Global Communication Technologies Research Articles

Analysis of TEC variations and prediction of TEC by RNN during Indonesian earthquakes occurred from 2004 to 2024 and comparison with IRI-2020 model

The Ionosphere, a crucial region of Earth’s atmosphere extending from approximately 50 to 1000 km above the Earth’s surface, plays a pivotal role in global communication, navigation, and satellite-based technologies. Among its various parameters, Total Electron Content (TEC) stands out as a key metric, representing the integrated electron density along a specific path through the ionosphere. This research focuses on analyzing TEC variations during Indonesian earthquakes between 2004 and 2024 using a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) model. The study investigates the ionospheric response to seismic activity, particularly in Indonesia, a region prone to earthquakes due to its location within the Pacific Ring of Fire and complex tectonic setting involving multiple lithospheric plates. The RNN model, designed to predict TEC variations during earthquakes, utilizes data on solar and geomagnetic activity, including the Kp index, solar wind, and geomagnetic storm activity, obtained from the OMNIWEB data centre, along with TEC data from the IONOLAB data servers for the BAKO station in Cibinong, Indonesia. The earthquakes considered for observation include significant events such as the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami, the 2012 Wharton Basin earthquake, and subsequent seismic events up to 2024. Statistical metrics such as Mean Bias Deviation (MBD), Relative Error (REL_E), Absolute Error (ABS_E), and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) are used to evaluate the predictive capability of the RNN model and compare it with the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) 2020 model, a widely accepted empirical model for describing ionospheric parameters. The comparison reveals the performance of the RNN model in capturing TEC variations during seismic events, providing valuable insights for earthquake monitoring and early warning systems.

Issues of e–commerce and cross–border trade in Russia as a member of the EAEU

The modern world has long stepped into the era of electronic technology. However, as it turned out, the ways to develop this area are endless. And the emergence and development of the Internet and global communication technologies only pushed participants in the market economy — trading enterprises — to work using a virtual system. This practice is called e–commerce. Issues of regulation of cross–border e–commerce are currently relevant and are being discussed at the highest level. The purpose of this article is to provide a basic assessment of the main ways to regulate electronic cross–border trade. The article examined the main Russian and global trends in the development of electronic and cross–border trade

Exploring Innovation Ecosystem with Multi-Layered Heterogeneous Networks of Global 5G Communication Technology

This study explores the dynamics of emerging technology innovation ecosystems, viewing them as complex systems comprising social actors and knowledge artifacts engaged in innovation interactions. Employing a multilayer network perspective, we present a Social-Knowledge-Science-Technology (A-K-S-T) framework, examining both homogeneous and heterogeneous interactions among innovators and knowledge elements. Within this framework, we map out the technological landscape, identify ecological niches for specific actors and knowledge elements, and gauge knowledge proximity among innovators, revealing opportunities for collaboration and knowledge innovation. Using 5G technology as an illustrative example, key findings include the potential for innovation development in 5G, the need for enhanced collaboration among organizations in related technological fields, and the complementary nature of scientific and technological knowledge. This research contributes to innovation ecosystem literature, offering insights for management, governance, efficiency, and shared prosperity; meanwhile, it is a valuable reference for decision-makers to shape effective strategies.

СУЧАСНІ ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ ФАХІВЦІВ СПЕЦІАЛЬНОСТІ «ГОТЕЛЬНО-РЕСТОРАННА СПРАВА» ЯК ЧИННИК ПІДВИЩЕННЯ КОНКУРЕНТОСПРОМОЖНОСТІ ГАЛУЗІ

The article is dedicated to exploring contemporary trends in the training of specialists in the field of Hotel and Restaurant Management as a factor in enhancing the industry's competitiveness. The growth of international tourism and the development of global communication technologies open up new opportunities for hotels and restaurants, but at the same time, pose new challenges. Therefore, the tourism and hospitality sector demands new skills and knowledge from professionals in hotel and restaurant management. The implementation of innovative technologies is the future for the development of any business and requires professionals to possess not only technical skills but also flexibility and adaptability. Modern guests expect more than just comfortable accommodation or tasty food. They want to receive services from staff who can create a unique experience for them, taking into account their individual needs and desires. Professionals in hotel and restaurant management must be adequately trained to work with clients of different types, including empathy, communication, and conflict resolution skills. The ongoing military actions in Ukraine significantly impact the current trends in the training of specialists in Hotel and Restaurant Management. Firstly, there's a change or decrease in tourist flows to the country and certain regions. This significantly affects the demand for hotel and restaurant services, which in turn will require adaptation from domestic hotel and restaurant businesses and demand knowledge in crisis management from professionals in hotel and restaurant management. Despite everything, the hospitality sector remains attractive for investment because it is the industry that most actively responds to changes in society, the economy, the social sphere, and to some extent reflects the prosperity of the population. Overall, understanding and considering contemporary trends in the training of professionals will remain an important element in achieving success in this field, as well as enabling increased competitiveness, economic efficiency, and contributing to the recovery of the industry in the future.

Cutting through complexity: Coordinated demand response and future directions in global communication technologies

The global electricity market is undergoing a transformative shift, envisioning a future resembling commodity trading platforms. Enabled by mature communication technologies, this evolution empowers energy consumers worldwide to actively engage in the energy market, negotiating arrangements for adjusting energy demand during grid stress and optimizing costs. In this era of technological advancements, this vision is materializing globally. Commercial and industrial entities are playing active roles in ancillary services markets, providing crucial grid support. Efforts are expanding to engage smaller users through third-party aggregators. However, many initiatives retain opt-in structures, limiting customer engagement. A promising solution is local energy markets, integrating modest flexibility reserves globally. This empowers small-scale users to choose services aligned with their preferences. This paper delves into the essential components facilitating the transition to globally applicable, aggregator-mediated demand-side management markets. Anchored in dynamic consumer engagement and nurtured by reciprocal information flows, this shift signals a fundamental reshaping of the global energy landscape. The paper introduces a universally adaptable demand response aggregation framework for energy enterprises to systematically devise consumer-centric programs. This framework serves as a foundational structure, fostering a strategic and flexible approach to meet evolving consumer preferences in demand response initiatives worldwide.

International business travel: a review of theory and research

PurposeThe goals of this review are to identify key theories, constructs and themes in the international business travel (IBT) literature and to propose a model based on findings, theories and constructs drawn from adjacent research literature.Design/methodology/approachThe authors reviewed the business travel (BT) literature to identify conceptual and empirical articles on IBT published from 1990 to 2022. Only 53 publications were suitable for review. The authors reviewed them using an open coding system.FindingsThe IBT literature is dispersed across several disciplines that use different methods, focus on different aspects of travel and emphasize different positive and negative outcomes that IBT engenders. The publications employed a diverse range of methods, including review and conceptual (11), quantitative (28) and qualitative methods (14). The samples were diverse in country, age, marital status and tenure. Many publications were descriptive and exploratory. The few that based their research on theory focused on two stress theories: Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) theory and conservation of resources (COR) theory.Research limitations/implicationsExperimental and longitudinal designs are needed to reduce the causal ambiguity of this body of mostly correlational and cross-sectional research. The authors discuss the impact of emerging advances in virtual global communication technology on the future of IBT.Practical implicationsMore research is needed on positive aspects of IBT. Human resource (HR) people should be aware of these issues and are encouraged to decrease the deleterious aspects of the international trips and increase the positive ones.Social implicationsIncreasing well-being of international business travelers is important for the travelers, their families and the organization.Originality/valueThis is the first IBT review focused on the theoretical underpinnings of research in the field. The authors offer a model for IBT and introduce adjustment and performance as important constructs in IBT research. The authors encompass crossover theory to add the reciprocal impact of travelers and spouses and label IBT a “double-edge sword” because it arouses both positive and negative outcomes.

Comparison of the frontiers optical quantum communication technology with traditional classical communication technology

Due to the advancement of technology, laser communication, fiber optic communication and optical quantum communication have been developed, not only in the field of life, but also in the field of aviation, military and information security. This paper, mainly compares the difference between optical quantum communication and other communication technologies in terms of security and effectiveness, presenting the current state of technology and applications and providing an outlook on future directions. Through the comparison, this paper argues that the application of technology in optical quantum communication can promote the rapid development of quantum communication technology and thus enhance the comprehensive strength of global communication technology.

SPATIAL PLANNING SYSTEM IN POLAND AS AN EXAMPLE OF EFFECTIVE DEVELOPMENT OF TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES IN UKRAINE

The purpose of the work is to research trends in the development of the digital economy; analysis of features and conditions of digitalization of economic processes in Ukraine and the world. Digitization of economic processes is an integral trend in the development of world economies over the last decade, which determines the relevance of its research in the context of the post-war development of Ukraine. The work uses such research methods as monographic, statistical, comparison and systematization methods. The paper examines the concept of the digital economy and its components, which include information and telecommunication technologies (ICT); human capital; favorable business climate, effective management. The digital economy is a supplement to the traditional economy, which involves the production and sale of traditional goods and services using computer equipment and digital systems, including the Internet. This implies certain advantages, namely: providing access to individual markets for ordinary users, reducing transaction costs, increasing efficiency and competitiveness of products. It has been established that the digital economy is expanding its influence on more and more spheres of activity, creating space for the development and improvement of economic processes, which is the basis for the modern global economy. However, depending on the definition used, the size of the digital economy is estimated to be between 4.5% and 15.5% of global GDP. Almost 40% of the added value created in the global information and communication technology (ICT) sector is accounted for by the United States and China. The level of digitization of the Ukrainian economy varies significantly, depending on the specific industry. In such areas as financial services, the provision of communication services, and logistics, Ukrainian companies use the achievements of information technologies as widely as foreign competitors. Also, the task of the state is both to ensure favorable conditions that contribute to digitalization, and to create opportunities for their implementation. The implementation of the requirements of digitalization, as a modern trend in the development of the economy and society, is to some extent facilitated by the presence of prerequisites for digitalization at the state and industry levels, as well as at the levels of individual households and citizens. The obtained results of the study can be useful in the development of strategies for the development of economic sectors after the end of hostilities for the further reconstruction of the economy of Ukraine.

Implementation of encoder and decoder for low-density parity-check codes in continuous-variable quantum key distribution on a field programmable gate array

Quantum key distribution (QKD) can provide an unconditionally secure communication encryption method. Continuous-variable QKD (CVQKD) requires extracting the key from the noisy channel, leading to higher requirements for the error-correcting codes used in multidimensional reconciliation. We extend the quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check of the radio design for the global 5G mobile communication technology standard to achieve error correction under lower signal-to-noise ratio on integrated hardware. A field programmable gate array (FPGA) chip is used to realize the approximate lower triangular matrix encoding algorithm, and the core module only has the circular shift register, which reduces the encoding complexity, improves the encoding efficiency, and reduces the hardware resource consumption. For extended super-long code words, the decoding algorithm requires additional hardware resources to implement, which the previous algorithm cannot meet. Therefore, we present a hardware implementation of offset minimum sum algorithm (OMSA), which can avoid operations of complex mathematical formula. The offset factor of OMSA reduce the error caused by the low accuracy of calculation on the hardware. The update of the decoding information is layered in a partially parallel way in the matrix to achieve the cross processing of node information. It speeds up the transmission of information between different nodes and the convergence of decoding algorithm of low-complexity parallel structure. Simulation results show that the maximum theoretical coordination efficiency is 85% when the code with block length is 69632 at a bit rate of 22/68 and the signal-to-noise ratio asymptotic threshold is 0.7. Using an FPGA, ∼0.1 frame error rate was achieved, but with a zero-bit error rate, the optimal achievable secret key rate is about 200 Kbps at 30-km distance theoretically. For a 200-MHz system clock on the successfully decoded block, 125 Gbps encoding throughput and 472 Kbps decoding throughput was achieved, better than the theoretical key rate of prototype of CVQKD.

Research on Spectrum Prediction Technology Based on B-LTF

With the rapid development of global communication technology, the problem of scarce spectrum resources has become increasingly prominent. In order to alleviate the problem of frequency use, rationally use limited spectrum resources and improve frequency utilization, spectrum prediction technology has emerged. Through the effective prediction of spectrum usage, the number of subsequent spectrum sensing processes can be slowed down, and the accuracy of spectrum decisions can be increased to improve the response speed of the whole cognitive radio technology. The rise of deep learning has brought changes to traditional spectrum predicting algorithms. This paper proposes a spectrum predicting method called Back Propagation-Long short-term memory Time Forecasting (B-LTF) by using Back Propagation-Long Short-term Memory (BP-LSTM) network model. According to the historical spectrum data, the future spectrum trend and the channel state of the future time node are predicted. The purpose of our research is to achieve dynamic spectrum access by improving the accuracy of spectrum prediction and better assisting cognitive radio technology. By comparing with BP, LSTM and Gate Recurrent Unit (GRU) network models, we clarify that the improved model of recurrent time network can deal with time series more effectively. The simulation results show that the proposed model has better prediction performance, and the change in time series length has a significant impact on the prediction accuracy of the deep learning model.

Prakse onlajn i digitalne komunikacije tokom pandemije virusa korona - slučaj izdavačkih kuća u Makedoniji

The subject of our research is online and digital communication practices during the coronavirus pandemic on the part of publishing houses in Macedonia. Certain aspects of the research subject include changes in communication and interaction between publishing houses and the readership, as well as the use of social networks. The research started from the main research question: "What were the online and digital communication practices of publishing houses in Macedonia during the coronavirus pandemic?" The main goal of the research is: to identify the online and digital communication practices of publishing houses. Qualitative methodological techniques, semi-structured interview and qualitative content analysis, were used. The research is based on the fact that in times of global crisis, communication technologies and culture could be transformed into instruments of social change, for the benefit of the individual and humanity, and as a "helping tool" for dealing with certain consequences, creating new, improved conditions for life, action and creation of new forms of communication and interaction and exchange and creation of cultural content. From the conducted interviews and content analysis, we can conclude that during the pandemic, especially during the period of quarantine and curfew in 2020, most of the communication between publishing houses and the readership was transmitted online. What is key to the change in communication and interaction between them is that activities and events that are usually carried out with physical presence, "live", in the pandemic period were carried out online, so that the whole way of organizing those activities and events changed, and thus habits and the use of certain Internet and digital technologies and tools have also changed.

Introduction—Migrants and Their Smartphones

The increasing symbiosis between contemporary mobility and global Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) has been widely recognized in both migration and media studies.1 Advanced media technology, including smartphones, facilitates information exchange and instantaneous communication.2 The pervasive use of smartphones is an everyday reality for migrants, whose activities are increasingly taking place online and in real time.3 Smartphone use by migrants and their families illustrates the different scales of modern mobility within structural socioeconomic and political orders.4 Smartphones, and those applications downloaded to the device, enhance connectivity5 with regard to transactions, entertainment, socialization, networking, and activism. They help with community building and boost a sense of belonging among people who are connected via various applications.

A real‐time privacy‐preserving scheme based on grouping queries for continuous location‐based services

SummaryWith the advancement of global positioning systems and communication technologies, location‐based services (LBS) have become widely used. However, user location privacy is vulnerable during service exchange, and location‐related queries may result in serious privacy disclosure issues. In this article, considering that attackers may make use of auxiliary information to track a mobile user, we propose a real‐time privacy‐preserving scheme based on the grouping of queries in continuous LBS. In this scheme, we first design the probability density functions to select virtual locations. Then, we group these virtual locations and the query location of the user into several queries. Simultaneously, we send these grouping queries to the LBS server. Following the steps outlined above, grouping queries can be used to conceal the true query. Moreover, the results of security analyses and performance evaluations show that the proposed scheme is effective and secure.

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Perception of Globalization and Consumer Behavior

The main purpose of this article was to identify the impacts of globalization and information and communication technologies on the consumer behavior of a young population aged 18–34 before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research was conducted using the CAWI (computer-assisted web interview) method using convenient sampling involving students of the University of Warsaw. The survey was carried out in three stages: in March 2020, December 2020 and November 2021. The last cycle of research enabled the authors to examine the changes in consumer behavior trends nearly two years after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland and compare them with the tendencies that could be observed in March 2020 and December 2020. The findings from all survey questionnaires indicate that the behavior of respondents is generally consistent with consumer trends established and described in several reports concerning the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people’s perception of globalization and consumer behavior. The main observation in terms of online purchases was that the growth itself was not very significant, but the frequency of purchases over the Internet increased. A similar trend could be observed in the case of using social media. Research of this scope was carried out in Poland for the first time, which proves the originality and value of this paper.

Digicel! Topap long ples ia! An international telecommunications company making itself at home in the urban landscapes of Vanuatu, Samoa and Tonga

AbstractMobile phone usage has increased at an unprecedented rate across the Pacific over the past 10–15 years, radically transforming the way communication takes place. The catalyst for this transformation is generally attributed to the breakdown of monopolies previously held by national telecom corporations over their own domestic markets, and the entrance of one particular new provider, Digicel. This paper examines the strategies through which Digicel has managed to insert itself into the visual landscape of the urban spaces of Vanuatu, Samoa and Tonga. Through multimodal analysis of digital photographs from the landscapes of these countries' capital cities, the paper shows how the global company makes use of a range of techniques to establish its own place and identity as a local network. These techniques include the demonstration of largesse and dominance over competitors, slogans that stake a claim to belonging, and the use of local language terms and images that juxtapose the local with the global. Through these techniques, Digicel manages to position itself simultaneously as the provider both of fast and reliable global communication technologies and of a truly local, national service, while also radically transforming the physical spaces of our cities as it has made itself at home here.

New Strategic Vision of Electronic Governance in the Republic of Bulgaria for the 2020-2025 Period

The article presents issues related to egovernment in Bulgaria after 2007, when the requirements of the administrative structures to introduce e-government are regulated by law. In a world of global changes on a global scale, communication and information technologies are undergoing progressive changes and developments in connection with the establishment of e-government in public and public administration. Provision of administrative services by electronic means is also introduced, as the conditions for the provider of electronic administrative services are regulated, as well as the conditions and the order for their recipients. Over the years, Bulgaria has adopted a number of strategic documents regulating the development of e-government over time. The latest updated strategy, adopted in March 2021, sets a new vision for e-government for the 2020-2025 period, which outlines the new strategic goals with a view to updating and modernizing the strategic documents.

Supply Chain Management Strategy and Capital Structure of Global Information and Communications Technology Companies

Supply chain management (SCM) plays an important role in international work distribution mechanisms. This phenomenon has shifted to an SCM-to-SCM competition rather than corporate-to-corporate competition in the global market. Apple and Samsung Electronics are the two major global information and communications technology (ICT) companies, each choosing different SCM strategies to stabilize production while minimizing inventory and maintaining ongoing partnerships with suppliers. To analyze the relationship between strategic differences in SCM structure of the ICT companies and capital, while employing the generalized method of moments, this study analyzed partnerships with suppliers from a financial perspective for long-term growth and stable production. Results identified that the target debt ratio of Apple’s parts suppliers was 38%, which was slightly higher than that of US companies (33%). In the relationship between capital structure and SCM structures, the company’s debt ratio decreases if the strength of the strategic alliance and the strength of the horizontal integration of global parts suppliers are higher. Specifically, Apple’s parts suppliers with non-equity alliances, such as technological and R&D alliances, have reduced debt ratios more than companies with equity alliances. In the case of Samsung Electronics’ parts suppliers, primary vendors had a lower debt ratio than secondary vendors. These results indicates that if the strength of the vertical integration with the international strategic alliances is greater, they are more likely to adopt a lower debt ratio policy. Identifying the relationship between SCM strategic difference and capital structure, this study provides valuable insights for corporate sustainability.

Global Challenges for Business and Entrepreneurship: Case of Oman

Globalization has created various challenges among businesses and entrepreneurs. For many years, businesses have been facing challenges, such as increased competition, financial issues, and other operational challenges. Accordingly, businesses and entrepreneurs must adopt new strategies to address these emerging global challenges to remain competitive in the industry where they belong. Hence, it is also essential for entrepreneurs to employ strategic decision-making to achieve success within a business environment that is facing multiple global challenges. The goal of this study is to explore the current global challenges being faced by businesses and entrepreneurs, especially in the case of Oman. Some of the identified challenges for businesses and entrepreneurship includes keeping up with the current trends in business, global market competition, economic issues, information and communication technology (ICT) challenges, the current global health crisis, and other business-related issues. The variations of the global challenges must be understood properly by businesses and entrepreneurs to ensure business competitiveness, despite the risk of unwanted business outcomes brought by these challenges. With the emergence of these challenges, business owners or entrepreneurs will also have the chance to develop their strategic decision-making and even develop new strategies that will help the business survive.

Implications and Preventions of Cyberbullying and Social Exclusion in Social Media: Systematic Review.

BackgroundThe growth of social networking has created a paradigm in which many forms of personal communication are being replaced by internet communication technologies, such as social media. This has led to social issues, such as cyberbullying. In response, researchers are investigating cyberbullying to determine its implications in various life sectors.ObjectiveThis manuscript reviews the methods, results, and limitations of the current cyberbullying research and discusses the physical and mental repercussions of cyberbullying and social exclusion as well as methods of predicting and counteracting these events. On the basis of the findings, we discuss future research directions.MethodsUsing ScienceDirect, ACM Digital Library, and PubMed, 34 research articles were used in this review. A review was conducted using the selected articles with the goal of understanding the current landscape of cyberbullying research.ResultsStudies have analyzed correlations between depressive and suicidal ideations in subjects as well as relationships in the social, educational, and financial status of the perpetrators. Studies have explored detection methods for monitoring cyberbullying. Automated detection has yet to become effective and accurate; however, several factors, such as personal background and physical appearance, have been identified to correlate with the likelihood that a person becomes a survivor or perpetrator of web-based cybervictimization. Social support is currently common in recovery efforts but may require diversification for specific applications in web-based incidents.ConclusionsRelations between social status, age, gender, and behaviors have been discovered that offer new insights into the origins and likeliness of cyberbullying events. Rehabilitation from such events is possible; however, automatic detection is not yet a viable solution for prevention of cyberbullying incidents. Effects such as social exclusion and suicidal ideations are closely tied to incidents of cyberbullying and require further study across various social and demographical populations. New studies should be conducted to explore the experiences of survivors and perpetrators and identify causal links. The breadth of research includes demographics from China, Canada, Taiwan, Iran, the United States, and Namibia. Wider ranges of national populations should be considered in future studies for accurate assessments, given global internet communication technology activity. The studies emphasize the need for formal classification terminology. With formal classification, researchers will have a more definite scope, allowing specific research on a single definable topic rather than on general bullying events and symptoms. Of all the studies, 2 used a longitudinal design for their research methodology. The low number of longitudinal studies leaves gaps between causation and correlation, and further research is required to understand the effects of cyberbullying. Research addressing ongoing victimization is required for the various forms of cyberbullying; social support offers the most effective current standard for prevention.

Detection of DDoS Attack in IoT Networks Using Sample Selected RNN-ELM

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a global information and communication technology which aims to connect any type of device to the internet at any time and in any location. Nowadays billions of IoT devices are connected to the world, this leads to easily cause vulnerability to IoT devices. The increasing of users in different IoT-related applications leads to more data attacks is happening in the IoT networks after the fog layer. To detect and reduce the attacks the deep learning model is used. In this article, a hybrid sample selected recurrent neural network-extreme learning machine (hybrid SSRNN-ELM) algorithm that uses recurrent neural network (RNN) as a supervised and extreme learning machine (ELM) classifier as unsupervised. In the proposed algorithm sample selected features are extracting from the original dataset using linear regression with recursive feature extraction (LR-RFE) and sequence forward selector (SFS) then RNN is used to learn the behavior of the important features and at end layer the ELM classifier is used. This hybrid intrusion detection algorithm is placed in between the fog layer and its devices. NSL_KDD benchmark is used for detecting the distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack in IoT devices after the fog node. The proposed hybrid SSRNN-ELM model exposes the attacks while testing with enhanced accuracy of up to 99% from NSL-KDD data set. Experimental results outperform by using proposed technique when compared with the existing models.