Global Defense Research Articles

Localización de una plataforma de cross docking en el contexto de logística focalizada utilizando distancias euclidianas

El actual contexto de los escenarios globales de defensa ha impulsado el desarrollo de conceptos cómo el de logística focalizada, creado para brindar soporte logístico en ambientes de alta volatilidad e incertidumbre. Dentro de ese marco la logística focalizada requiere de herramientas que permitan agilizar los procesos de toma de decisiones en donde la modelación matemática es útil como herramienta de soporte. En orden a lo anterior, se presenta un modelo que pretende soportar la decisión de localización de una plataforma de cross-docking y asignación de medios de transporte utilizando distancias euclidianas de tal manera que se permita garantizar una distribución ágil desde orígenes de suministro hasta los orígenes de demanda siendo especialmente novedosa la estratégica de solución del mismo.

Japan's Constitutional Revision Debate under Prime Minister Abe Shinzō and its Implications for Japan's Foreign Relations

Japan's constitutional revision and resultant remilitarization can affect the balance of power in the international system beyond its national borders. This paper critically analyzes the constitutional revision debate in contemporary Japan and the implications for Japan's foreign relations if or when it becomes constitutional for the island nation to possess military forces. It argues that justification for constitutional revision is based on political myth rather than historical reality and rational analysis, and also that a militarized Japan will not enhance its independence or international prestige. Rather, there is the great fear that a new Japan will be further subordinated to the United States as a critical part of the latter's global strategy and defense mechanism.

Hidden depths: Tracing corporate ownership and its implications in the U.K. defence industry

Over the last 15 years, the ownership of U.K. and global defense companies has changed beyond recognition. A series of mergers, takeovers, strategic alliances and joint ventures in the defense industry, within and across geographic borders, has created a number of major defense systems providers, supported by a larger but again increasingly concentrated group of first-tier supply chain companies. The complex ownership matrix that emerges from this process of industrial restructuring is well-known although the implications for the industry and for corporate behavior have been less well explored. Furthermore, behind the scenes, an even more complex, almost invisible ownership revolution is taking place as the nature, origin, and power of global investors shows distinct signs of change. There has been little research into who actually owns the defense industry. The article sets out ask how that ownership is changing, and with what consequences. These issues are examined from the perspective of a sample of U.K. defense companies. The article also seeks to address the fundamental question: Does defense company ownership matter?

Modelo para la Localización de un Plataforma de Cross Docking en el Contexto de Logística Focalizada

The current context of global defence scenarios has enhanced development of new concepts like focused logistics concept. Focused logistics is a concept created to support logistics operations in uncertainty environments. In this framework focused logistics needs tools to enable an agile, reliable and accurate decision processes. In order of these requirements, this paper shows a mathematical model as a support tool to find a good location of a cross-docking facility and allocate workloads of different kinds of vehicles from suppliers to demand centres being especially innovative to the strategy used for the solution of the present model.

U.S. Bases and Democratization in Central Asia

Under the Pentagon's current Global Defense Posture Review (GDPR), the United States is reducing its forces in several major Cold War base hosts and establishing a global network of smaller, more flexible facilities in new areas such as Central Asia, the Black Sea and Africa. Drawing upon recent evidence from the Central Asian base hosts of Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan, this article cautions that these new U.S. overseas bases, despite their lighter footprint and regardless of the prevailing security situation, risk becoming enmeshed in the local struggles and political agendas of elites within these hosts. Periods of turbulent democratic transition and regime instability may encourage host country politicians to challenge the legitimacy and terms of the U.S. basing presence for their own political purposes. These are important lessons for U.S. planners who are simultaneously promoting democratization while they negotiate basing and military access agreements in these same politically volatile hosts.

Establishing Pediatric Cardiovascular Services in the Developing World

There is increasing realization that the lack of facilities for sustainable pediatric cardiac services in the developing world results in a massive number of preventable deaths and suffering. It is estimated that 15 million children die or are crippled annually by potentially treatable or preventable cardiac diseases. Ignored for a long time, this issue is starting to be a cause of major concern to individuals, governments, and, most importantly, cardiovascular specialists who can appreciate the gravity of the problem and that the current situation is unacceptable. What then can be done to alleviate the problem, by whom, and how? In this issue of Circulation , Larrazabal et al describe the pioneering efforts of Castenada and his colleagues in Guatemala.1 This should act as a model and a source of inspiration in this field. This editorial is an attempt to outline some of the issues that relate to the problem, such as estimates of its size, and explores potential, long-lasting solutions. Article p 1882 The pediatric population constitutes a larger proportion of the community in developing countries, with ≈40% of individuals <18 years old in some countries. Children in developing countries have a significantly higher incidence and prevalence of serious cardiac diseases.2 This is contributed to by a variety of factors that include a lack of early correction of congenital cardiac abnormalities that results in accumulation of a large number of children with uncorrected anomalies who survive the neonatal period. In addition, many of these children develop more rapid deterioration in their clinical condition as a result of accelerated forms of secondary changes in the heart and other organs, such as pulmonary hypertension. Some of these changes could be the result of genetic and/or environmental factors such as pollution or infection. Furthermore, endemic “neglected” cardiac diseases such as rheumatic …

Fighting Global Poverty, Three Ways

This article provides a critical assessment of three ambitious books (Sachs's The End of Poverty, Bhagwati's In Defense of Globalization, and Easterly's The Elusive Quest for Growth ), each of which seeks to (re)frame debates over poverty, development, growth, globalization, and more. The insights and shortcomings of these three books remind us that the status quo is not working and that a rich understanding of globalization and development requires a serious consideration of alternative visions of each.

New Challenges for Defense, Security and the Public Finances

This paper provides an introductory background to the symposium on defense, security and the public finances. It outlines the recent dramatic transformation of both the global defense industry and the geo-political environment within which it has to operate. Within this, changing political, strategic and military strategies are reviewed and the principal factors driving change in the defense sector are explored. the paper reviews the consequences of the end of the Cold War and explores the impact of recent ethic conflict, the Iraq and Afghanistan developments and the terrorist threat. Additional forces driving change in defense are also considered; in particular, the so-called ‘revolution in military affairs’ and the widespread restructuring of the defense industrial base over the last decade and a half. Finally, budgetary response is discussed briefly before an overview of the papers contained in this symposium is presented.

Why The Critics Of Globalization Are Mistaken

Being invited to give the Tinbergen Lecture is a privilege for any economist. But for me it is also a great pleasure as it brings back to me memories of, not just a great economist who won the first Nobel prize in Economics, but of a great humanist whose example affected me deeply. I first met him in Cambridge, Massachusetts, when I was a student at MIT and he was a Visiting Professor at Harvard. He was kind enough to invite me, among other students, to his home for dinner. I recall his saying, with a sense of puzzlement rather than deprecation, that many of his Harvard students had come to him just before the final examination, and had asked him: When you put down dy/dx, why don’t you cancel out the ‘d’? Well, that could not have been a question asked by MIT students! Perhaps that was why, when Professor Paul Samuelson, my teacher and then colleague and now friend, wished us to understand why the Stolper–Samuelson theorem worked because the tradeinduced reallocation of resources changed the capital/labor ratios in both goods in the same direction, he said: imagine that the worst student at MIT flunks out and joins Harvard; the average IQ in both MIT and Harvard goes up. But my next meeting was more dramatic. I had gone as a youthful OECD “consultant” to work for 3 months in the Devlet Planlama Teskilati, Turkey’s Planning Commission, in 1962. There I was, staying at a posh hotel, earning ∗ This is the final text of the Tinbergen Lecture delivered to the Royal Netherlands Economic Association in Amsterdam in October 2006. The author is University Professor, Economics and Law, Columbia University, and Senior Fellow in International Economics at the Council on Foreign Relations. His latest books, Free Trade Today (Princeton, 2002) and In Defense of Globalization (Oxford, 2004) present the economic case and the social case for globalization and for free trade, respectively in far greater depth than a Lecture permits. Some of the arguments in this Lecture will be developed further in a substantial Afterword to the new edition of In Defense of Glob

Realigning the U.S. Forces and South Korea's Defense Reform 2020

Abstract In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, the Pentagon came up with the Global Defense Posture Review in an effort to effectively deal with the terrorist threats. The U.S. Defense Department's strong commitment to the military transformation stems from America's successful wars in Kosovo and Afghanistan. The idea of network-centric warfare for speed-oriented effect-based operations necessitated the Pentagon to change America's global footprints toward reshaping its military to be able to rapidly respond to the elusive and transnational threats. The U.S. Forces in Korea (USFK) accordingly proceeded to relocate the heavily armed division-strong ground forces (2nd Infantry Division) near the DMZ to south of the Han River where expeditionary airlift or sealift would be readily provided. Facing growing concerns among senior Koreans over decreased readiness against North Korea's surprise attack, the USFK promised to introduce 140 new items of highly lethal and effective ISR PGMs assets to Korea. At the same time, the ROK armed forces are required to increase their combat capability and to assume more responsibility for defense on the peninsula, which is heralded by the 10 mission transfers from the USFK, including for example, the counter-artillery operations command mission. In 2005, the ROK Ministry of National Defense made public a Korean-version of the military transformation in the name of Defense Reform 2020. Different from the Pentagon's grand plan, the ROK military's transformation is confined to comprise primarily an ambitious weaponry modernization and building network-centric forces. Denial strategy with sufficient capabilities for defense operations in and around the peninsula was embedded in the program, which in its design process excluded longrange mobility assets and an offensive posture. Should the ROK military succeed in transforming its armed forces to be truly network-centric, and thus sufficiently interoperable with the USFK, South Korea will remain as a crucial security partner for the United States in Northeast Asia. Furthermore, holding fast the competent military of the ROK, a success story of American engagement in Asia, the Pentagon's diplomatic war on terrorism in the arc of instability will be much more successful.

In Defense of Globalization

In Defense of Globalization

Michael Ignatieff

Since his return to Canada in late 2005 to run for a seat in the house of commons, Michael Ignatieff has become one of the most discussed figures in Canadian politics. His detractors have accused him of being an arrogant intellectual bereft of the political skills required for national office, a sellout who preferred life abroad to that at home, and perhaps most damagingly a warmonger in the thrall of the Bush administration. His supporters praise him as a creative thinker who has the big ideas necessary to revitalize federal politics and the country's international standing. Certainly, he is a member of that elite club of Canadian writers who enjoy a worldwide following. He made his reputation in Britain in the 1980s and 1990s, and in the last few years has risen to prominence in the US thanks to his outspoken though conflicted support for the 2003 invasion of Iraq. His defence of the Iraq War and the Canadian mission in Afghanistan has become one of the defining issues of the current Liberal party leadership race. Friends and foes alike scrutinize his ideas about foreign policy in the hopes of divining how he would act if eventually elected to 24 Sussex Drive. Ignatieff is a liberal interventionist, a member of that small group of thinkers who support military action on the basis of left-leaning ideals, particularly the global defence of democracy and human rights. Blurring the

Trade Liberalisation, Economic Development and Poverty Alleviation

In a distinguished career spanning more than four decades, Jagdish Bhagwati has made numerous contributions to both trade theory and trade policy analysis. The current paper focuses on Bhagwati's major contribution to the ongoing debate surrounding the influence of trade liberalisation upon economic development and its potential to alleviate poverty in the world's poorest economies. In order to highlight Bhagwati's contributions in these fields we focus on the arguments developed in two of his numerous landmark publications; first his seminal 1964 paper on the Pure Theory of International Trade and, second, his 2004 book entitled In Defense of Globalization. Although separated in time by some four decades we argue that these two publications, despite their very different characters, each demonstrate beyond doubt the significance of Bhagwati's work in improving our understanding of the true nature of international trade and its potential to address questions of global poverty.

Global veterinary defence: where to from here veterinary science?

Global veterinary defence: where to from here veterinary science?

Relocating the U.S. Forces in South Korea: Strained Alliance, Emerging Partnership in the Changing Defense Posture

Relocating the forward-deployed U.S. forces in Korea south of the Han River is part of the Pentagon's Global Defense Posture Review, a process that stems from America's military transformation. This unprecedented move is headed in a direction that simultaneously challenges the half-century-old alliance and promotes a new partnership between the U.S. and South Korea.

Defense Industries and Global Dependency

The global defense industrial sector is a remarkably accurate indicator of the distribution of power in the post–Cold War international system. However, the defense industrial sector as a policy tool has received relatively little scrutiny, even though it not only reflects the international order, but also provides the United States with the ability to influence the foreign policy behavior of other states. The defense industrial sector is a powerful, if undervalued, diplomatic tool in the United States’ political arsenal.

More on Old Topics

Reviews of "In Defense of Globalization" by Jagdish Bhagwati; "Globalization and Its Enemies" by Daniel Cohen; "The Art of SQL" by Stéphane Faroult with Peter Robson; "About Face 2.0: The Essentials of Interaction Design" by Alan Cooper and Robert Reimann; "Deep Time of the Media: Toward an Archaeology of Hearing and Seeing by Technical Means" by Siegfried Zielinski

J. Bhagwati, In defense of globalization (Ladomir, Moscow, 2005), 448 pp.

J. Bhagwati, In defense of globalization (Ladomir, Moscow, 2005), 448 pp.

Book Review Bhagwati, Jagdish, In Defense of Globalization, Oxford University Press, New York

Book Review Bhagwati, Jagdish, In Defense of Globalization, Oxford University Press, New York

From Seattle to Hong Kong: Are We Getting Anywhere?

With agricultural trade negotiations deadlocked, the Doha round of trade talks may appear dead in the water. But every round of trade talks in recent memory has oscillated between near breakthroughs and near breakdowns. Trade negotiations can be like a ride on a roller coaster but, while the roller coaster returns to where it started, multilateral trade negotiations have generally gone on to close successfully. Will this happen with the Doha round? Surprisingly, the answer is yes. Prospects for concluding the round in Hong Kong next month, at the World Trade Organization Ministerial meeting, are indeed bleak; but not the prospects for finishing later. While the initial attempt to launch the WTO's first round of multilateral trade negotiations in Seattle in November 1999 collapsed, the round was finally launched in Doha, Qatar, two years later, with reaffirmation of the twin virtues of democracy and openness to the world economy. While there was a lot of dissent in September 2003 at the next WTO meeting in Cancun, which also collapsed because of the lack of consensus especially on agricultural liberalization, there were nonetheless some important accomplishments in the tabling of most of the “Singapore issues” and an agreement to relax the TRIPS Agreement to permit developing country access to low-cost pharmaceuticals. Cancun was also a turning point insofar as the major developing countries coalesced in the Group of 20 to provide greater balance in the WTO membership and the design of the negotiating agenda. While it appears that agricultural liberalization is still a significant stumbling block facing the Hong Kong Ministerial, it is likely that the EU can be squeezed if there are reciprocal offers in manufactures and services that are forthcoming especially from some of the major developing countries that can be induced to liberalize in their own interests. It will also be helpful if a program of adjustment assistance can be devised in the form of “aid for trade” especially for low-income countries. The outlines of a deal to close the Doha Round are therefore clear. With forceful leadership on the part of Pascal Lamy to rescue the Doha Round in Hong Kong and to convince the WTO member states to follow with an extraordinary meeting within six months, it should be possible to take the penultimate steps to bring the Doha Round to a final conclusion by the end of 2006 and to obtain its approval by early 2007 before the U.S. fast-track negotiating authority expires. Jagdish Bhagwati is Senior Fellow in International Economics at the Council on Foreign Relations and University Professor, Economics and Law at Columbia University. He was Economic Policy Adviser to the Director General of GATT and of the WTO-appointed expert group that recently reported on The Future of the WTO. He is currently a member of the Eminent Persons Panel on Enhancing UNCTAD’s Impact and of UN Secretary General Kofi Annan’s Advisory Group on the NEPAD process in Africa. His latest books are Free Trade Today (Princeton, 2002) and In Defense of Globalization (Oxford, 2004).