Global Environment For Network Innovations Research Articles

An SDN controller-based framework for anomaly detection using a GAN ensemble algorithm

Of recent, a handful of machine learning techniques have been proposed to handle the task of intrusion detection with algorithms taking charge; these algorithms learn, from traffic flow examples, to distinguish between benign and anomalous network events. In this paper, we explore the use of a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) ensemble to detect anomalies in a Software-Defined Networking (SDN) environment using the Global Environment for Network Innovations (GENI) testbed over geographically separated instances. A controllerbased framework is proposed, comprising several components across the detection chain. A bespoke dataset is generated, addressing three of the most popular contemporary network attacks and using an SDN perspective. Evaluation results show great potential for detecting a wide array of anomalies.

Leveraging a cloud‐based testbed and software‐defined networking for cybersecurity and networking education

AbstractNowadays, real‐world learning modules become vital components in computer science and engineering in general and cybersecurity in particular. However, as student enrollments have been dramatically increasing, it becomes more challenging for a university/college to keep up with the quality of education that offers hands‐on experiment training for students thoroughly. These challenges include the difficulty of providing sufficient computing resources and keep them upgraded for the increasing number of students. In order for higher education institutions to conquer such challenges, some educators introduce an alternative solution. Namely, they develop and deploy virtual lab experiments on the clouds such as Amazon AWS and the Global Environment for Network Innovations (GENI), where students can remotely access virtual resources for lab experiments. Besides, Software‐Defined Networks (SDN) are an emerging networking technology to enhance the security and performance of networked communications with simple management. In this article, we present our efforts to develop learning modules via an efficient deployment of SDN on GENI for computer networking and security education. Specifically, we first give our design methodology of the proposed learning modules, and then detail the implementations of the learning modules by starting from user account creation on the GENI testbed to advanced experimental GENI‐enabled SDN labs. It is worth pointing out that in order to accommodate students with different backgrounds and knowledge levels, we consider the varying difficulty levels of learning modules in our design. Finally, student assessment over these pedagogical efforts is discussed to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed learning modules.

Approaches for creating infrastructures for network and Internet innovations

The aim of the present work is to consider the different options for building of test platforms (testbeds) for innovative research mainly on the next generation Internet. Test platforms for next generation networks in various related projects are considered: PlanetLab, Global Environment for Network Innovations (GENI), FIRE (Future Internet Research and Experimentation), FEDERICA, OneLab2, PANLAB, PII ( Panlab II, WISEBED. The results are related to obtaining summary information about the structures and features of the operation of the test platforms. Contributions to the work are the in-depth analysis of the features of building, virtualization, division and provision of shared resources, as well as the ways of unification (federation) and management of test platforms.

WITHDRAWN: An IoMT-based Cyber Training Framework for Orthopedic Surgery using Next Generation Internet Technologies

Abstract Internet of Things based approaches and frameworks hold significant potential in changing the way in which engineering activities are accomplished. The information centric revolution underway has served as a catalyst in the design of innovative methods and practices in several engineering and other domains. In this paper, an Internet of Medical Things based framework for surgical training is discussed in the broader context of Next Generation frameworks. The design and development of this Internet of Medical Things based framework involving adoption of Global Environment for Network Innovations based networking principles is elaborated. The Virtual Reality based simulation environments incorporate haptic based interfaces which support collaborative training and interactions among expert surgeons and residents in orthopedic surgery from distributed locations. The impact of using this Internet of Medical Things based framework for medical education has also been studied; the outcomes underscore the potential of adopting such Internet of Medical Things based approaches for medical education.

Realizing the Global Edge Cloud

The recent trend toward application hosting in large data centers should and will be counterbalanced by a ubiquitous edge cloud with deeply programmable networking. The Internet to date has been dominated by sending data to programs and people; the next Internet will be dominated by managing data and the connections to people generating and needing the data. In this article, we describe why the Internet is on the cusp of this transition, two prototypes of this next Internet, PlanetLab [1] and the Global Environment for Network Innovations (GENI) [2], and the architectural concepts that emerge from them. We describe the next step: the viral stage, GENI-as-a- Service.

Applying software-defined networking to minimize the end-to-end delay of network services

There is a grand challenge to transfer the gigantic volume of data generated from a variety of smart cities applications. It is an urgent need to efficiently and effectively transmit such time-sensitive data in a wide-area communication. In this paper, we propose an approach by leveraging Software-Defined Networking (SDN) to develop a communication solution for data transfers in smart city applications. Our approach is Quality of Service (QoS)-aware that minimizes the end-to-end delay for data transmission in an SDN infrastructure by using a Timestamp Recording method to compare the arrival and departure of flows and packets over a period. Finally, we evaluate our solution on the Global Environment for Network Innovations (GENI), a real-world federated testbed. We first compare the Timestamp Recording to other common delay measurement techniques. Our analysis demonstrates its effectiveness at scale. Additionally, we carefully examine the accuracy and efficiency in minimizing end-to-end delay delivered by our SDN solution with contrast to a non-optimized SDN environment. Our experiments demonstrate the proposed solution effective and efficient in delivering data with an optimal delay. Particularly, our solution reduces about 22% in end-to-end-delay compared to a non-optimized SDN environment.

VLnsight: enabling open innovation in networked vehicle sensing and control

Transforming traditional single-vehicle-based safety and efficiency control, networked VSC is expected to be a basic element of addressing the challenges for safety and sustainability of road transportation. However, vehicles remain largely as black boxes to researchers and application developers, and open source platforms for evaluating networked VSC solutions at high-fidelity and scale are still lacking. To exploit the potential of networked VSC, we develop the research infrastructure VInsight, which provides basic building blocks for gaining insight into vehicle internals and for enabling high-fidelity, at-scale evaluation of networked VSC solutions. More specifically, VInsight integrates the OpenXC vehicular sensing platform into the Global Environment for Network Innovations (GENI). VInsight deploys a WiMAX research network for integrating high-fidelity real-world vehicular sensing with at-scale ns-3 emulation in the GENI cloud computing facilities, and VInsight develops WiMAX measurement tools for understanding WiMAX link characteristics and driving high-fidelity emulation of networked VSC systems.1 The WiMAX network of VInsight also enables immediate applications such as campus safety patrol; this synergy with opt-in users enables the permanent deployment of VInsight for open innovation in networked VSC systems, thus helping develop solutions to address the grand challenges of road transportation today.

Hadoop‐based replica exchange over heterogeneous distributed cyberinfrastructures

SummaryWe present Hadoop‐based replica exchange (HaRE), a Hadoop‐based implementation of the replica exchange scheme developed primarily for replica exchange statistical temperature molecular dynamics, an example of a large‐scale, advanced sampling molecular dynamics simulation. By using Hadoop as a framework and the MapReduce model for driving replica exchange, an efficient task‐level parallelism is introduced to replica exchange statistical temperature molecular dynamics simulations. In order to demonstrate this, we investigate the performance of our application over various distributed cyberinfrastructures (DCI), including several high‐performance computing systems, our cyberinfrastructure for reconfigurable optical networks testbed, the global environment for network innovations testbed, and the CloudLab testbed. Scalability performance analysis is shown in terms of scale‐out and scale‐up over a single high‐performance computing cluster, EC2, and CloudLab and scale‐across with cyberinfrastructure for reconfigurable optical networks and global environment for network innovations. As a result, we demonstrate that HaRE is capable of efficient execution over both homogeneous and heterogeneous DCI of varying size and configuration. Contributing factors to performance are discussed in order to provide insight towards the effects of computing environment on the execution of HaRE. With these contributions, we propose that similar loosely coupled scientific applications can also take advantage of the scalable, task‐level parallelism Hadoop MapReduce provides over various DCI. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

A Virtual Id Routing Protocol for Future Dynamics Networks and Its Implementation Using the SDN Paradigm

In this paper, we propose Virtual Id Routing (VIRO) a novel "plug-&-play" non-IP routing protocol for future dynamics networks. VIRO decouples routing/forwarding from addressing by introducing a topology-aware, structured virtual id layer to encode the locations of switches and devices in the physical topology. It completely eliminates network-wide flooding in both the data and control planes, and thus is highly scalable and robust. VIRO effectively localizes the effect of failures, performs fast re-routing and supports multiple (logical) topologies on top of the same physical network substrate to further enhance network robustness. We have implemented an initial prototype of VIRO using Open vSwitch, and we extend it (both within the user space and the kernel space) to implement VIRO switching functions in VIRO switches. In addition, we use the POX SDN controller to implement VIRO's control and management plane functions. We evaluate our prototype implementation through emulation and in the GENI (the Global Environment for Network Innovations) testbed using many synthetic and real topologies. Our evaluation results show that VIRO has better scalability than link-state based protocols (e.g. OSPF and SEATTLE) in terms of routing-table size and control overhead, as well as better mechanisms for failure recovery.

Dynamic OpenFlow-Based Lightpath Restoration in Elastic Optical Networks on the GENI Testbed

Elastic optical networking (EON), with its flexible use of the optical spectrum, is a promising solution for future metro/core optical networking. For the deployment of EON in a real-operational scenario, the dynamic lightpath restoration, driven by an intelligent control plane, is a necessary network function. Dynamic restoration can restore network services automatically and, thus, greatly reduce the operational cost, compared with traditional manual or semistatic lightpath restoration strategies enabled by network operators via a network management system. To this end, in this paper, we present an OpenFlow-enabled dynamic lightpath restoration in elastic optical networks, detailing the restoration framework and algorithm, the failure isolation mechanism, and the proposed OpenFlow protocol extensions. We quantitatively present the restoration performance via control plane experimental tests on the Global Environment for Network Innovations testbed.

A Performance Perspective on Choosing between Single Aggregate and Multiple Aggregates for GENI Experime nts

The Global Environment for Network Innovations (GENI) provides a virtual laboratory for exploring future internets at scale. It consists of many geographically distributed aggregates for providing computing and networking resources for setting up network experiments. A key design question for GENI experimenters is where they should reserve the resources, and in particular whether they should reserve the resources from a single aggregate or from multiple aggregates. This not only depends on the nature of the experiment, but needs a better understanding of underlying GENI networks as well. This paper studies the performance of GENI networks, with a focus on the tradeoff between single aggregate and multiple aggregates in the design of GENI experiments from the performance perspective. The analysis of data collected will shed light on the decision process for designing GENI experiments.

Seamless QoE Support for Mobile Cloud Services Using IEEE802.21 MIH and the GENI Future Internet Framework

Mobile cloud service is the most important traffic generator today, and high data rate services in this area are increasing. The Virtual Desktop Infrastructure (VDI) is a circuit-like service that is widely deployed owing to its security merits and the resource constraints of mobile devices. However, VDI requires a high and guaranteed virtually constant wireless data rate. Thus, we focus on the problems that have to be resolved in order for IEEE802.21 Media Independent Handover (MIH) to support a guaranteed wireless data rate and also enable it to offer optimized and maximized data rate support for mobile cloud services. We also consider a virtual machine (VM) migration scheme that is tightly coupled to mobile networks and can minimize the user's service delay and reduce the bandwidth requirements of the wired network. We then present a consistent control framework by extending the Global Environment for Network Innovations (GENI) control framework to provide a single integrated control framework for cloud computing and Future Internet compatibility. Finally, we develop an experimental testbed using a mobile cloud computing environment and evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme. We show that the proposed method can enhance the Quality of Experience (QoE) of mobile cloud computing services with increased data rate support and a single consistent control framework that is compatible with the GENI-based Future Internet architecture. The results of evaluations conducted indicate that our proposed method provides 24%–41% better data rate compared to conventional methods.

Using OpenFlow to provide cut-through switching in MobilityFirst

Mobile devices are expected to become the Internet's predominant technology. Current protocols such as TCP/IP were not originally designed with mobility as a key consideration, and therefore underperform under challenging mobile and wireless conditions. MobilityFirst, a clean slate architecture proposal, embraces several key concepts centered around secure identifiers that inherently support mobility and trustworthiness as key requirements of the network architecture. This includes a hop-by-hop segmented data transport based on a globally unique identifier. This allows late and dynamic rebinding of end-point addresses to support mobility. While this provides critical gains in wireless segments, some overheads are incurred even in stable segments such as in the core. Bypassing routing-layer decisions in these cases, with lower layer cut-through forwarding, can improve said gains. In this work, we introduce a general bypass capability within the MobilityFirst architecture that provides better performance and enables both individual and aggregate flow-level traffic control. Furthermore, we present an OpenFlow-based proof-of-concept implementation of the bypass function using layer 2 VLAN tagging. We run experiments on the ORBIT and Global Environment for Network Innovations (GENI) testbeds to evaluate the performance and scalability of the solution. By implementing the bypass functionality, we are able to significantly reduce the number of messages processed by the controller as well as the number of flow rules that need to be pushed into the switches.

Creating environments for innovation: Designing and implementing advanced experimental network research testbeds based on the Global Lambda Integrated Facility and the StarLight Exchange

Large scale national and international experimental research environments are required to advance communication services and supporting network architecture, technology, and infrastructure. Theories and concepts are often explored using simulation and modeling techniques within labs or on small scale testbeds. However, while such testbeds are valuable resources for the research process, these facilities alone cannot provide an appropriate approximation of the real world conditions required to explore ideas at scale. Very large scale global, experimental network research capabilities are required to deeply investigate innovative concepts. For many years, network testbeds were created to address fairly specific, well defined, limited research goals, and they were implemented for fairly short periods. Recently, taking advantage of a number of macro information technology trends, such as virtualization and programmable resources, several network research communities have been developing innovative types of network research environments. Instead of designing traditional network testbeds, research communities are designing large scale, highly flexible distributed platforms that can be used to create many different types of testbeds. Also, rather than creating short term testbeds for limited research objectives, these new environments are being designed as long term persistent resources to support many types of experimental research. This paper describes the motivations for this trend, provides several examples of large scale distributed network research environments based on the Global Lambda Integrated Facility (GLIF) and the StarLight Exchange Facility, including the Global Environment for Network Innovation (GENI), and indicates emerging future trends for these types of environments.

Measuring experiments in GENI

Experimentation with new network architectures and protocols is one of the primary motivations for building future Internet testbeds such as the Global Environment for Network Innovations (GENI) testbed. A key part of experimentation is the ability to observe, measure, evaluate, and compare these new architectures and protocols. Observing an experiment’s network performance requires setting up the measurement infrastructure needed to monitor and record the behavior of the network. It also requires a full set of tools and user interfaces that enable access to the measurement data both while the experiment is running and later during post-analysis.To simplify the task of measuring experiments in future Internet testbeds like GENI, we developed an instrumentation and measurement system called INSTOOLS. It automates the process of setting up the measurement infrastructure, tailoring the measurement infrastructure and the data capture to the experimental network’s topology and configuration. In addition, INSTOOLS provides a suite of tools via its “portal” service that make it easy for users to observe, measure, format, and archive data from their experiments. This paper describes the INSTOOLS system and the set of interfaces/tools it offers to users. INSTOOLS has been in use for several years, and we provide performance results that illustrate its scalability. We also present our second-generation portal, the GENI One Stop Portal, that offers a comprehensive interface to a wide range of tools.

The Future of the Next-Generation Internet and Possible Applications into Education and Culture Heritage

There are several initiatives such as: US Ignite, Software Defined Networking (SDN), OpenFlow, Global Environment for Network Innovation (GENI), WiMAX and Internet 2 dealing with the future of the internet. The goal of the paper is to understand the goals, intricacies, and nuances of some of these techniques and show some of the possibilities of next-generation high-speed networking and their applications into education and culture heritage.

ProtoGENI, a Prototype GENI Under Security Vulnerabilities: An Experiment-Based Security Study

ProtoGENI is one of the prototype implementations of global environment for network innovations (GENI). ProtoGENI proposes and executes the GENI control framework, including resource management and allocation for authenticated and authorized experimenters. Security and inevitably are the most important concerns in the whole development process. In this paper, we study and evaluate its security vulnerabilities according to GENI's security goals. We analyze the threat model of ProtoGENI and categorize four broad classes of attacks. Based on the role of an active experimenter, we demonstrate experiments as proof of the concept that each class of attacks can be successfully launched using common open source network tools. We also present analysis and experiments that show perspectives on the potential risks from an external user. Furthermore, we discuss the feasibility and possible defense strategies on ProtoGENI security with respect to our preliminary experiments and potential future directions. Our contribution lies in examining known vulnerabilities without requiring sophisticated experiments while remaining effective. We have reported our findings to the ProtoGENI Team. Our work indicates that the solutions have been deployed. This paper validates that experiment-based vulnerability exploration is necessary.

Modeling and simulation techniques for future Internet ubiquitous world

Many experts foresee that an ever-increasing ubiquitous Internet world is emerging in the near future. Future Internet research and development threads have recently been gaining momentum all over the world and as such the international race to create a new generation Internet is in full swing: initiatives such as the Global Environment for Network Innovations – GENI (http://www.geni.net/), Asia Future Internet (http://www.asiafi.net/), Future Internet Forum Korea (http://fif.kr/), European Union Future Internet Assembly – FIA (http://www.future-Internet.eu/ home/future-Internet-assembly/madrid-dec-2008.html) are prime examples. In the Future Internet Ubiquitous World (FIUW), people and consumers would make extensive use of ubiquitous computing and communication, which is a post-desktop model of human–computer interaction. This model makes it possible for the information process to be thoroughly integrated into everyday objects, things, activities and infrastructures. This special issue aims to foster the dissemination of high-quality research in any new FIUW approach, method, theory, technique, or architecture, and to showcase the most recent developments and research in the FIUW field, as well as to enhance its state of the art. This issue invites original, high-quality papers that focus on theory, architectures, simulation modeling and analysis challenges faced by researchers seeking to develop new principles or gain greater insight into the design tradeoffs and performance limitations inherent to emerging and existing Internet technologies. This issue also seeks papers that emphasize either simulation methodology or application in the areas of information and service technology, networking and communications systems and infrastructure, including mobile computing systems and virtual network and service infrastructures. This special issue is aimed at soliciting research results on the following topics of interest (but this list is not exhaustive):

PrimoGENI for hybrid network simulation and emulation experiments in GENI

The Global Environment for Network Innovations (GENI) is a community-driven research and development effort to build a collaborative and exploratory network experimentation platform—a ‘virtual laboratory’ for the design, implementation, and evaluation of future networks. The PrimoGENI project enables real-time network simulation by extending an existing network simulator to become part of the GENI federation to support large-scale experiments involving physical, simulated, and emulated network entities. In this paper, we describe a novel design of PrimoGENI, which aims at supporting realistic, scalable, and flexible network experiments with real-time simulation and emulation capabilities. We present a flexible emulation infrastructure that allows both remote client machines, local cluster nodes running virtual machines, and external networks to seamlessly interoperate with the simulated network running within a designated ‘slice’ of resources. We present the results of our preliminary validation and performance studies to demonstrate the capabilities as well as limitations of our approach.

Introduction to network experiments using the GENI cyberinfrastructure

In this tutorial, we will introduce the SIGMETRICS/Performance community to the vast testbeds, tools and resources openly available through the GENI (Global Environment for Network Innovations) project. We will present details about the distributed computing resources available on GENI for researchers interested in simulation as well as measurement-based performance evaluation experiments. We will demonstrate simple experiments on GENI, and leave them with information on how to run experiments for research and education using GENI resources.