endogenous expectations amplify the effects of government policies, so that even a small policy adjustment can have significant effects. I find that policy uncertainty may increase the range of situations in which government policies can help prevent a crisis but decrease their overall impact. Finally, I apply these insights to study two policies that are often at the center of political discussions: austerity (an increase in taxes) and government stimulus. I show that under plausible conditions an increase in taxes is preferable to a government stimulus, and that policy uncertainty further increases the relative attractiveness of austerity.

Russia’s Strategies towards BRICS: Problems and Opportunities

This article aims to examine Moscow’s policy motives regarding BRICS as well as priority areas in Russia’s strategy towards this grouping. The Russian policies towards and within BRICS represent a combination of ideational and material motives. On the one hand, BRICS is important for the Kremlin in terms of status seeking: with the BRICS’ help Russia tries to return its status of a great power, shape the future world order and to make the West abide by the rules of that order. On the other hand, Moscow values its economic and strategic partnerships with the BRICS states which are important for Russia’s well-being and for counter-balancing the West in the global geopolitical and geoeconomic game. In other words, BRICS provides Russia with additional prestige in the international arena as well as greater legitimacy to its international activities. In contrast to the West’s accusations, in case of BRICS Russia’s foreign policy behavior does not fall into the category of the revisionist one. Rather, Russia (similar to other BRICS countries) prefers to act on the basis of existing international rules and norms rather than to challenge or keep them intact. Russia aims at reforming these rules to adapt them to new global realities and make them acceptable for all the members of the world community.

OBJECTIFIED PARAMETERS OF WOMEN'S HANDBALL TEAM CSM BUCHAREST GAMES IN THE EUROPEAN CHAMPIONS LEAGUE GROUP A EDITION 2017-2018

The article aims to present some objectified indicators of the CSM Bucharest team game in the A group of the European Champions League 2017-2018 edition. Parameters subjected to the recording action constitute essential elements of the "statistical model of the game", being oriented both for the attack phase (10 parameters) and for the defence (8 parameters). On their basis, different values of the effectiveness of certain handball game sequences - in its phases - and of the global game were calculated. The data highlighted can be used to compile the optimal gaming model when preparing the teams in the National League and / or as a basis for conducting the training process at the level of the female national team, until J.O in 2020

The role of large players in global games with strategic complements and substitutes

This study analyzes global games with strategic complements and substitutes where a large player influences the behavior of small players. Specifically, we examine the protest decision of a group of citizens, which consists of a large civic group and small groups of citizens. They decide whether to participate in a protest against a government based on their private information about the government’s strength. Protest participation features strategic complementarity since the protest is more likely to succeed as more citizens participate in it, while it also features strategic substitutability since a larger protest leads to a higher probability of a government crackdown. Our model demonstrates that the presence of the large civic group affects the outcome of the protest. Moreover, we find a non-monotonic relationship between the probability of protest success and the size of the large civic group, as opposed to when protest participation exhibits only strategic complementarities.

Babylon Berlin: Media, Spectacle, and History

Babylon Berlin (henceforth BB) premiered in Germany on the pay channel Sky TV in October 2017 and in the United States on the streaming service Netflix in January 2018. It is based on Volker Kutscher's series of crime novels set in late Weimar Republic and early Nazi-era Berlin. At its center are the lives and investigations of the laconic and tormented police detective Gereon Rath and his charismatic and irrepressible assistant Charlotte (Lotte) Ritter. In anticipation of the series premiere on public television, marathon screenings took place in 150 cinemas across Germany, where audience members dressed up in 1920s fashion and enjoyed a Currywurst break. Its viewership in the Federal Republic was topped only by the global fantasy behemoth Game of Thrones. The series is clearly modeled on American series such as Mad Men (2007–2015) and The Wire (2002–2008) as it unfolds a complex web of characters and subplots with loving attention to the history and fashions of the time. Indeed, this collaboration of seasoned directors Tom Tykwer, Achim von Borries, and Henk Handloegten is the most expensive German TV series to date. The fact that BB premiered on pay TV while having been largely produced with public funds drew some ire. German reviewers questioned both the circumstances of its production and its creative ambition. While Der Spiegel called it “a masterpiece,” one much debated blog review went so far as to call it “pure crap,” which neither reflected historical truth nor carried artistic merit. Many critics faulted the series for trading in postcard clichés and creating a 1920s “Berlin Disneyland.” The weekly Die Zeit complained that there was a little too much cute dialect, such as “icke” and “kiek ma,” which made the critic sometimes feel like wiping the dirt makeup off the proletarian faces. (And indeed, one of the numerous intertexts of this series are Heinrich Zille's unflinching depictions of proletarian misery.)

The fundamental nature of sport: disability, discrimination and sport in Holzmueller v. Illinois High School Association

Despite events such as the Paralympics, global games, and Special Olympics, sport is generally structured in a way that provides limited or no categories for people with disability to take part in a fair contest. The exclusion of children with disability from sporting opportunities result from the approach that sport is fixed and has a traditional structure, designed to identify the most able at certain activities. It is therefore often accepted that sport is simply something that children with disability may not be able to take part in. This article examines the appeal case of Holzmueller v Illinois High School Association, in which a High School track and field athlete challenged the structures of an athletics competition that did not provide separate categories for athletes with disability, other than wheelchair events. While the case is specific to the United States it represents a useful example of the complexities in the discrimination of children with disability when it comes to sport. By analysing Holzmueller using critical disability theory, this article demonstrates the challenge the law—statute and the judicial interpretation of it, has in preventing discrimination against people with disability in competitive sport.

Standards for the Gaming Industry [Standards

Reports on IEEE Standards development in the gaming industry. To address these issues while guaranteeing interoperability and compatibility for global gaming services, two recently established IEEE standard projects, IEEE P2861 and IEEE P2861.1, involve different stakeholders including game developers, game publishers, network vendors, and device vendors in the online gaming ecosystem. IEEE P2861, Standard for Mobile Gaming Performance Evaluation and Optimization, is designed to improve the experience of gamers by resolving tradeoffs between high demands from game applications and resource limitations of mobile devices. It aims at defining criteria and mechanisms to optimize the performance of game applications and devices, along with evaluation methods for game fluency and the optimization effect. This standards project also defines the classifications of gaming scenarios and interfaces between a game application and a device.

Urgent wake up call for the National Basketball Association.

Frequent air travel and the condensed game schedule typical of a National Basketball Association (NBA) team during the season, often results in accompanying sleep disturbances related to sleep length, sleep quality, and sleep timing (with highly harmful impacts on health, both physical and mental). These issues are not only problematic for NBA players, but also the coaches, training staff, and management support. In this narrative review, we summarize the detrimental effects that this travel and game schedule could have on NBA team members' sleep, as well as their physical and mental health. Multiple peer-reviewed articles address the role of sleep in athletic performance and health; however, to date, the literature focused on sleep-related issues that are unique to the NBA schedule is scarce. Firstly, this review addresses the impact of the NBA schedule, outlining the number of games and the travel involved (number of flights, the timing of flights, timings of arrival at destination and hotel); we also outline a typical daily NBA travel schedule, providing the reader a glimpse of what this encompasses. Secondly, we provide a brief overview of sleep science and discuss specific applications related to the NBA. Finally, we provide comment on the unique current situation of the NBA "bubble". Based on this review, there appears to be considerable scope for further investigation of the acute and chronic effects of sleep disturbances concerning the NBA travel and game schedule. Sleep science recommendations need to inform practice, target sleep interventions, and personalized protocols designed to enhance sleep health that can be incorporated at the organizational level.

글로벌 클라우드 게임 시장에서의 경쟁우위 요소

5세대 통신기술(5G)의 도입은 4세대 통신기술(4G)에서 발생했던 서비스 트래픽 속도와 용량 문제를 크게 감소시켰다. 이러한 통신환경에서 클라우드 게임의 시장 수요는 높아지고 있으며 향후 모바일 게임을 대체하는 분야로 클라우드 게임이 각광받고 있다. 본 연구에서는 통신기술의 발전에 따른 게임 산업의 변화와 클라우드 게임의 특징 및 시장 현황을 설명한다. 다음으로 클라우드 게임의 경쟁우위 요소로서 독창적인 게임콘텐츠, 안정적인 게임 환경, 높은 플랫폼 접근성을 제시한다. 본 연구는 클라우드 게임에 대한 독자의 이해를 높이며, 클라우드 게임 시장 및 산업을 위한 정책적 지원과 관련된 의사결정을 돕기 위한 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

UEFA expert group statement on nutrition in elite football. Current evidence to inform practical recommendations and guide future research

Football is a global game which is constantly evolving, showing substantial increases in physical and technical demands. Nutrition plays a valuable integrated role in optimising performance of elite players during...

Implicit Taxes Amid Race to the Bottom in a Global Tax Game

Growing tax competition among national governments in the presence of capital mobility distorts equilibrium in the international corporate tax market. This paper is related to the literature that examines impact of international tax policies on corporate accounting statements. Employing international firm-level data, this study revisits the race-to-the-bottom hypothesis and documents that tax exemptions lowering effective tax rates relative to statutory rates increase pre-tax returns. This finding directly contradicts the implicit tax hypothesis documented by Wilkie (1992), who provided empirical evidence on inverse relationship between pre-tax return and tax subsidy. We also find evidences that relative importance of permanent versus timing component depends on the geography and that decline in corporate tax rates reduces impact of tax subsidies on profitability. Our findings suggest that tax subsidies play a different role than in 1968-1985, which was examined by Wilkie (1992). These results are consistent with the race-to-the-bottom hypothesis and income shifting explanation

Sentiments, strategic uncertainty, and information structures in coordination games

We study experimentally how changes in the information structure affect behavior in coordination games with incomplete information (global games). We find two systematic departures from the theory: (1) the comparative statics of equilibrium thresholds and signal precision are reversed, and (2) as information becomes very precise subjects' behavior approximates the efficient equilibrium of the game, not the risk dominant one. We hypothesize that sentiments in the perception of strategic uncertainty could drive our results. To formalize this hypothesis we extend the standard model by introducing sentiments and we test this mechanism experimentally by eliciting beliefs. We find empirical support for our hypothesis: Subjects are over-optimistic about the actions of others when the signal precision is high and over-pessimistic when it is low. Thus, we show how changes in the information structure can give rise to sentiments that drastically affect outcomes in coordination games.

Global Games With Strategic Complements and Substitutes

We extend the global games method to the class of finite player, finite action games that includes games with strategic complements, games with strategic substitutes, and arbitrary combinations of the two. Our result is based on common order properties present in both strategic complements and substitutes, the notion of p-dominance, and the use of dominance solvability as the solution concept. In addition to being closer to the original arguments in Carlsson and van Damme (1993), our approach requires fewer additional assumptions. In particular, we require only one dominance region, and no assumptions on state monotonicity, or aggregative structure, or overlapping dominance regions. As expected, the p-dominance condition becomes more restrictive as the number of players increases. In cases where the probabilistic burden in belief formation may be reduced, the p-dominance condition may be relaxed as well. We present examples that are not covered by existing results.

Self-Fulfilling Fire Sales: Fragility of Collateralized Short-Term Debt Markets

AbstractThis paper shows that collateralized short-term debt, although privately optimal for reducing borrowers’ risk-taking incentives, can induce fragility (multiple equilibria). Despite sequential-service property being absent in collateralized debt, such as repurchase agreements, a systemic run can arise, featuring large increases in default risks, fire-sale discounts of collateral, cost of credit, and amount of credit rationing. Asset price guarantees, leverage caps, and central clearing promote stability and welfare. Using global games techniques, I show that a systemic run is more likely in bad times, and a large enough asset price guarantee reduces run risks.

Caught in the war against gambling: A critical analysis of law history and policy making in video games in Greece

The advent of the video game industry brought about new cultural policies in both the national and international levels. In particular, incentives and flexible funding programmes for the production of video games have become a key pillar of support for small, domestic, but also global game companies. In Greece, video game policy history has followed the developments and legal entanglements of gambling regulation, with serious national and international consequences. From the Royal Decree of 1971 to Law 3037/2002 that banned all games in public and private places until the most recent Law 4487/2017, which established a cash rebate scheme for audio-visual productions, this article aims to analyse Greece’s video game policy-making as captured through scattered laws, media articles and personal testimonies.

INTERVIEW WITH TERRY GLEBOCKI

INTERVIEW WITH TERRY GLEBOCKI

INTERVIEW WITH MARIE JONES

INTERVIEW WITH MARIE JONES

Hypermodern Video Games as Emblems of Empire or How the Gaming Multitude Adapts to Hypermodernity

To demonstrate how Games of Empire (Dyer-Witheford, N., & de Peuter, G. (2009). Games of empire. Global capitalism and video games, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota) elaborated an important standpoint within critical game studies, this article discusses the thesis that a specific type of video games perfectly converges with our contemporary modes of representation and praxis, which are best situated within the paradigm of hypermodernity (Lipovetsky, G. (1983). L’ère du vide: Essais sur l’individualisme contemporain. Paris. Gallimard, coll. «Folio essais»; Lipovetsky, G. & Charles, S. (2004). Les temps hypermodernes. Paris: Bernard Grasset, «Nouveau collège de philosophie»). Hypermodernity radicalizes modernity because, within hypermodernity, values such as progress, reason, and happiness are overly ( hyper) actualized rather than surpassed ( post) (Aubert, N. (2006) (dir). L’individu hypermoderne. Toulouse: Eres, coll. «Sociologie clinique»; Giddens, A. (1990). The consequences of modernity. Stanford: Stanford University Press). Based on an archetypal account, that is, a theoretical model rather than a case study, this article will show how hypermodern video games' commercialization and use within a capitalist context are emblematic of hypermodernity. We will also evaluate how these games promote adaptation to hypermodernity toward an "ideal" becoming-player for Empire. In conclusion, if playing can be seen as the multitude's escape hatch out of the dominant order, this article will explain how hypermodern video games, as a media, may also be viewed as a key site where asymmetrical and unequal relationships replicate within Empire.