Global Climate Problems Research Articles

The Impact of ESG Performance on Investors' Decision-Making in the Real Estate Industry: Based on Green Building Certification and Facility Management

With the global climate problem escalating, the real estate investor's environmental awareness is gradually rising, and financial returns are no longer the only consideration for investors, who are increasingly interested in the real estate industry's performance on the environmental level. This paper focuses on the impact of real estate practices in green building certification and facility management on investors' economic returns and environmental considerations. The study shows that improved environmental, social and governance (ESG) performance not only increases property values and rent levels, but also improves tenant satisfaction and lease renewal rates, which in turn enhances the competitiveness of the real estate market, and thus ESG performance improvement has a positive effect on investors. However, the existing leadership in energy and environmental design (LEED) certification for green building certification still has some limitations in terms of actual energy efficiency assessment and LEED's assessment criteria, which need to be further optimized. In addition, the introduction of edge computing in this paper is superficial and weakly referential to the practice of real estate industry, but it can be used as a general direction to enhance ESG performance.

Biophilic – a modern Trend in Design

The aim of the study is an influential trend in architecture and design called biophilia, which contributed to the formation of the style of a new type of biophilic design. The phenomenon called biophilia can be traced in the development of human civilization, from antiquity to the present day. However, it was only in the twentieth century that it became scientifically understood and formalized. Only in our days has biophilia become a conscious, purposeful and organized practical activity of man. It is in our days that "biophilic design" was born, which organically and logically fits into the so-called "green movement" and the world policy of sustainable development. The historiography of the topic presents authors who introduced the concepts of biophilia and biophilic design and the corresponding terms into scientific and practical circulation. Historical examples of early biophilic design are given. The reasons for the activation of biophilic design in the modern world and its development within the framework of the "green movement" are explained. The practice of biophilic design, its benefits for a person on a physical and emotional level are described. Using individual examples from contemporary residential and public interiors, urban environments and, on an even larger scale, entire cities, it is shown that this new specific type of design is a very relevant trend at the present time. As a result, it is concluded that, given the development of the modern urban environment and the deepening global climate, environmental and energy problems, biophilic design will become increasingly relevant in the future.

The role of renewable energy and carbon dioxide emissions on the ESG market in European Union

AbstractIn view of global climate problems, public interest in the environment has recently evolved over decision economics. Accordingly, this study assesses the impact of carbon emission allowances (CEA), information technology (IT), renewable energy generation (REG), and carbon dioxide (CO2) on the environmental, social, governance (ESG) in the European Union (EU) by applying quantile‐based models from January 2, 2019 to February 29, 2024. The outcomes demonstrate that CEA and IT have an increasing effect on the ESG with the moderating effect of economic policy uncertainty (EPU). REG has a declining effect on the ESG, while the EPU moderates the effect and makes the effect increasing across higher quantiles.

Paradiplomacy of West Nusa Tenggara Province in Achieving Net-Zero Emission

This study aims to determine the role of the sub-state in International Relations, namely West Nusa Tenggara (West Nusa Tenggara, NTB), which participated in the United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP-26) in Glasgow to reduce carbon emissions or achieve Net Zero Emission (NZE). This research used a conceptual approach that is para-diplomacy and environmental diplomacy. This analysis used a qualitative research method with five stages: data collection, data reduction, data presentation in the form of narratives, graphs, and tables, and the final stage is writing conclusions. This study indicates that sub-states can carry out diplomacy in overcoming global climate problems, West Nusa Tenggara which participated in the United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP-26) in Glasgow, was able to have its charm with several countries such as England, Sweden, Denmark, and the United States because NTB is seen to have the potential to develop renewable energy; moreover, it already has Provincial Regulation concerning the General Plan of Regional Energy to achieve the Net Zero Emission and it is in line with the objectives of the COP-26.

Carbon Nanotube Films with Fewer Impurities and Higher Conductivity from Aqueously Mono-Dispersed Solution via Two-Step Filtration for Electric Heating.

With the intensification of global climate problems, electric heating has recently attracted much attention as a clean and low-carbon heating method. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are an ideal medium for electric heating applications due to their excellent mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. The preparation of electrothermal films based on an aqueous CNT dispersion as a raw material is environmentally friendly. However, in the traditional one-step filtration method, the residual excess dispersant and the small aspect ratio of the CNTs in the preparation process limit the performance of electrothermal CNT films. In this paper, we report a two-step filtration method that removes the free dispersant and small CNTs in the first filtration step and obtains denser CNT films by controlling the pores of the filter membrane in the second filtration step. The results suggest that, compared to the CNT1 film obtained from one-step filtration, the CNT1-0.22 film, obtained from two-step filtration using 1 and 0.22 μm membranes, has a smoother and flatter surface, and the surface resistance is 80.0 Ω sq-1, which is 29.4% lower. The convective radiation conversion efficiency of the CNT1-0.22 film is 3.36 mW/°C, which is 36.1% lower. We anticipate that such CNT films could be widely applied in building thermal insulation and underfloor heating.

Comprehensive evaluation of digital village development in the context of rural revitalization: A case study from Jiangxi Province of China.

Digital rural construction is a key strategic direction to promote China's rural revitalization and alleviate global climate problems. In order to put forward feasible suggestions for the subsequent development and ensure the smooth development of digital village construction, how to reflect the development level of the digital village through scientific and reasonable comprehensive evaluation has become an urgent problem to be solved. This paper establishes a comprehensive evaluation index system through the Delphi method and principal component analysis method, then assigns weights to the evaluation indicators based on the improved CRITIC-G1 method, and then grades the development level of digital villages according to the extension matter element method. Finally, taking Jiangxi Province in China as an example, the overall development level of digital villages in Jiangxi Province is evaluated from the provincial level according to the proposed method. And put forward the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions. Results: Firstly, the development level of digital villages in Jiangxi Province is good, and there is a trend of excellent development level. Secondly, from different aspects of digital rural development, the digitalization of infrastructure, services, economy, and green production in Jiangxi Province is at a good level, and the digitalization of life has reached an excellent level. Thirdly, from the perspective of development trends, the digitization of infrastructure has a progressive trend towards an excellent level of development, while the digitization of services, economy and green production has signs of development regression. According to the analysis results, the relevant countermeasures and suggestions are put forward from four aspects: talent, capital, governance system and development planning. Other regions can evaluate the development level of the digital village according to the evaluation model proposed in this paper so as to analyze the existing problems and put forward targeted solutions to promote the construction of the digital village.

Comparative benefits of environmental protection expenditures and environmental taxes in driving environmental quality of the European countries

AbstractEnvironmental protection and tax policies are part of the crucial pillars and the evolving aspects of environmental sustainability drive. These policies are increasingly employed to counter the 21st century's global climate problem alongside providing economic relief for the implementing economies. Being on the frontier (i.e., the European Union [EU]) of these policies, the current study examines and compares the impacts of environmental protection expenditures and environmental tax on energy consumption on the ploy to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the panel of EU member countries. With the use of system generalized method of moments and panel causality analyses, the study established the effectiveness of both environmental protection expenditure and environmental tax at improving environmental quality by respectively mitigating GHG emissions by elasticities of ~2.08 and ~0.18. Importantly, environmental protection expenditure is found to be about two times more effective at mitigating GHG emissions than environmental tax policy, thus providing a novel perspective in the literature. Moreover, energy intensity and Gross Domestic Product help to improve environmental quality by mitigating GHG emissions while population causes more pollutant effects. Additionally, the investigation reveals evidence of Granger causality from environmental protection expenditure to GHG emissions in seven of the EU countries and Granger causality from environmental tax to GHG emissions in 10 European countries. Notably, measurable dimensions of policy guidelines that are relevant for globally and/or nationally defined sustainable development goals are induced from the result of this investigation.

New options in drug discovery: Endophyte technology

Antimicrobial discovery has traditionally focused on sources from plants, animals and microorganisms. However, with the reoccurring incidences of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) towards the in-use antibiotics and the problem of over- exploration of plants that is heavily altering the ecosystem, the need for other sustainable means of acquiring novel drugs becomes imperative. In a bid to ameliorate these issues, researchegrs have resorted to the use of some endosymbiotic microorganisms, known as endophytes. These are microorganisms inhabiting the internal part of plants, which have been verified to possess great potentials to bioengineer novel products, for therapeutic purposes. The discovery of endophytic microorganisms has come with so many promises of alleviating the challenges of an increasingly daunting multidrug- resistant strain of pathogenic microbes, which have become a global issue in health care delivery. They can be harnessed and utilized in the generation of active ingredients for drug production, instead of the incessant cutting down or harvesting of plants or plant parts, which destroys nature, resulting in global warming and world climate problems. This systematic review is on endophytic technology as a new alternative in drug discovery.

Emission Reduction Decisions in Blockchain-Enabled Low-Carbon Supply Chains under Different Power Structures

With the global climate problem becoming increasingly severe, governments have adopted policies to encourage enterprises to invest in low-carbon technologies. However, the opacity of the carbon emission reduction process leads to incomplete consumer trust in low-carbon products as well as higher supply chain transaction costs. Based on this, this paper constructs Stackelberg game models with and without blockchain under different power structures and compares the impact of these models on low-carbon emission reduction decisions. The results show that: (1) blockchain does not necessarily improve enterprise profits and can only help enterprises maintain optimal profits within a certain range when the carbon emission cost is low; (2) when consumers’ environmental awareness is high, the blockchain can incentivize manufacturers to enhance carbon emission reduction, and it has an obvious promotional effect on retailers’ profits; and (3) the profit gap between enterprises in the supply chain is larger under different power structures, and the implementation of blockchain can coordinate profit distribution and narrow the gap between enterprises. Compared with the manufacturer-dominated model, the emission reduction in products is maximized under the retailer-dominated model. Our study provides theoretical support for the government to regulate greenhouse gas emissions as well as for the optimization of enterprises’ decision-making supported by blockchain.

Pulse fractional grey model application in forecasting global carbon emission

Global climate problem has attracted attention from all over the world. How to correctly reflect greenhouse gas emission trend is not only an environmental problem, but also concerns human society's sustainable development. Energy consumption is the primary source of greenhouse gas emission. It is necessary to accurately forecasting energy consumption greenhouse gas emission future trend. COVID-19 epidemic has brought respite from global climate change problem by reducing energy consumption through home office, work stoppage, and global travel ban. However, in the post-epidemic period, energy consumption greenhouse gas emission intensity trend has become the center research field. This study takes global energy consumption carbon emission problem as the main research line and focuses on forecasting global energy consumption carbon dioxide emission trend in major regions based on COVID-19 epidemic shock background. The study considering epidemic shock volatility characteristic. Firstly, fractional order grey mode (FGM(1,1))is used as the baseline model to balance time series data weight. Secondly, Median absolute deviation data preprocessing is introduced to reduce data fluctuation. Finally, a novel delaying pulse shock function optimized background grey forecasting model is also proposed to reflect epidemic shock-response characteristic. The proposed model is compared with existing models. It is found that data preprocessing and novel proposed model not only improves historical data's fitting quality by reflecting COVID-19 epidemic's shock characteristic, but also showed excellent forecasting performance for future trend. The novel grey model largely solves existing model underfitting/overfitting problem. In the end, based on forecasted results, we summarize research conclusion and implication.

Research on the New Business Trend under the Background of Double Carbon

With the rapid development of the social economy, more and more greenhouse gases are produced due to economic activities, which leads to huge changes in global climate, phenomena like global climate change, climate warming and so on happen frequently. In order to solve these global climate problems, plenty of solutions have been found by experts and government. In the aspect of technology, some clean energy such as electric energy, solar energy and so on are taking the place of the use of fossil fuels which will lead to a lot of greenhouse gas emissions. Besides that, some policies and regulations are also helpful in promoting enterprises' and individuals environmental awareness and taking part in emission reduction work. Take carbon emission as an example, as a policy-based emission reduction tool, it uses the market economy to raise the cost of greenhouse gas emissions, which will improve the bad trend of atmospheric environment resources. In order to achieve the goal of energy saving, emission reduction and environmental production, the adoption of the Kyoto Protocol is an important turning point for global control of greenhouse gas emissions. And the truth is, with the rapid development in developing countries, there are more and more greenhouse gases discharged by them.

Analysis of the energy trade game between major countries under the background of “carbon neutrality”: A case study of the photovoltaic industry in China and the United States

With the global climate change poses a major threat to human society, more and more countries begin to “carbon neutral” as a national strategy. As a major country in the global carbon emissions, China and the United States focus on the development of the clean industry - photovoltaic industry to increase investment, in order to deal with global climate problems. At the same time, China and the United States for the photovoltaic industry game also presents a two-way interaction situation, on the one hand, the two countries for the “carbon neutral” energy strategy affects the two countries’ trade borders, on the other hand, the two countries’ trade strategy also affects the global “carbon neutral” process. This article will be based on the current stage of the two sides of the energy use, the development of photovoltaic industry strength comparison and other aspects of the photovoltaic energy game between China and the United States to discuss.

Comparison Of the Electric Vehicle Industry in China and The United States - In Terms of Sales Volume, Policies, And Technology

In today's global warming environment, countries are trying to reduce their carbon emissions. One of the most accepted and effective ways around the world is to develop the electric vehicle industry. China and the United States, as the two largest economies in the world, the development of the electric vehicle industry in the two countries can be a reference for the world, especially in the context of China's first electric vehicle sales. In the United States, as an automobile power, the electric vehicle industry is also developing rapidly, and gradually catching up with the pace of China. Therefore, by comparing the sales volume, technology and policies of the two countries, this study analyzes the similarities and differences between the industry in the two countries, aiming to find ways to develop the electric vehicle industry in the two countries and even the whole world, and jointly contribute to solving the global climate problem.

Can an emission trading policy promote green transformation of regional economies?: evidence from China

Abstract To promote the green development of the global economy and solve the global energy and climate problems, the green transformation of the regional economy is the only way to solve development challenges. Carbon emission trading policies, as an important market mechanism for promoting carbon emission reduction, can further promote green economic development. This study takes the pilot carbon emission trading policy in China as a natural experiment to explore the impact of the carbon emission trading policy on the green transformation of the regional economy and its mechanism. This study accurately measures the efficiency of green transformation of the regional economy. The empirical results indicate that the carbon emission trading policy can promote the green transformation of the regional economy; carbon emission trading policies affect the green transformation of the regional economy through energy structure, urbanization level, and the interaction between energy structure and urbanization level; the model results are robust. Moreover, due to regional differences in original resource endowments, the effect of carbon emission trading policy on regional economic green transformation presents heterogeneity. Therefore, certain policy recommendations can promote the green development of the regional economy, which has important implications for interdisciplinary research, solving energy and climate problems, and high-quality growth of the world economy.

Application of Biochar for Organic Pollution Control and Energy Storage

Against the backdrop of a growing global climate problem, Against the background of a growing global climate problem, the research on biochar resource utilization is of great importance and urgency. This paper investigates the physical and chemical properties of biochar and its preparation method, and analyzes its principle, application and development prospect in organic pollution control and energy storage. Biochar, due to its large specific surface area and high specific electric capacity, has higher capacitance and charging/discharging stability and lower production cost as graphite electrodes for graphite batteries compared to traditional materials. Biochar is ideally utilized in the field of energy storage. The research and application of biochar is not only helpful for the utilization and transformation of traditional fossil fuel to renewable and clean energy, but also an ideal development area for the rational improvement of soil pollution and the rational disposal of bio-organic wastes.

Examining Green Trade under the Green Economy between China and the countries along the Belt and Road

Currently, the "green economy" is increasingly becoming an important concern of the international community, and coordinating the relationship between economic growth and the environment has become a game point among major powers. Global climate problems, sharp decrease of resources, deterioration of ecological environment and other issues have prompted mankind to think about a more sustainable development model. As an important strategy of China, the "the Belt and Road" strategy is also facing environmental constraints. Based on this background, this paper affirms the necessity of China's development of green trade along the "the Belt and Road", and believes that promoting countries along the Belt and Road to jointly build a green community will not only boost the transformation of China's economic development model, but also help countries along the Belt and Road gradually take the path of sustainable development. This paper also analyzes the current status of green trade in China and the "the Belt and Road" countries, and believes that there are also some difficulties in the opportunities, such as the lack of high-level ecological demand, insufficient technological innovation, and the existence of GDP only theory. It is of practical significance to put forward countermeasures and suggestions.

Natural resources, carbon trading policies and total factor carbon efficiency: A new direction for China’s economy

The role of natural resources is important not only for carbon emissions but also for the overall sustainable development of an economy. With the dual pressure of the worsening global climate problem and the deteriorating domestic environment, carbon emissions and other greenhouse gas emissions must be solved urgently. Consequently, assessing China’s “carbon trading” policies' effect on total factor carbon efficiency is essential to achieving China’s carbon neutrality objectives. Using the Difference-in-Difference estimation model and panel data in 30 provincial-level administrative regions within China from 2000 to 2020, this study examines the effect of “carbon trading” policy on total factor carbon efficiency. The study’s findings indicate that the carbon trading policy encourages total carbon efficiency development. Additionally, the conclusions are robust. Moreover, the results show that the mediation effect analysis indicates that a “carbon trading” policy promotes increasing total factor carbon efficiency through decreasing total energy consumption, optimizing the energy structure, increasing technological innovation, and increasing forest coverage. The heterogeneity analysis reveals that enacting carbon trading policies in the central and western regions is more effective at fostering the enhancement of total factor carbon efficiency. Based on these findings, policy recommendations are made to promote the enhancement of total factor carbon efficiency and attain China’s “Carbon peaking and carbon neutrality” objective.

The oxygen concentration data in a forest canopy in 2020 in Beijing Gongqing Forestry Farm

Background: With the outbreak of global climate problems in recent years, more and more countries have proposed carbon neutral plans. The measurement of forest carbon sinks is gradually becoming a research hotspot in the field of carbon sinks. Methods: Based on observations of the amount of change in oxygen concentration in the forest canopy, we propose a simple and accurate method of forest carbon sinks measurement. Conclusions: In this data note, we provide the data of oxygen concentration in the canopy of a 160-hectare forest in Beijing, and give a convenient equation for calculating the carbon sequestration and carbon sink according to the changes of 15 days oxygen concentration.

In Situ Full-Field Deformation Characterization of Power Module and FEA Model Calibration Based on Stereo Digital Image Methodology

Due to the increasing concern for the global climate problem, the electric vehicle has drawn considerable attention. The power module with high reliability is the key to the deployment and development of the electric vehicle. However, in-depth evaluations, such as the tedious power cycling, are generally required to verify the reliability of the power module prior to putting it into the field application. Therefore, to determine the failure mechanism and evaluate the reliability of the power module, the in situ full-field characterization with 3-dimensional (3-D) deformation under the field application is essential. Besides, the characterization results can also provide a reference for the finite element analysis (FEA) model and further assess the reliability of the power module. In this paper, the deformation mechanism and multi-physics simulation of the power module are comprehensively studied. To achieve the 3-D full-field characterization of the deformation, the stereo digital image correlation (DIC) methodology is proposed to measure the out-of-plane and in-plane deformation. Additionally, in order to validate the feasibility of the proposed method, an active power cycle test rig that periodically heats up the power module by its own dissipation losses is constituted by the introduction of a front-to-front converter. The experimental results show that the maximum deformation occurs on the central surface of the focused zone while the edge bears a minimum deformation. Comparative evaluation indicates that the maximal error between experimental and simulation results is within 5%, thus enable the effectiveness of the FEA simulation model.

Empirical analysis of the influence mechanism of green finance on carbon emission reduction

As the global climate problem continues to intensify, environmental governance issues have been attached importance by all countries. Building a complete green finance context system is an important means to reduce carbon emissions. In the context of the green, low-carbon and circular economy system, the state focuses on the development of green finance and green technology innovation, and takes the promotion of high-quality development of green finance as the primary goal. The realization of carbon emission reduction requires the support of the capital chain provided by green finance, so this study is of great significance. Therefore, the data of 30 provinces and cities in China (except Xizang) from 2010 to 2020 are used to build a panel data model systematically. Through the analysis of the intermediary effect model, the robustness test of the analysis results is carried out, and the correlation between green finance and carbon neutrality is proved by empirical analysis. The results show that the level of green finance development reduces carbon emissions with technological innovation as the intermediary factor.