Global Events Research Articles

Impact of Supply Chain Agility and Collaboration on Supply Chain Performance: The Moderating Role of Artificial Intelligence

Supply chain resilience is not a novel concept in the supply chain industry; however, its significance importance is increasing, especially in the face of global disruptive events like natural and man-made disasters. Agility and collaboration are critical supply chain resilience elements for enhancing supply chain performance. However, the influence of artificial intelligence (AI) on the impact of agility and collaboration on performance remains unexplored. Therefore, the major objective of this study was to examine the impact of supply chain agility and collaboration on supply chain performance within the healthcare sector in Qatar. In the same vein, it examined the moderating role of AI in these relationships. The study utilized 564 responses from supply chain and clinical unit managers in Qatar and was analysed using the partial least squares (PLS) path modelling technique. The findings of the study indicate a significant positive relationship between supply chain agility, collaboration, and performance. Furthermore, these relationships are found to be positively moderated by AI. This study supports the research paradigm and provides evidence regarding supply chain agility and collaboration and their impact on supply chain performance. More importantly, this study is among the first to provide empirical evidence on the moderating role of AI in enhancing these relationships.

Cotton market contagion: analyzing volatility spillovers across borders

PurposeThe paper analyzes the volatility transmission within the cotton markets by utilizing commodity futures prices from the USA, China and India, encompassing important global events that have significantly influenced the global cotton markets, like the China-USA trade dispute, the COVID-19 outbreak and the Russia–Ukraine conflict.Design/methodology/approachThe authors employ a volatility spillover measure developed by Diebold and Yilmaz (2009, 2012, 2014). Additionally, the methodology proposed by Baruník and Křehlík (2018), which divides the overall volatility spillover into short, medium and long-term segments has been used. To investigate the volatility connectedness, weekly (close-to-close) returns of the cotton futures contracts that are traded on the Chicago Board of Trade Dalian Commodity Exchange National Commodity Exchange of India (NCDEX), and Multi Commodity Exchange (MCX) are considered.FindingsThe paper identifies the presence of long-term volatility transmission among the three cotton futures markets. It demonstrates that a global shock like the Russia–Ukraine conflict has a greater impact on volatility in other markets than USA–China trade disputes. It also highlights the weakening role of the US cotton futures markets as a price leader for Indian and Chinese markets.Research limitations/implicationsSince only three major markets have been studied, the future studies can explore the interconnectedness by including other important markets including Brazil, Turkey, Bangladesh, etc. Further, the moderating role of relationship between other important variables such as cotton production, harvest, inventory, exchange rate, oil price, trade policies, etc. can be examined. Furthermore, the interconnectedness with the regional spot markets in India can also be examined to study how the volatility from the futures market can affect the volatility in the spot markets and vice-versa.Practical implicationsThe understanding of domestic food price volatility and its transmission from international to domestic markets is crucial for designing effective policies to address excessive volatility and protect vulnerable groups like producers, consumers, etc.Social implicationsThe findings emphasize on the substantial market dependence with the US and the Chinese markets which have a significant impact on the Indian markets with considerable implications for hedgers, producers and exporters, particularly during periods of higher volatility.Originality/valueThis study assesses the interdependencies among three major cotton-producing countries and the influence of factors like the USA–China trade tensions in 2018, the COVID-19 crisis and the Russia–Ukraine conflict in order to gauge the degree of volatility interconnection among these key players in the cotton market.

Indian Economy from a Global Perspective

India, the world’s fifth-largest economy by nominal GDP, plays an increasingly important role in the global economic landscape. As one of the fastest-growing economies, India's contributions extend across industries such as information technology, pharmaceuticals, manufacturing, and services. This paper explores the Indian economy from a global perspective, examining its strengths, challenges, and the critical reforms needed to sustain growth. It delves into India’s trade relations, foreign direct investment (FDI), and the impact of global events on its economy, while also reflecting on how India contributes to the global economy in areas such as technology, innovation, and workforce participation

A dialogic tricontinental: Niemeyer, Molyvann AND Zevaco

The understanding of modernity as a global and symbiotic event is what justifies this paper. It is global because, as a cultural outgrowth of the Industrial Revolution, it reached all corners of the world more or less connected to the world order, and symbiotic because, despite the hegemonic Eurocentric discourse, we declared the constant feedback of the processes of artistic experimentation that equate all continents’ continents. We will discuss comparatively the work of Oscar Niemeyer (1907-2012), Jean-François Zevaco (1916-2003) and Vann Molyvann (1926-2017) in an essay organized in two sections. The first seeks aspects driven by the reading of the territory, understood as the conjunction of physical and human factors of the place in which architecture develops, pointing out strategies for accepting the vernacular contribution and its interpretation in the light of modern instruments. The second advances on the constructive terms of architects’ thinking, locating structural contextualism as a deliberate plastic action.

The impact of global and regional challenges on the decrease in tourist flows

The article presents a comprehensive analysis of the impact of global and regional events on the dynamics of tourist flows. The primary reasons for the decrease in inbound tourist flows have been identified and categorized into three main groups: military-political class, economic class, and natural-technological class. Additionally, a hybrid class was identified, to which COVID-19 was assigned. The article is based on causal and comparative analysis, utilizing statistical data on tourist flows provided by the World Bank and UNWTO, as well as an assessment of similar patterns among countries worldwide. The main characteristics of tourist flows from 1995 to 2022 have been identified, pinpointing leaders among countries in increasing and decreasing the number of tourists per year. During the study, countries with similar patterns of tourist flow dynamics were identified. It was concluded that relying solely on quantitative analysis has limited applicability in identifying these patterns. Therefore, it is recommended that quantitative analysis be complemented with expert assessments for a more comprehensive understanding. The basic strategies for responding to the identified classes of causes were outlined. The research will benefit tourism professionals, governmental authorities, and researchers in socio-economic and political disciplines.

Assessment of Baltics states regional Economic disparities according to GDP

Analysis of the challenges of cohesion at the country and regional levels becomes especially relevant due to EU expansion, the Great Recession, and uneven economic recovery after that. Recent global events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic and imposed lockdowns, have further intensified interest in this issue. This study aims to evaluate the disparities in the development of Baltic States' regions using the author's proposed methodology for calculating an aggregate cohesion index. Some important conclusions can be made from the data analysis. A common trend across all countries was the notable economic strength of capital regions, with GDP per capita significantly exceeding national averages. Despite the pandemic's limited impact in 2020, a clear divergence trend emerged in 2021. Additionally, the club convergence between less developed regions was observed, especially in Lithuania and Latvia. In addition, Lithuania uniquely exhibited three distinct groups of regions based on economic development, in comparison with only two groups in Estonia and Latvia.

The Artists and BAM: “Come and Draw, Again and Again”

Soviet fine art contains a large number of works with industrial themes, including those devoted to the great construction sites of socialism. The construction of the Baikal-Amur Mainline (BAM) influenced the country’s development not only in economic and social aspects, but also had a direct impact on the cultural background, giving a new impetus to the activity of creative unions and the emergence of works of various types of art. The BAM theme is talentedly reflected in the creative field of Soviet fine arts. The appearance of numerous pictorial, graphic, sculptural, decorative and applied works was facilitated by the travelling format of artists’ work — creative business trips. Artists travelled to BAM construction sites, witnessing and participating in everyday life and holidays. Thanks to their inclusion and immersion in the environment, the masters of fine arts created works of various genres that accurately and vividly reflected the moments of the construction of the railway. Subsequently, the works were presented at various exhibitions. Nowadays, preserved in museum and private collections, they are an invaluable aesthetic and historical contribution to understanding the spirit and character of that era. The study of the activities of the Union of Artists of the USSR (as a whole as a regulator) and its branch represented by the Irkutsk Organisation of the Union of Artists of the RSFSR (as one of the local executors) is essential for understanding the effective mechanism of fulfilling the social order related to the representation of the global events of the 1970s for the Soviet state. The Irkutsk organisation of the RSFSR Union of Artists was territorially connected with the western section of BAM, and the archival documents provide an opportunity to comprehend the peculiarities of the microstructure’s activity in the conditions of the targeted work of the entire Union of Soviet artists on the BAM theme.

Cyber-Physical Perception Interface for Co-Simulation Applications.

Co-simulation can bring improvements to the development of cyber-physical perceptive systems (CPPS) in critical fields, allowing uninterrupted system operation and flexibility to use both real-time sensor data and non-real-time data. This paper proposes a co-simulation approach that integrates physical systems and communication systems, including both hardware and software components. This study demonstrates how systems of different natures with discrete or continuous events can be simulated using three methods: time stepped, global event driven, and variable stepped. Through two case studies from the medical and energy fields, CPPS and co-simulation reveal their importance for the future by improving precision and efficiency, which leads to more accurate diagnoses and personalized treatments in the medical field and increases the stability of energy networks.

“Something Has Changed” – observations of contemporary studio learners and implications for pedagogy

The landscape of higher education is currently undergoing extraordinary change. Critical to informing fundamental shifts in how institutions operate and educate is an understanding of today’s learners. In the wake of recent global events, the authors have observed that ‘something has changed’ about their students. They seem to bring different attitudes, expectations, and preparation to the studio classroom. The purpose of this study was to capture university teacher observations toward a deeper understanding of contemporary design and fine arts students and draw conclusions that may be useful for informing pedagogical change. With limited literature available addressing this topic, our research used an online survey to collect anecdotal data from teachers across studio-based disciplines ( n = 64), inquiring about the nature of both pre-pandemic and contemporary learners. The findings reveal two major shifts: a perceived decline in engagement and a change in motivation. Considering the findings, the authors suggest that studio teachers re-evaluate their pedagogical approach, and that the broader educational community examines how higher education can maximise opportunities for today’s learners.

Vertical variations in planar lamination of marine shale: Elucidating hydrodynamic changes during the Ordovician–Silurian transition on the Upper Yangtze Block

The hydrodynamics and their evolution on the Upper Yangtze Block during the Ordovician–Silurian transition period remain unclear. The present study is an assessment of how regional and global events may have influenced the hydrodynamic evolution based on a planar lamination investigation of the shales from the Upper Yangtze Block. Analyses of large thin sections and argon-ion polished thin sections using field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) showed that there are four types of planar lamination, namely, silty graded planar lamination (SGPL), silt–clay graded planar lamination (SCGPL), silt–clay interlaminated planar lamination (SCIPL), and paper-like planar lamination (PPL). SGPL is formed by turbidity current with a flow speed less than 15 cm/s. SCGPL is formed by turbidity currents with a flow speed less than 15 cm/s for normal grading type and 15–25 cm/s for alternating grading type. SCIPL has a continuum of sparsely spaced type, closely spaced type, and alternating type, which is formed by bottom current with an increasing flow speed from 15 to 25 cm/s to above 25 cm/s. PPL can be divided into normal grading and composite grading types. The former is formed by vertical settling, while the latter is formed by bottom current with a flow speed of 5–15 cm/s. Vertically, types of planar lamination varied from SGPL to PPL and then SCIPL manifesting the waxing and waning of flow speed with a positive excursion at graptolite biozone Metabolograptus extraordinarius (WF4) and a negative excursion at graptolite biozone Persculptograptuspersculptus (LM1). The sudden decrease in flow speed across Linxiang and graptolite biozone Paraorthograptuspacificus (WF3) and the subsequent progressive increase from graptolite biozone Akidograptus ascensus (LM2) to graptolite biozone Demirastrites triangulatus (LM6) and to graptolite biozone Stimulograptus sedgwickii (LM8) during deposition of the Ordovician–Silurian transition succession on the Upper Yangtze Block were linked to the bulge uplift, the rapid subsidence, and the relaxation controlled by the Kwangsian orogeny. In contrast, the positive excursion at WF4 and the negative excursion at LM1 were strongly controlled by the Hirnantian Glaciation and global warming, respectively.

Investigating the Complexity of Cultural Identities in Globalizing Societies

Cultural identity has become increasingly important and complex within many contemporary globalized societies. Consequently, methodological development is needed to expand our conceptualization and measurement of (a) the formation and experiences of multiple nested cultural identities and (b) how such identities relate to psychosocial functioning. In the preregistered and experimental quantitative phase (Study 1), Danish participants ( n = 308) were divided into three subsamples completely at random and exposed to various priming regarding global events (i.e., COVID-19, war in Ukraine, or a control prompt not related to current events). Danish, European, and global cultural identities were all highly endorsed across our sample, and global identity was enhanced by priming related to the war in Ukraine as compared with the other two priming conditions. Danish cultural identity was positively associated with well-being (self-esteem and life satisfaction) both directly and indirectly through self-concept clarity, whereas European identity was negatively associated with self-concept clarity, and global identity was positively associated with self-esteem. In the qualitative phase (Study 2), with a selected subsample of the Study 1 sample ( n = 5), we conducted in-depth semistructured interviews to explore the experience of sociohistorically embedded cultural identities (i.e., shaped by a complex interplay of culture, language, and social practices) within the globalized context of Denmark. Results highlight ideographic understandings of cultural identities and how these identities are politically embedded and shaped through intercultural experiences and events. These results are discussed in terms of how multi-method approaches can enhance our understanding of contemporary complex cultural identities.

An empirical tool for predicting the presence or absence of coseismic displacements at GNSS stations

Unmodeled displacements in GNSS times series, induced by instrumental artifacts or geophysical events, create significant biases in station trajectory parameters that can propagate into the reference frame itself. While non-tectonic ‘jumps’, such as equipment changes, affect only a specific GNSS station, seismically-induced displacements can affect large numbers of sites, severely threatening the frame’s stability. Manually reviewing individual GNSS time series for such effects is highly impractical because there can be thousands of GNSS stations in a frame, and the total number of earthquakes Mw ≥ 6.0 since GPS became fully operational is + 5100. To avoid this time-consuming task, automated methods rely on empirical power-law functions to determine which earthquake-station pairs require coseismic displacement parameters. Still, ‘conservative’ power-law functions tend to add coseismic offsets to stations that do not need them, which can also threaten the stability of the frame. In this work, we present an empirical formulation that was obtained using 809 global seismic events to fit power-law parameters that do not overestimate the region of influence of earthquakes. Our method is based on a two-level selection process: level 1 is isotropic and only considers the epicentral distance between the stations and the earthquake, and level 2 uses the geophysical parameters of the earthquake to predict a ‘tighter’ displacement pattern to select which stations require coseismic trajectory parameters. We applied our level 2 method to a database of ~ 4700 event-station pairs and showed that it removed ~ 55% of the total pairs, all of which had been falsely selected by level 1.

Mathematical insights into the influence of delay and external recruitment on coral-macroalgae system

As anthropogenic pressures on coral reef ecosystems continue to increase due to global warming and mass coral bleaching events, there is growing interest in developing conservation strategies to restore degraded coral reefs. One such approach is the transplantation of coral larvae onto degraded reefs. In this paper, we use a delayed coral-macroalgae model to explore the effects of external recruitment of coral. By analyzing the local and global stability of macroalgae-free equilibrium and coexistence equilibrium in the system, we find that sustained external recruitment of coral will favor coral competition with macroalgae. In addition, we choose delay as a bifurcation parameter and demonstrate that Hopf bifurcation may occur at a critical delay near the coexistence equilibrium. Interestingly, the delay may cause the globally asymptotically stable equilibrium in the ODE system to become unstable, resulting in the appearance of periodic solutions. Furthermore, we analyze population dynamics using optimal control theory and determine the effect of minimum external recruitment on the population dynamics. In the numerical simulation section, parameters of coral-macroalgae dynamics are estimated by using a 12-year (2005–2017) benthic cover dataset of coral reefs in the Gulf of Mannar, southeastern India. The theoretical results are validated and supported by numerical simulations.

Depositional characteristics in the Lower Congo Basin during the Cenomanian-Turonian stage: Insights from fine-grained sedimentary rocks

The Cenomanian-Turonian (C-T) stage, marked by extensive black shales and Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 (OAE 2), is pivotal for deciphering paleoceanographic conditions and the main drivers of hydrocarbon formation. Despite its significant oil and gas potential, the Lower Congo Basin (LCB) in central West Africa, particularly during the C-T stage (Likouala Formation), has been severely understudied, primarily due to limited exploration and a historical preference for other basins. Therefore, understanding the depositional characteristics of the C-T stage in the LCB is essential for elucidating paleoceanographic conditions, evaluating hydrocarbon potential and interpreting environmental changes. Due to the limited availability of published data and samples, we employed a targeted and integrated geological analysis to gain comprehensive insights, encompassing logging, lithofacies identification, thin-section observations, grain size measurements, and geochemical analyses (major, trace, and rare earth elements), to provide a cohesive and confirmatory assessment. Utilizing relative sea-level curves and geochemical indicators, and by comparing with other relevant basins, this study preliminarily identified OAE 2 stratigraphic intervals and attempted to discuss the impact of OAE 2 on organic matter enrichment in the LCB. The results indicate that, during the C-T stage, the LCB featured a restricted sea bay environment with limited terrestrial input and anoxic waters. Multiple geochemical proxies suggest that relative sea-level changes significantly affected paleoproductivity, thereby influencing organic matter enrichment. During the depositional period of Lower Likouala Formation (LLF), a relative sea-level drop resulted in weakly reducing conditions in a marginal restricted sea bay environment, leading to low primary productivity. Conversely, during the depositional period of Upper Likouala Formation (ULF), enhanced aeolian input and sea-level rise increased nutrient supply from the open ocean. This led to elevated surface marine productivity and intensified reducing conditions in the water column, forming a marginal semi-restricted sea bay environment. Enhanced reducing conditions within the lower stratigraphic intervals of the ULF are likely consequences of OAE 2. However, the marginal restricted sea bay environment and limited water exchange may have constrained the enhancement of paleoproductivity by OAE 2. These insights not only significantly enhance our understanding of the organic-rich fine-grained sedimentary rocks in the LCB during the C-T stage, but also contribute to a broader comprehension of the South Atlantic's paleoceanographic conditions and the interplay between regional geological processes and global climate events during the C-T stage.

Analysis of cloud enhancement events in a 30-year record of global solar irradiance at Thessaloniki, Greece

In this study, we investigate the characteristics of global horizontal irradiance enhancement events induced by clouds over Thessaloniki for the period 1994–2023 using data recorded every one minute. We identified the cloud enhancement (CE) events by creating an appropriate cloud-free irradiance reference using a radiative transfer model and aerosol optical depth data from a collocated Cimel sun photometer and a Brewer spectrophotometer. We found a trend in CE events of +112±35cases/year, and a trend in the corresponding irradiation of +329.9±112.0kJ/year. To our knowledge, such long-term changes in CE events have not been presented in the past. The peak of the CE events was observed during May and June. CE events with duration longer than 10 min are very rare (<8%), with exceptions lasting over an hour and up to 140 min. Finally, we have detected enhancements above the total solar irradiance at the top of the atmosphere for the same solar zenith angle of up to 204W/m2, with the 75 % of the cases below 40W/m2. Most of these extreme events occur in spring – early summer, with a secondary peak in autumn.

EMD-based ultraviolet radiation prediction for sport events recommendation with environmental constraint

With the rising awareness of health and wellness, accurate ultraviolet (UV) radiation forecasts have become crucial for planning and conducting outdoor activities safely, particularly in the context of global sporting events arrangement and recommendation with definite constraint on environmental conditions. The dynamic nature of UV exposure, influenced by factors such as solar zenith angles, cloud cover, and atmospheric conditions, makes accurate UV radiation data forecasting difficult and challenging. To cope with these challenges, we present an innovative approach for predicting the UV radiation levels of a certain region during a certain time period using Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD), a robust method for analyzing non-linear and non-stationary data. Our model is specifically designed for urban areas, where outdoor events are common, and integrates meteorological data with historical UV radiation records from specific geographic regions and time periods. The EMD-based model offers precise predictions of UV levels, essential for event organizers and city planners to make informed decisions regarding the scheduling, relocation and recommendation of events to minimize health risks associated with UV exposure. At last, the effectiveness of this model is validated through various experiments across different spatial and temporal contexts based on the Urban-Air dataset (recording 2,891,393 Air Quality Index data that cover four major Chinese cities), demonstrating its adaptability and accuracy under diverse environmental conditions.

A machine learning-based approach for flash flood susceptibility mapping considering rainfall extremes in the northeast region of Bangladesh

Flash floods are catastrophic global events, especially in northeast Bangladesh, and assessing flash flood susceptibility is crucial for preparedness and mitigation. Traditional geographic system-based flash flood susceptibility mapping struggles to capture flash floods’ non-linear and complex nature. However, machine learning models have recently emerged as an efficient alternative to address these limitations. This study evaluates four machine learning models—Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), Random Forest – Gradient Boosting (RFGB) Hybrid, and Categorical Boosting (CatBoost)—for flash flood susceptibility. It categorizes areas into five susceptibility levels: very low, low, moderate, high, and very high. Covering 24,424.25 km2 across eight districts, the study uses 400 points (200 flood and 200 non-flood) for training and validation, based on field investigation, historical flood information, Sentinel-1 SAR GRD: C-band Synthetic Aperture Radar data using Google Earth Engine, and insights from the local people. The models’ predictive performances are evaluated by incorporating topographical attributes and rainfall indices and using accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Area Under the Curve (AUC) score, with 70% of the data for training and 30% for testing. The ANN model performs best with rainfall indices, achieving high accuracy (maximum AUC = 0.802). The RFGB hybrid model shows excellent training accuracy (AUC ≥ 0.971) but suffers from overfitting during validation (AUC ≤ 0.674), requiring careful hyperparameter adjustment. The CatBoost model effectively uses both rainfall indices and terrain features, achieving AUC = 0.701 in training and AUC = 0.667 in validation. The ANN model conservatively includes the largest area (2198.3 km2) under ’very high’ susceptibility. This study’s flash flood susceptibility maps, which include rainfall extremes, are more robust than those without, helping local administrative authorities and national flood practitioners prepare for flash floods.

High-resolution oceanic anoxic event 2 (OAE2) records from the north of eastern Tethys and evidence for short-term sea regression and wildfire at its early phase

Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 (OAE2), occurring at the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary (CTB; 93.9 Ma), is a representative global event of carbon cycling fluctuations and transient climate anomalies. OAE2 was initially discovered and intensively studied in the trans-Atlantic and western Tethys Oceans; however, research on the eastern Tethys Ocean, especially the vast northern regions, is inadequate. Further, there is still considerable controversy regarding the triggering mechanisms and early environmental changes of OAE2. In this study, we present high-resolution carbonate carbon isotopes (δ13Ccarb), total organic carbon, and mercury (Hg) concentration records from the northern part of the eastern Tethys Ocean during the OAE2 interval, sampled at the ZK20-1 drillcore section of the Kukebai Formation in the western Tarim Basin, China. Following the global classification scheme for carbon isotope excursion (CIE) at the CTB, the carbon isotope change curve of this study is classified into six stages (C1-C6), and three substages (C3a, C3b, C3c) in the C3 stage. Sedimentary features reveal a short-term sea-level regression in the Tarim Basin during the onset stage (C2) of OAE2, which likely involved vast regions of the eastern Tethys Ocean and even the Pacific region. The mercury (Hg) concentration data reveal increasing Hg levels in the lower part of the Kukebai Formation, mainly corresponding to the onset stage (C3) of the OAE2, but it is significantly lower than that in other typical volcanogenic Hg anomalies. We preliminarily speculated that the intensified wildfire activity at the onset stage of OAE2 potentially accelerate the Hg extracted from the terrestrial soil or organic matter into the offshore area. This is also supported by the evidence of wildfire and Hg anomalies from the Western Interior Seaway (WIS) of North America.

Identification of Flood-Prone Areas Using Geo-Informatics: A Case Study of Erbil City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

Global flood events, intensified by an intricate interplay of natural dynamics and human activities, pose severe environmental and safety threats, driving the demand for advanced vulnerability assessments. This research innovates with a holistic geo-informatics methodology, pinpointing flood-prone regions in Erbil City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. It harnesses the Analytic Hierarchy Process and Geographic Information System synergies, enriched with insights from multispectral satellite observations, to conduct an exhaustive analysis of key flood susceptibility indicators. These encompass geological, hydrological, meteorological, and anthropogenic parameters, integrated into a robust Geographic Information System analytical matrix. Through strategic factor analysis and prioritization, the study distills a detailed flood susceptibility cartogram, classifying regional vulnerabilities into distinct risk echelons: high (encompassing 25%), moderate (38.1%), low (28.4%), and very low (8.5%). The final flood map highlights an acute susceptibility epicenter in the northeast, contrasting with the minimal threat southwest. This demarcation reaffirms the Analytic Hierarchy Process-Geographic Information System fusion's precision in translating multifaceted data into strategic intelligence, proving instrumental for scholars, administrative frameworks, and developmental strategists. The insights garnered are pivotal in sculpting informed urban development and flood counteractive blueprints, instrumental in mitigating flood repercussions and preserving ecological and human integrities.

Utilizing Static Pricing to Boost Room Revenue in Archipelago International Indonesia Hotels Group

Purpose: This research examines the implementation of static rates to increase room revenue at Archipelago International Indonesia Hotels Group. While the majority of Archipelago International management considers that dynamic rates are more effective at increasing room revenue, the impact of global economic events such as the Covid-19 pandemic, wars, and earthquakes (force majeure) has been underestimated. Static rates can be used to respond to economic downturns induced by these occurrences, which reduce demand. Research methods: This research uses qualitative research methodologies to assess current practices and offer ideal static rate models. It is supported by three concepts and theories: static rates, room revenue, and hotel management. This research also uses tourism economy and revenue management as theoretical foundations. Results and discussion: The findings highlight suboptimal implementation challenges and propose two models at Archipelago International Indonesia Hotels Group: (1) Static Rates Stand Alone: managed by the channel manager for a minimum two-night stay, beneficial for remote or pre-opening hotels, during low occupancy or economic downturns; and (2) Bundle Packages: combining room rates with other services to increase revenue and promote additional facilities. Implication: These models provide consistent pricing, improved forecasting, and increased brand awareness. Implementing these models can help Archipelago International optimize its revenue plans and financial performance.