Global Counterparts Research Articles

Child Trafficking Human Trafficking : Legal Aspects and Role of a Doctor

Counter-trafficking measures are to be implemented at various levels and by various organisations. Themedical professionals also play an important role in this area as in many cases, the victims are first identifiedwhen they require some form of medical attention.A child victim of trafficking is any person younger than 18 years against whom the act of trafficking hasbeen committed.The definition of child trafficking differs from that of trafficking in humans in the respectthat children are considered being vulnerable not only because of their level of maturity and age but alsoother factors.This article highlights the various legal aspects of child and human trafficking in India. The victim oftrafficking may not himself disclose what he is going through, so there are certain points on history andexamination which should arise the suspicion in the mind of the health professional. These signs andsymptoms are mentioned in this article which are collected from various resources. Emergency medicinedepartment has an important role in screening of these victims, although all the departments contribute inidentifying the victims.The article also mentions where India stands compared to its global counterparts in anti-trafficking measures.

Personal branding on Instagram: an examination of Iranian professional athletes

PurposeThis study investigates the personal branding strategies utilized by Iranian professional athletes. It also examines the challenges these athletes face in attempting to create a personal brand. For example, unlike their global counterparts, Iranian athletes’ access to social media is limited to only Instagram, due to a ban in Iran on the use of Facebook and Twitter. This specific situation provides unique opportunities and interactions in the personal branding process.Design/methodology/approachUtilizing a criterion purposive sample of Iranian professional athletes, the authors conducted in-depth, semi-structured interviews to understand the branding strategies and challenges of these athletes.FindingsTwo categories (branding strategies and cultural/societal challenges), along with Six themes emerged. The categories were derived based on the literature review and the subsequent research questions.Originality/valueThis paper provides valuable information on challenges and opportunities for athletes' personal branding from international perspectives. Also, the results of the study broaden our understanding of how athletes' personal branding can function in different countries and contexts. Findings will provide governing bodies and sport marketers have a better understanding of athletes' social media usage.

Effective reassessments of freshwater fish species: a case study in a Mediterranean peninsula

IUCN Red List assessments for fish species can quickly become out of date. In recent years molecular techniques have added new ways of obtaining information about species distribution or populations. In this work, we propose the Iberian Peninsula as an example of reassessment needs in its endangered freshwater fish fauna. We compiled the list of freshwater fish species occurring in continental Spain and Portugal and examined their conservation status in global and national Red Lists. We retrieved records for these species in the Iberian Peninsula and calculated several biological indexes (richness and vulnerability indexes). Our results showed a patchy data coverage of fish records in the Iberian Peninsula. Threat levels reported within national Red Lists are higher than their global counterparts, reinforcing the necessity of improving and maintaining up to date national Red Lists. Iberian watersheds have moderate levels of threat and high levels of out of date assessments. The nearly fully completed genetic databases for Iberian fish species, along with the limited distribution of many endangered species and the necessity of update their assessments constitute an excellent opportunity to use data obtained from eDNA to improve species monitoring practices and their conservation status.

Wavefront sensing method for the sparse aperture optical system

A method based on the Zernike coefficients transformation is proposed for the wavefront sensing of a sparse aperture system. We deduce a matrix that allows the Zernike transformation between the sub-apertures’ wavefronts and the global counterparts in a sparse aperture system. With the matrix and the given global aberrations, the aberrations of the sub-apertures can be calculated through the transformation. The simulation results indicate that the increase of filling factor of the sparse aperture system could lead to the increase of orders of the Zernike polynomials, which describe the sub-aperture’s wavefront. The root mean square value of the detected Zernike coefficients of the sub-aperture is determined by its azimuth angle when the filling factor is fixed.

What matters most for Indian Generation Y employees? An empirical study based on work‐values

AbstractThe workplace is undergoing a major generational change as the baby boomer generation retires and younger generations replace them. Each generation brings with it a set of work values; the work values of Generation Y have been a focus of particular interest as this generation will soon form a significant proportion of the workforce. Even though Generation Y constitutes a large part of the Indian workforce, very little research has been done on this group. Using a sample of 1220 employees working in the Indian service industry, this study sets out to find the extent to which the work values of Generation Y in India are congruent with those of their global counterparts. The findings suggest that Indian employees value extrinsic and intrinsic aspects of work, and place less importance on social and prestige values; their work values are similar to those from Generation Y in the US and Slovenia, but differ significantly from those in Malaysia, Brazil, and Germany. The study provides valuable insights for international organizations where employees from various countries and cultural backgrounds work together, particularly when these involve Indian employees.

Cenomanian oyster communities from a tide-dominated epeiric ramp in the southern Tethys: A sediment-fauna relationship

The Cenomanian shallow marine succession in the Southern Galala Plateau of Egypt contains rich benthic fauna and preserves enormous information on how paleo-communities respond to fluctuating environmental conditions. Based on rock and fossil data, the Galala Formation was interpreted to be the result of deposition on a tide-dominated homoclinal ramp. Three main facies associations representing three depositional environments (intertidal, shallow subtidal, and deep subtidal) were recognized. Three distinct macroinvertebrate associations corresponding to these environments and dominated mainly by oysters were quantitatively identified. They show a gradational vertical increase in diversity as well as in the infaunal and mobile species. This trend can be attributed to the Cenomanian sea-level rise, where harsh marginal marine environments in the middle Cenomanian became more stable toward the latest Cenomanian. Sea flooding may have eliminated barriers, enhanced water circulation, and stopped hyperpycnal flow and/or terrigenous flux. Consequently, oxic mesotrophic conditions may have prevailed and siliciclastic starvation may have concentrated fossil materials, and therefore, diversity increased. Based on the vertical and lateral changes of the facies stacking pattern, two main parasequence types were recognized, the first includes deep subtidal deposits changed upwards to shallow subtidal and the second includes shallow subtidal deposits that pass upward into intertidal. Moreover, two and one-half third-order mixed sequences were identified and correlated to their regional and global counterparts.

YouTube Videos and Informed Decision-Making About COVID-19 Vaccination: Successive Sampling Study.

BackgroundSocial media platforms such as YouTube are used by many people to seek and share health-related information that may influence their decision-making about COVID-19 vaccination.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to improve the understanding about the sources and content of widely viewed YouTube videos on COVID-19 vaccination.MethodsUsing the keywords “coronavirus vaccination,” we searched for relevant YouTube videos, sorted them by view count, and selected two successive samples (with replacement) of the 100 most widely viewed videos in July and December 2020, respectively. Content related to COVID-19 vaccines were coded by two observers, and inter-rater reliability was demonstrated.ResultsThe videos observed in this study were viewed over 55 million times cumulatively. The number of videos that addressed fear increased from 6 in July to 20 in December 2020, and the cumulative views correspondingly increased from 2.6% (1,449,915 views) to 16.6% (9,553,368 views). There was also a large increase in the number of videos and cumulative views with respect to concerns about vaccine effectiveness, from 6 videos with approximately 6 million views in July to 25 videos with over 12 million views in December 2020. The number of videos and total cumulative views covering adverse reactions almost tripled, from 11 videos with approximately 6.5 million (11.7% of cumulative views) in July to 31 videos with almost 15.7 million views (27.2% of cumulative views) in December 2020.ConclusionsOur data show the potentially inaccurate and negative influence social media can have on population-wide vaccine uptake, which should be urgently addressed by agencies of the United States Public Health Service as well as its global counterparts.

Analysis of Recent BLYP- and PBE-Based Range-Separated Double-Hybrid Density Functional Approximations for Main-Group Thermochemistry, Kinetics, and Noncovalent Interactions.

We investigate the effects of range separation of the exchange energy on electronic ground-state properties for recently published double-hybrid density functionals (DHDFs) with the extensive GMTKN55 database for general main-group thermochemistry, kinetics, and noncovalent interactions. We include the semiempirical range-separated DHDFs ωB2PLYP and ωB2GP-PLYP developed by our group for excitation energies, together with their ground-state-parametrized variants, which we denote herein as ωB2PLYP18 and ωB2GP-PLYP18. We also include the nonempirical range-separated DHDFs RSX-0DH and RSX-QIDH. For all six DHDFs, damping parameters for the DFT-D3 dispersion correction (and for its DFT-D4 variant) are presented. We comment on when the range-separated functionals can be more beneficial than their global counterparts and conclude that range separation alone is no guarantee for overall improved results. We observe that the BLYP-based functionals generally outperform the PBE-based functionals. We finally note that the best-performing DHDFs for GMTKN55 are still the semiempirical range-separated double hybrids ωDSD3-PBEP86-D4 and ωDSD72-PBEP86-D4, the former of which includes a third-order perturbative correlation term in addition to the more conventional second-order perturbation that DHDFs are based upon.

Changing Climate Change

It is well established that global warming surpassing 1.5-2°C above pre-industrial levels will cause irreversible damage to our world. The adverse rise in global temperatures is accelerated by anthropogenic activity such as greenhouse gas emissions and environmental degradation. While certain scenarios have been projected to significantly lower global warming rates, most of these developments will require immediate global top-down policy shifts. Several international treaties and agreements have been created to combat climate change. Nonetheless, these remain ineffective at creating meaningful progress and cast doubt on how realizable a positive climate scenario is.
 In this review, we analyze how regional policies and actions combat the climate crisis by examining how specific community initiatives impact climate indicators such as reforestation, greenhouse gas emissions reduction, and sustainable agriculture. Our findings conclude that local initiatives have shown more immediate success compared to their global counterparts. Thus, additional locally led climate initiatives is warranted.

New Paradigm of Outcome-Based Education – A Higher Education Boon

Outcome-Based Education (OBE) is a vibrant model and considered as a giant leap forward to improve higher education and assists all graduates contend with their global counterparts. It is a student-centered tutoring conception that focuses on measuring student performance through outcomes. The Higher Education Institutions should frame appropriate course outcome, program outcome and these outcome should correlate with institutional objectives. But the actual success lies in the effective implementation and rigid accreditation process to ensure the quality of education. Hence, it is imperative to analyze the strength, weakness of the model and practical difficulties in case of implementation. This study reveals basic concepts, Implementation Strategies and OBE Practices and standards. The OBE-Steering Committee in each HEI offers ideas to frame Newfangled Curriculum with finest outcome and effective teaching methods with ICT tools and evaluation pattern based on blooms taxonomy.

A grasshopper optimization algorithm aided maximum power point tracking for partially shaded photovoltaic systems

Photovoltaic (PV) systems exhibit non-linear output power voltage (P-V) characteristics for varying input irradiation and temperature. Due to this, the Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT), a widely used optimization technique is indispensable in PV power systems. This non-linearity gets more complicated when PV panels experience partial shading in an array. During partial shading, the panels receive non-uniform irradiance and, due to this the current-voltage (I-V) curve is multimodal and so are P-V curves. Therefore, PV array which is partially shaded will exhibit multiple power peaks which are termed global maxima and local maxima. The most prevalent algorithms like Perturb and Observe (P&O) and Incremental Conductance (INC) experiences a unique issue by getting stuck at local maxima and not grasping the global power peak. This research article proposes a new Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (GOA) which is capable of extracting maximum power even during terrible shading conditions. This algorithm is validated by comparing its performance with both conventional and other most prominent global search counterparts. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

AI in Africa : Framing AI through an African Lens

Development and adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) in Africa has occurred slowly relative to developed countries. A vibrant AI ecosystem is growing on the continent. Due to the unique geographical, cultural and political nature of the continent, the 4th industrial revolution on the continent is evolving differently from its global counterparts. The motivations for development of AI systems, the parties involved, and the impact of the AI ecosystem on the continent are therefore best analyzed and framed through a unique African lens. This paper seeks to begin this process by developing a conceptual framework to characterize the parties involved in the African AI ecosystem. i.e., the African AI stakeholder. Identification of these stakeholders will aid in determining their interests, responsibilities and accountability and will provide a basis for the development and implementation of an equitable AI ecosystem. It is our goal that this framework, ultimately, be used to guide the contributions from the African AI perspective in global dialogues on ethics, bias, inclusion and similar topics in the AI sphere.

Limit Cycles in Locally Hamiltonian Systems with Dissipation

Abstract We consider systems that possess a local but non-global port-Hamiltonian representation. We show that non-globality is a consequence of the phase-space topology and that local port-Hamiltonian systems may transgress the dissipation inequality satisfied by their global counterparts. Far from being a defect, non-globality extends the modeling power of port-Hamiltonian systems by providing a framework to model cyclic physical processes for energy conversion and extraction.

Analysing the impact of the Australian health sector emergency response plan for Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19): A proposed approach

The COVID-19 pandemic has forced Australia, and our global counterparts, on a steep learning curve and rapid adaptation journey. Understanding the real impact of pandemic response interventions will be crucial to our collective success in this ongoing endeavour. This article will propose and outline an integrated, sequential, mixed methods approach to analysing the impact of Australia’s emergency response to the COVID-19 pandemic across its states and territories. We begin with a brief description of the Australian Health Sector Emergency Response Plan for Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19). In the second section, the discussion will move on to defining the nature of impact analysis and evaluation and when to use them. The third section outlines considerations relevant to selecting an impact analysis approach as it pertains to infectious disease pandemic response and virus transmission, morbidity and mortality outcomes. The fourth section presents and discusses a conceptual framework for an integrated impact analysis approach, clearly delineating the link between proposed approach, impact analysis questions and the outlined pandemic response considerations.

Output targeting and capacity utilization for a new-built airport: Analysis for the new airport in Istanbul

Output targeting and capacity utilization issues are crucial but troublesome tasks for the new airport projects. This study aims to identify the output targets for the new-built airport in Istanbul to be considered operationally efficient when compared to regional and global counterparts and to investigate the utilization rate of input resources. To do that, a novel two-stage approach was proposed. The first stage involves setting output targets using a modified DEA approach and multi-layered perceptron algorithm. Once the output targets are determined individually by these two methods, slack variable analysis of DEA was applied in the second stage to define the input slacks related to infrastructure. Analysis results revealed the passenger, cargo, and aircraft movement targets for each stage of the project. Input slacks were also identified, and possible avenues for input reduction were explored that would enhance capacity utilization.

Independent Women: Investing in British Railways, 1870-1922

The early twentieth century saw the British capital market reach a state of maturity before any of its global counterparts. This coincided with more women participating directly in the stock market. In this paper, we analyse whether these female shareholders chose to invest independently of men. Using a novel dataset of almost 500,000 shareholders in some of the largest British railways, we find that women were much more likely to be solo shareholders than men. There is also evidence that they prioritised their independence above other considerations such as where they invested or how diversified they could be.

Independent women: investing in British railways, 1870–1922†

AbstractThe early twentieth century saw the British capital market reach a state of maturity before any of its global counterparts. This coincided with more women participating directly in the stock market. This study analyses whether these female shareholders chose to invest independently of men. Using a novel dataset of almost 500,000 shareholders in some of the largest British railways, it shows that women were much more likely to be solo shareholders than men. There is also evidence that they prioritized their independence above other considerations such as where they invested or how diversified they could be.

A Risky Business: The Tai Ping Insurance Company and Fire Insurance in China, 1928–1937

This paper traces the history of the Chinese fire insurance industry and Tai Ping Insurance, one of the most successful Chinese insurance companies in the early twentieth century. It provides a case study on the “indigenization” of fire insurance in China by retracing how a fledgling firm mastered selling a foreign financial product and managed to win market share in an ostensibly adverse environment. This paper argues that while Tai Ping benefited from the growing embrace of insurance by the Chinese public, its success was ultimately driven by the company’s economies of scale, cross-selling synergies, and tight connections to banking. This paper also explores the broader context in which fire insurance operated by examining how the indigenization of insurance in China unfolded, with Chinese insurers like Tai Ping mediating the introduction of a new financial product, the transfer of new institutions, and the diffusion of new knowledge regarding risk. More generally, the history of Tai Ping and the Chinese fire insurance industry addresses a research lacuna in the history of insurance beyond the developed markets in Western Europe and North America, which has typically focused more on the experiences of British and American multinational enterprises and less on that of native companies. By highlighting the degree of institutional convergence and divergence between the Chinese insurance industry and its global counterparts, this paper contributes to a more inclusive history of the internationalization of insurance.

Spatially Resolved Spectroscopic Properties of Low-Redshift Star-Forming Galaxies

I review the spatially resolved spectroscopic properties of low-redshift star-forming galaxies (and their retired counterparts) using results from the most recent optical integral field spectroscopy galaxy surveys. First, I briefly summarize the global spectroscopic properties of these galaxies, discussing the main ionization processes and the global relations described by the star-formation rates, gas-phase oxygen abundances, and average properties of their stellar populations (age and metallicity) in comparison with the stellar mass. Second, I present the local distribution of the ionizing processes down to kiloparsec scales, and I show how the global scaling relations found using integrated parameters (like the star-formation main sequence, mass–metallicity relation, and Schmidt–Kennicutt law) have local/resolved counterparts, with the global ones being, for the most part, just integrated/average versions of the local ones. I discuss the local/resolved star-formation histories (SFHs) and chemical-enrichment histories and their implications on the inside-out growth of galaxies. Third, I present the radial distributions of the surface densities of the properties explored globally and how they depend on the integrated galaxy properties.In conclusion, I find that the evolution of galaxies is mostly governed by local processes but clearly affected by global ones: ▪ Many global scaling relations present resolved counterparts (verified down to kiloparsec scales) that can explain them as well as the observed radial gradients in galaxies. ▪ These relations are consequences of the local SFHs, the narrow range of the depletion times, and a local metal enrichment. ▪ Deviations from these relations are due to dynamical and mixing processes, local exchange of gas (inflows, outflows, and fountains), depletion time differences, and/or differences in the resolved SFHs. ▪ Ionization happens at local scales that may be driven by different physical processes, and it cannot be clearly understood using purely integrated quantities. The dominant ionization in galaxies has a stellar origin.

Formation of Informal Settlements and the Development of the Idiom Teneke Mahalle in the Late-Ottoman Istanbul

A teneke mahalle, mostly consisting of shacks constructed of collected waste materials, is a late Ottoman and early Republican phenomenon that parallels its global counterparts such as the Corralones in Peru or the Indian slums. Although occasionally mentioned in the pioneer studies, the long history of the teneke mahalles has been overlooked until recent times, and in the mainstream discussions on urban poverty, these neighborhoods have almost wholly been invisible. However, informal settlements came to the agenda of the state and society, right after the massive eviction in 1883 of the refugees of the War of 1877-1878 from the free temporary settlements. They created teneke mahalles, and over time, the local poor also adopted their creative solution for cheap and relatively safe housing. Drawing on both archival and oral records, the author establishes the actual presence of the category and traces the development of the idiom in the late nineteenth century.