Global Diversity Research Articles

The Impact of Language and Social Communication on the Sense of Belonging among International Students Using ScLINGO Application

The UK's Higher Education landscape embraces global diversity, with the country ranking second as a destination for international students. However, limited research attention has been given to understanding the challenges faced by these students, particularly regarding language proficiency and cultural adaptation, which affect their sense of belonging. This study aims to address these challenges by investigating the impact of ScLINGO, a web-based gaming platform, on enhancing language skills and fostering social integration among international students, including those studying to become health professionals. Drawing on existing literature, the study seeks to fill this gap and promote sociocultural adaptation through a digital gamified language-learning tool. ScLINGO offers personalized bingo cards and interactive language exercises to familiarize players with everyday phrases and enhance language proficiency, encouraging both independent learning and collaborative interaction. The study navigates through three phases of game development, informed by insights and feedback from practitioners, students, and technology developers. By promoting cross-cultural competence and communication, the study aims to create a more inclusive higher education environment. ScLINGO's pilot phase addresses the rationale behind the game, building-up phases, and stakeholder feedback, anticipating its role in addressing cross-cultural maladjustment and facilitating effective support mechanisms for international students. Ultimately, the findings aim to contribute to the development

Meningkatkan Karakter Kepemimpinan Siswa dengan Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning pada Materi Daud Sang Pemimpin Kelas V SD Yos Sudarso Cigugur

In the era of accelerated digitalization, various new problems have emerged among students, especially in the current post-pandemic era. Even though the development of technology and science is growing rapidly, it has given rise to various student character anomalies that are emerging now. The Covid-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on the Indonesian education sector. So there is a kind of alibi that during the pandemic, students did not receive enough character education during the period of social restrictions. Therefore, efforts are needed to improve students' leadership character in the education sector which is supported by increasing the variables of independence, discipline and responsibility. This effort is in line with the values ​​of the Pancasila Student Profile which affirms student competence in the dimensions of faith, devotion to God Almighty, and noble character, global diversity, mutual cooperation, independence, critical reasoning and creativity. The researcher assumes that to improve the leadership character of Class V students at Yos Sudarso Cigugur Elementary School based on Minimum Completeness Criteria (KKM), the researcher applies the Problem Based Learning model as a strategy to support the process of actively developing student independence in two research cycles. Researchers conducted Classroom Action Research "Improving Student Leadership Character with a Problem Based Learning Model on Material from Daud the Class V Leader of Yos Sudarso Cigugur Elementary School" as an effort to overcome learning loss caused by the Covid-19 pandemic.

Review of agronomic and kernel quality traits of 273 almond cultivars

AbstractAlmond stands out as one of the best-adapted temperate tree species globally. Its adaptability facilitated a widespread distribution from Central Asia to regions such as the Mediterranean, the United States, and Australia, enabling the adaptation of different genotypes to specific edaphoclimatic conditions. Throughout this spreading process, diverse almond landraces were selected in each growing area, resulting in a collection with varying agronomic and kernel quality properties well adapted to each origin. In addition to these native cultivars, various almond breeding programs, both public and private, released new cultivars to address key issues related to the production and kernel quality of traditional cultivars. This collective effort has resulted in a wide range of cultivars with diverse phenotypic characteristics, available for cultivation and breeding purposes. In this review, we summarize the main agronomic and kernel quality characteristics of globally available cultivated almond germplasm. This germplasm comprises genotypes from Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Australia, and Europe, either locally cultivated or released from breeding programs. For each cultivar, we provide information (if known) on the origin, parentage, year of introduction, self-(in)compatibility, S alleles, blooming time, chilling, and heat requirements, bearing habits, kernel and shell characteristics, harvesting time, tree characteristic, and disease susceptibility/resistance. In conclusion, the global diversity of cultivated almond germplasm presented in this review provides a valuable repository of phenotypic traits and genetic resources to continue advancements in almond cultivation and breeding worldwide.

Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas IV menggunakan Metode Problem Based Learning dengan Media Video di UPT SDN Negeri 003 Pasaribu

The background of this study is the lack of optimal student learning outcomes at SDN 003 Pasaribu. There are these problems, so efforts are made to improve learning so that student learning outcomes can be improved through classroom action research. This Classroom Action Research (PTK) aims to improve the learning outcomes of grade IV students of SD Negeri 003 Pasaribu through the application of the Problem Based Learning model with the help of videos. The data collection technique uses a learning outcome test (post-test) and an attitude observation sheet according to the dimensions of the Pancasila Student Profile; namely Faith, Fear of God Almighty, and Noble Character, Global Diversity, Mutual Cooperation, Independence, Critical Reasoning, Creative. The results show that the application of the PBL model can improve student learning outcomes as shown through the comparison of post-test scores in cycles I and II. Thus, the PBL model has proven to be effective in improving the learning outcomes of grade IV students of SD Negeri 003 Pasaribu.

Global Avian Functional Diversity Depends on the World's Most Widespread and Distinct Birds.

The relationship between global trait distinctiveness and geographic range size is an emerging pattern of interest in macroecology. Early observations suggested that the relationship was positive, implying that globally widespread species hold the rarest combinations of traits. Here, we formally describe and test the relationship in the world's birds and consider its implications for global functional diversity and redundancy. We demonstrate that the relationship is best described as triangular with a positive upper boundary, with its linear model significance lost when including phylogenetic effects. The triangular relationship is formed by groups of phylogenetically related widespread species with moderate and high trait distinctiveness. Decomposing the relationship further using quantile regression highlights the unique traits of these widespread birds. Overall, the triangular relationship emphasises that while not all widespread species have rare trait combinations, those that do should not be overlooked in conservation efforts, regardless of their current threat status.

Latitudinal gradients of biodiversity and ecosystem services in protected and non-protected oak forest areas can inform climate smart conservation

Adaptive governance of areas set aside for future protection of biodiversity, sustainable production, and recreation requires knowledge about whether and how effects of area protection are modulated by climate change and redistribution of species. To investigate this, we compare biodiversity of plants (assessed using vegetation plots) and arthropods (collected with Malaise traps, analyzed using metabarcoding) and productivity (tree growth, determined using dendrochronology) in protected and non-protected oak (Quercus spp.) forests along a latitudinal gradient (55.6 °N – 60.8 °N) in Sweden. We also compare historical, recent and projected future climate in the region. In contrast to established global latitudinal diversity gradients, species richness of plants and arthropods increased northwards, possibly reflecting recent climate-induced community redistributions, but neither was higher in protected than in non-protected areas, nor associated with contemporary ground temperature. Species composition of arthropods also did not differ between protected and non-protected areas. Arthropod biomass increased with latitude, suggesting that the magnitude of cascading effects mediated via their roles as pollinators, herbivores, and prey for other trophic levels, varies geographically and will change with a moving climate. Annual growth rate of oaks (an ecosystem service in the form of biomass increase and carbon sequestration) was independent of latitude and did not differ between protected and non-protected areas. Our findings question the efficacy of contemporary designation and management of protected oak forests, and emphasize that development and implementation of modified climate smart conservation strategies is needed to safeguard ecosystem functioning, biodiversity, and recreational values of protected forest areas against future challenges.

Deskripsi Strategi Guru Menanamkan Profil Pelajar Pancasila SDN 17 Pontianak Kota

This study aims to describe the teacher's strategy to instill a student's Pancasila learner profile carried out in class. The research method uses descriptive qualitative research type of case study and data collection techniques through interviews, observation and documentation. The results showed that the implementation of the class teacher's strategy in instilling the profile of Pancasila students in class IV A has been carried out by teachers through several strategies that have been implemented such as (1) The teacher's strategy to instill the profile of Pancasila students in the dimensions of faith, piety to God Almighty and noble character by teaching students to apply religious values at school, behaving positively as a role model for students. (2) The teacher's strategy to instill the global diversity dimension of the Pancasila learner profile by providing an understanding of the cultures that exist in Indonesia, applying tolerance. (3) The teacher's strategy to instill the profile of Pancasila students in the dimension of mutual cooperation by increasing students' cooperation skills. (4) The teacher's strategy to instill an independent dimension of the Pancasila learner profile by providing tasks that must be done by students themselves. (5) The teacher's strategy to instill the profile of Pancasila learners in the dimension of critical reasoning by involving students in open discussions. (6) The teacher's strategy instills the creative dimension by giving art or craft project assignments. Obstacles contained in the application of class IV A strategies to instill the profile of Pancasila learners.

First molecular characterisation of Hydatigera taeniaeformis (Cestoda: Taeniidae) from Rattus rattus in urban market centres from Tamale, Ghana

BackgroundThe common cat tapeworm, Hydatigera taeniaeformis, is widely distributed across many regions of the world but its global genetic diversity, ecology, and other biological features are not fully understood. The predator-prey relationship of felids and rodents sustains the transmission in both sylvatic and synanthropic or urban settings. This study was carried out in three urban market centres in Tamale, Ghana to determine the prevalence of H. taeniaeformis infection in urban rats and characterise the local population genetics using the mitochondrial nad1 gene sequences.MethodsFrom January to May 2023, rats were captured and euthanized to identity and isolate the H. taeniaeformis metacestodes. The full mitochondrial nad1 gene was amplified, sequenced and used to characterise the cestode population.ResultsIn total 64/80 rats from the three market centres were found naturally infected with metacestodes of H. taeniaeformis. Averagely, infected rats harboured two cysts with one exceptional case of 25 cysts in one liver. Each cyst harboured one metacestode. The DNA sequences revealed four haplotypes in a star-like distribution network across the three market centres. All four haplotypes were found to be unique, clustered with H. taeniaeformis sensu stricto (s.s.) global isolates and had only marginal variation among themselves.ConclusionThis is the first account of the genetic variability within H. taeniaeformis in Ghana and would contribute to ongoing and future studies on African regional biogeographic distribution of the common cat tapeworm.

Ethical and epistemic costs of a lack of geographical and cultural diversity in developmental science.

Increasing geographical and cultural diversity in research participation has been a key priority for psychological researchers. In this article, we track changes in participant diversity in developmental science over the past decade. These analyses reveal surprisingly modest shifts in global diversity of research participants over time, calling into question the generalizability of our empirical foundation. We provide examples from the study of early child development of the significant epistemic and ethical costs of a lack of geographical and cultural diversity to demonstrate why greater diversification is essential to a generalizable science of human development. We also discuss strategies for diversification that could be implemented throughout the research ecosystem in the service of a culturally anchored, generalizable, and replicable science. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Research on Innovative Development of Miao Embroidery Intangible Cultural Heritage in Guizhou, China Based on Digital Design

Objective – Miao embroidery is vital to Miao culture, representing their national identity through its patterns and colours. However, in the face of globalization and the digital age, there is an urgent need to combine tradition with modern technology to innovate and preserve Miao embroidery. Methodology – In this study, we explored the artistic characteristics of Miao embroidery by digital means and used computer design tools to refine the pattern elements and colour genes. Research methods combine qualitative and quantitative analysis, including phenomenology, ethnographic research, content analysis, questionnaires, image and colour analysis, etc. Findings – Through computer graphics software, pattern colour extraction, and innovation are realized, the integration of traditional culture and modern design is promoted, and a new way is provided for the digital protection and dissemination of intangible cultural heritage. Novelty – The research enhances the vitality and influence of Miao embroidery in global cultural diversity and includes case studies and practices of digitized intangible cultural heritage. Type of Paper: Empirical JEL Classification: O10, O19, O33. Keywords: Guizhou Miao embroidery; cultural innovation; qualitative and quantitative analysis; digitized intangible cultural heritage Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Na Z; Sharudin, S.A. (2024). Research on Innovative Development of Miao Embroidery Intangible Cultural Heritage in Guizhou, China Based on Digital Design, J. Bus. Econ. Review, 9(2), 85–94. https://doi.org/10.35609/jber.2024.9.2(1)

Analysis of Disseminating Intangible Cultural Heritage to ASEAN Countries Through AIGC: The Case of Chinese Tea Culture

Intangible cultural heritage represents a vital aspect of global cultural diversity, embodying historical wisdom and identity across various regions. Chinese tea culture exemplifies this heritage with its unique traditions of tea-making, teaware craftsmanship, and philosophical underpinnings. However, globalization presents challenges such as language barriers, inefficiencies in traditional transmission methods, and economic marginalization. Artificial Intelligence-Generated Content (AIGC) emerges as a transformative tool to address these challenges, utilizing machine learning and natural language processing to tailor cultural content and enhance its global dissemination. This paper explores the impact of AIGC on the promotion of Chinese tea culture in ASEAN countries, highlighting its role in broadening cultural influence through innovative technologies like virtual reality and augmented reality. The integration of tea culture into daily life in ASEAN nations, particularly in Singapore and Malaysia, underscores its resonance and acceptance, facilitated further by digital platforms and social media. As AIGC continues to evolve, future research should focus on ethical considerations and methodologies for preserving cultural authenticity while leveraging technological advancements.

Finally Freed-Cannabis in South Africa: A Review Contextualised within Global History, Diversity, and Chemical Profiles.

Cannabis sativa L. is a monotypic genus belonging to the family Cannabaceae. It is one of the oldest species cultivated by humans, believed to have originated in Central Asia. In pivotal judgements in 2016 and 2018, the South African Constitutional Court legalised the use of Cannabis within the country for medicinal and recreational purposes, respectively. These decrees opened opportunities for in-depth research where previously there had been varying sentiments for research to be conducted on the plant. This review seeks to examine the history, genetic diversity, and chemical profile of Cannabis. The cultivation of Cannabis by indigenous people of southern Africa dates back to the eighteenth century. Indigenous rural communities have been supporting their livelihoods through Cannabis farming even before its legalisation. However, there are limited studies on the plant's diversity, both morphologically and genetically, and its chemical composition. Also, there is a lack of proper documentation of Cannabis varieties in southern Africa. Currently, the National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) has 15 genome assemblies of Cannabis obtained from hemp and drug cultivars; however, none of these are representatives of African samples. More studies are needed to explore the species' knowledge gaps on genetic diversity and chemical profiles to develop the Cannabis sector in southern Africa.

Making gene editing accessible in resource limited environments: recommendations to guide a first-time user.

The designer nuclease, CRISPR-Cas9 system has advanced the field of genome engineering owing to its programmability and ease of use. The application of these molecular scissors for genome engineering earned the developing researchers the Nobel prize in Chemistry in the year 2020. At present, the potential of this technology to improve global challenges continues to grow exponentially. CRISPR-Cas9 shows promise in the recent advances made in the Global North such as the FDA-approved gene therapy for the treatment of sickle cell anaemia and β-thalassemia and the gene editing of porcine kidney for xenotransplantation into humans affected by end-stage kidney failure. Limited resources, low government investment with an allocation of 1% of gross domestic production to research and development including a shortage of skilled professionals and lack of knowledge may preclude the use of this revolutionary technology in the Global South where the countries involved have reduced science and technology budgets. Focusing on the practical application of genome engineering, successful genetic manipulation is not easily accomplishable and is influenced by the chromatin landscape of the target locus, guide RNA selection, the experimental design including the profiling of the gene edited cells, which impacts the overall outcome achieved. Our assessment primarily delves into economical approaches of performing efficient genome engineering to support the first-time user restricted by limited resources with the aim of democratizing the use of the technology across low- and middle-income countries. Here we provide a comprehensive overview on existing experimental techniques, the significance for target locus analysis and current pitfalls such as the underrepresentation of global genetic diversity. Several perspectives of genome engineering approaches are outlined, which can be adopted in a resource limited setting to enable a higher success rate of genome editing-based innovations in low- and middle-income countries.

THE CONTENT ANALYSIS OF CULTURAL VALUES IN READING TEXT IN ENGLISH TEXTBOOK AT THE EIGHTH GRADE AT SMP NEGERI 1 GUNUNGSITOLI

Cultural values are the basis of thinking and views of a community group that has been studied and selected so that it is considered good, therefore cultural values based learning is very important for the easy generation of a nation. In Indonesia, cultural values in education are included in the independent curriculum and are referred to as the Pancasila student profile. These values must be applied in learning including in learning materials as a form of strengthening the cultural values of the nation's children in the midst of global progress. Given the importance of this, this study aims to analyze cultural values in reading texts contained in English textbooks at UPTD SMP Negeri 1 Gunungsitoli. The main purpose of this study is to analyze and describe the cultural values in the reading text, how the author implements the meaning in the sentence and whether the reading text in the book have met the purpose of the curriculum. This research used a qualitative approach and content analysis technique. The data analysis technique is based on the theory namely familiarizing and organizing, coding and reduction and interpreting and representing. Data collection was based on using check table instruments and document analysis. Data were collected through analysis of reading texts in the English for Nusantara book at UPTD SMP Negeri 1 Gunungsitoli. Then the data collected was processed qualitatively to analyze the patterns and meanings by the cultural values in the Pancasila student profile. The results showed that five dimensions were successfully adapted in the reading text, namely the dimension of faith, ear o almighty God and noble morals, the second dimension of global diversity, the third dimension of cooperation, the fourth dimension of independence and the fifth dimension of creativity. The only dimension that was not found was the critical reasoning dimension. The next finding is the meaning integration technique conveyed in the text sentences based on the results of the analysis, the researcher found two types of meaning adaptation in the sentences in the text, namely explicit and implicit. Between the two, the explicit adaptation technique is the most widely used by book authors while implicit is used the least. Based on these two findings, the researcher concluded that the author still needs to pay attention to embedding the value of the Pancasila student profile into the student reading text.

Can we leverage botanical gardens to study global plant functional diversity?

AbstractBiodiversity is a multidimensional concept spanning the diversity of organismal form and function (functional diversity) together with taxonomic and genetic diversity. In the case of plants, botanical gardens have historically strived to preserve taxonomic diversity with a global scope. However, their success in preserving global functional diversity lacks testing. Given that living collections in botanical gardens span major global vegetation types and evolutionary histories, it is reasonable to expect that a species assemblage in a botanical garden is a representative random sample of global vegetation. In such a case, botanical gardens should contain global functional diversity. Testing for this could elect botanical gardens as laboratories for studying global plant functional diversity, providing a much‐needed alternative in the way we study global patterns of this diversity facet.

Abstract B012: Prioritization of ancestry-specific variations in disease data helps to alleviate bias in genomic data

Abstract 95% of sequencing data is from individuals of European descent. Underrepresentation of non- European individuals in genomic resources has limited our understanding of the effects of population-specific variants on complex traits and disease. Human populations have undergone selection for variants beneficial to survival in their environment, resulting in individuals with genetic variants unique to their ancestral populations. While these variants can impact disease occurrence and treatment outcome, genetic ancestry is often unaccounted for in disease modeling. Lack of ancestral population representation in data has led to disparate disease outcomes and treatment. While the primary proposed solution to this problem is more diverse sequencing of patients, these efforts will take years of effort and continual work to maintain the diversity balance. Additionally, they will not solve the issue; clinical trials cannot expect to capture human global diversity at every stage. Here we show we can mitigate data bias by utilizing readily available genomic population databases to target genes with ancestrally relevant variations. Our AI model, PhyloFrame, creates equitable gene signatures from transcriptomic input data. PhyloFrame corrects for ancestral bias in data by utilizing genomic population databases and functional interaction networks to identify genes both relevant to disease and associated with a variant unique to a single ancestry. PhyloFrame uses gnomAD data to quantify genome-wide ancestry-specific allele frequencies from a large cohort of healthy individuals, which PhyloFrame uses to create ancestry-agnostic signatures when modeling disease data. Our model demonstrates the utility of including readily available population-level data from healthy individuals in AI methods to overcome existing genomic data bias. PhyloFrame serves also as a demonstration of how equitable AI methods create gene signatures applicable across ancestries without requiring sample-specific ancestry information. Our model demonstrates how AI can be used to help mitigate ancestral bias in genomic data using preexisting data and contribute to equitable representation in medical research. Citation Format: Leslie A. Smith, Kiley Graim, James A. Cahill. Prioritization of ancestry-specific variations in disease data helps to alleviate bias in genomic data [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 17th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2024 Sep 21-24; Los Angeles, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024;33(9 Suppl):Abstract nr B012.

The diversity and biogeography of bacterial communities in lake sediments across different climate zones

Bacteria are diverse and play important roles in biogeochemical cycling of aquatic ecosystems, but the global distribution patterns of bacterial communities in lake sediments across different climate zones are still obscure. Here we integrated the high-throughput sequencing data of 750 sediment samples from published literature to investigate the distribution of bacterial communities in different climate zones and the potential driving mechanisms. The obtained results indicated that the diversity and richness of bacterial community were notably higher in temperate and cold zones than those in other climate zones. In addition, the bacterial community composition varied significantly in different climate zones, which further led to changes in bacterial functional groups. Specifically, the relative abundance of nitrogen cycling functional groups in polar zones was notably higher compared to other climate zones. Regression analysis revealed that climate (mean annual precipitation, MAP; and mean annual temperature, MAT), vegetation, and geography together determined the diversity pattern of sediment bacterial community on a global scale. The results of partial least squares path modeling further demonstrated that climate was the most significant factor affecting the composition and diversity of bacterial communities, and MAP was the most important climate factor affecting the composition of bacteria community (R2 = 0.443, P < 0.001). It is worth noting that a strong positive correlation was observed between the abundance of the dominant bacterial group uncultured_f_Anaerolineaceae and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI; P < 0.001), suggesting that vegetation could affect bacterial community diversity by influencing dominant bacterial taxa. This study enhances our understanding of the global diversity patterns and biogeography of sediment bacteria.

Profile of Pancasila Students Through Culture-Based Learning in Elementary Schools within the Independent Curriculum in Indonesia

The profile of Pancasila students is an essential characteristic that students must possess. However, in real-world conditions, it is still observed that students lack knowledge and appreciation of their own cultures, and interactions among students often lead to conflicts. The purpose of this research is to assess the application of culture-based learning in relation to the Pancasila Student Profile. This research is experimental in nature. The population as well as the sample consists of 15 fourth-grade students. The design used is a one-group posttest design. The instrument used is a questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted using the One-Sample Test, resulting in a t-value of 5.041 and a t-table value of 1.76131. Since the t-value is greater than the t-table value, it can be concluded that culture-based learning has a positive impact on the Pancasila student profile, particularly in the aspect of global diversity.

NeuroBooster Array: A Genome-Wide Genotyping Platform to Study Neurological Disorders Across Diverse Populations.

Commercial genome-wide genotyping arrays have historically neglected coverage of genetic variation across populations. We aimed to create a multi-ancestry genome-wide array that would include a wide range of neuro-specific genetic content to facilitate genetic research in neurological disorders across multiple ancestral groups, fostering diversity and inclusivity in research studies. We developed the Illumina NeuroBooster Array (NBA), a custom high-throughput and cost-effective platform on a backbone of 1,914,934 variants from the Infinium Global Diversity Array and added custom content comprising 95,273 variants associated with more than 70 neurological conditions or traits, and we further tested its performance on more than 2000 patient samples. This novel platform includes approximately 10,000 tagging variants to facilitate imputation and analyses of neurodegenerative disease-related genome-wide association study loci across diverse populations. In this article, we describe NBA's potential as an efficient means for researchers to assess known and novel disease genetic associations in a multi-ancestry framework. The NBA can identify rare genetic variants and accurately impute more than 15 million common variants across populations. Apart from enabling sample prioritization for further whole-genome sequencing studies, we envisage that NBA will play a pivotal role in recruitment for interventional studies in the precision medicine space. From a broader perspective, the NBA serves as a promising means to foster collaborative research endeavors in the field of neurological disorders worldwide. Ultimately, this carefully designed tool is poised to make a substantial contribution to uncovering the genetic etiology underlying these debilitating conditions. © 2024 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.

Aktualisasi Nilai Berkebhinekaan Global pada Perilaku Siswa Kelas IV di SD Negeri 34 Parit Madura

This study aims to determine the actualization of the value of global diversity in the behavior of grade IV students at SD Negeri 34 Parit Madura. The research method used is a calytic method with a descriptive approach. The data collection technique in this study uses observation and documentation techniques. Data analysis was carried out qualitatively consisting of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of this study show that grade IV students of SD Negeri 34 Parit Madura show positive results in various aspects of diversity attitudes. The attitude of knowing and appreciating other cultures obtained an average of 80%, indicating that most students are able to appreciate and accept cultural, religious, and ethnic diversity. Intercultural communication skills are also excellent with an average of 88%, reflecting students' skills in interacting effectively with various cultural backgrounds. Openness and tolerance reached an average of 79%, indicating students' readiness to learn from different perspectives and adjust to a multicultural environment. Finally, attitudes of reflection and responsibility towards diversity experiences reached an average of 87%, indicating students' understanding of human rights and rejection of discrimination. Overall, students showed a strong and positive attitude in applying the value of diversity