Burden Of Disease Research Articles

The global macroeconomic burden of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias: estimates and projections for 152 countries or territories

Alzheimer's disease and other dementias (ADODs) severely threaten the wellbeing of older people, their families, and communities, especially with projected exponential growth. Understanding the macroeconomic implications of ADODs for policy making is essential but under-researched. We used a health-augmented macroeconomic model to calculate the macroeconomic burden of ADODs for 152 countries or territories, accounting for: the effect on labour supply of reduced working hours of informal caregivers; the effect on labour supply of ADODs-related mortality and morbidity; age-sex-specific differences in education, work experience, labour market participations, and informal caregivers; and treatment and formal care costs diverting from savings and investments. ADODs will cost the world economy 14 513 billion international dollars (INT$, measured in the base year 2020; 95% uncertainty interval [UI] 12 106-17 778) from 2020 to 2050, equivalent to 0·421% (95% UI 0·351-0·515) of annual global GDP. Japan incurs the largest annual GDP loss at 1·463% (1·225-1·790). China (INT$2961 billion [2507-3564]), the USA (INT$2331 billion [1989-2829]), and Japan (INT$1758 billion [1471-2150]) face the largest absolute economic burdens. The economic burden of informal care ranges from 60·97% in high-income countries to 85·45% in lower-middle-income countries, and treatment and formal care costs range from 10·50% in lower-middle-income countries to 30·80% in high-income countries. The macroeconomic burden of ADODs is substantial and unequally distributed across countries and regions. Global efforts to reduce the burden, especially with regard to informal care, are urgently needed. National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health; Chinese Academy of Engineering; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; Davos Alzheimer's Collaborative through Data for Decisions.

Exploring Disease Dynamics of Acute Diarrhoeal Disease in Cold Desert Ladakh-India: A Geographical Analysis.

Background/Aim: Acute Diarrhoeal disease (ADD) has a significant impact on public health and is the most common cause of mortality and morbidity. The present study attempts to study the spatiotemporal distribution of incidences of ADD and also tries to identify the geographical risk factors by associating socioeconomic and environmental factors with the prevalence of ADD. MethodsThis cross-sectional study conducted micro-level analysis in 24 randomly chosen villages, representing 5% of Ladakh's medical blocks, to gather household data on diarrhoeal diseases, encompassing demographic, socio-economic, and residential environmental factors. Our dataset combines primary and secondary data. We utilized binary logistic regression to evaluate associations between these factors and diarrhoeal disease prevalence. ResultsSpatio-temporal analysis in Ladakh's medical blocks revealed significant variations in diarrhoeal disease incidence, with Leh district showing higher rates compared to Kargil. The under-14 age group exhibited the highest ADD incidence (163.46 per 1000 persons), followed by the over-59 age group (43.73) and the 14-59 age group (8.90), with an overall prevalence rate of 38.91 per 1000 population. Factors such as education levels, household income, sewage drainage facilities, residential environment, and drinking water sources showed statistically significant associations with diarrhoea prevalence among surveyed households of Ladakh. ConclusionsThis research highlights the importance of addressing environmental and socio-economic determinants to mitigate the burden of diarrhoeal diseases in Ladakh. Effective interventions targeting improved sanitation, access to clean water, and socio-economic development are crucial for reducing diarrhoeal disease prevalence in the region.

Best buy interventions to address the burden of steatotic liver disease

Best buy interventions to address the burden of steatotic liver disease

Analysis data spatial for nutrition programs: a review using geographic information system

Nutritional problems are public health problems that are still found in developing countries, one of the prevention efforts requires nutritional data information. Geographic information systems (GIS) is an information system application that can analyze spatial data, such as population distribution, regional boundaries, and access to health centers. This study aims to examine the use of spatial data analysis with GIS in monitoring nutrition programs. The methods used in data retrieval use scientific database searches such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar as well as VOSviewer application with Keywords such as "spatial data analysis", "Geographic Information System", "Nutrition program", and design and implementation. The results of this study state that the GiS has a broad impact on the dissemination of nutritional status information, especially in areas with nutritional vulnerability, GIS spatial analysis can help understand the factors that contribute to malnutrition, as well as environmental factors that influence the success of nutrition programs. The results of the study concluded that priority areas of nutrition program intervention on the use of Geographic Information Systems can be used to make decisions and analyze spatial data to reduce the burden of disease in these areas. Furthermore, this review further enhances the understanding of the use of GiS for nutrition program interventions in improving the success of nutrition programs.

‘Exerkines’: A Comprehensive Term for the Factors Produced in Response to Exercise

Regular exercise and physical activity are now considered lifestyle factors with positive effects on human health. Physical activity reduces disease burden, protects against the onset of pathologies, and improves the clinical course of disease. Unlike pharmacological therapies, the effects mediated by exercise are not limited to a specific target organ but act in multiple biological systems simultaneously. Despite the substantial health benefits of physical training, the precise molecular signaling processes that lead to structural and functional tissue adaptation remain largely unknown. Only recently, several bioactive molecules have been discovered that are produced following physical exercise. These molecules are collectively called “exerkines”. Exerkines are released from various tissues in response to exercise, and play a crucial role in mediating the beneficial effects of exercise on the body. Major discoveries involving exerkines highlight their diverse functions and health implications, particularly in metabolic regulation, neuroprotection, and muscle adaptation. These molecules, including peptides, nucleic acids, lipids, and microRNAs, act through paracrine, endocrine, and autocrine pathways to exert their effects on various organs and tissues. Exerkines represent a complex network of signaling molecules that mediate the multiple benefits of exercise. Their roles in metabolic regulation, neuroprotection, and muscle adaptation highlight the importance of physical activity in maintaining health and preventing disease.

Aberrant brain structural-functional connectivity coupling associated with cognitive dysfunction in different cerebral small vessel disease burdens.

Emerging evidence suggests that cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) pathology changes brain structural connectivity (SC) and functional connectivity (FC) networks. Although network-level SC and FC are closely coupled in the healthy population, how SC-FC coupling correlates with neurocognitive outcomes in patients with different CSVD burdens remains largely unknown. Using multimodal MRI, we reconstructed whole-brain SC and FC networks for 54 patients with severe CSVD burden (CSVD-s), 106 patients with mild CSVD burden (CSVD-m), and 79 healthy controls. We then investigated the aberrant SC-FC coupling and functional network topology in CSVD and their correlations with cognitive dysfunction. Compared with controls, the CSVD-m patients showed no significant change in any SC-FC coupling, but the CSVD-s patients exhibited significantly decreased whole-brain (p = 0.014), auditory/motor (p = 0.033), and limbic modular (p = 0.011) SC-FC coupling. For functional network topology, despite no change in global efficiency, CSVD-s patients exhibited significantly reduced nodal efficiency of the bilateral amygdala (p = 0.024 and 0.035) and heschl gyrus (p = 0.001 and 0.005). Notably, for the CSVD-s patients, whole-brain SC-FC coupling showed a significantly positive correlation with MoCA (r = 0.327, p = 0.020) and SDMT (r = 0.373, p = 0.008) scores, limbic/subcortical modular SC-FC coupling showed a negative correlation (r = -0.316, p = 0.025) with SCWT score, and global/local efficiency (r = 0.367, p = 0.009 and r = 0.353, p = 0.012) showed a positive correlation with AVLT score. For the CSVD-m group, whole-brain and auditory/motor modular SC-FC couplings showed significantly positive correlations with SCWT (r = 0.217, p = 0.028 and r = 0.219, p = 0.027) and TMT (r = 0.324, p = 0.001 and r = 0.245, p = 0.013) scores, and global/local efficiency showed positive correlations with AVLT (r = 0.230, p = 0.020 and r = 0.248, p = 0.012) and SDMT (r = 0.263, p = 0.008 and r = 0.263, p = 0.007) scores. Our findings demonstrated that decreased whole-brain and module-dependent SC-FC coupling associated with reduced functional efficiency might underlie more severe burden and worse cognitive decline in CSVD. SC-FC coupling might serve as a more sensitive neuroimaging biomarker of CSVD burden and provided new insights into the pathophysiologic mechanisms of clinical development of CSVD.

54658 Association of country-level atopic dermatitis disease burden and socio-demographic index with topical calcineurin inhibitor utilization

54658 Association of country-level atopic dermatitis disease burden and socio-demographic index with topical calcineurin inhibitor utilization

Auvelity: A New Era in Medicine - Unraveling the Multifaceted Benefits of Dextromethorphan/Bupropion Combination

Background: Depression is a prevalent global illness, impacting 280 million people worldwide, and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is ranked as the third leading cause of disease burden globally. People previously diagnosed with depression are more likely to develop Alzheimer's disease (AD). The recent approval of Auvelity by the FDA has made a remarkable breakthrough in drug development, offering a multi-dimensional approach for managing multiple diseases. Objective: The main objective of this study is to investigate the role of Auvelity, a new drug, in treating MDD and its potential to manage agitation in individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methodology: Data on Auvelity was collected from various sources, including accessdata.fda.gov, PubMed, and Scopus, and compiled for analysis Discussion: Auvelity is the first oral medication to demonstrate the rapid onset of action, with statistically significant antidepressant efficacy observed as early as one week compared to a placebo. It contains a combination of dextromethorphan (45 mg) and bupropion (105 mg). The drug's mechanism of action involves a combination of NMDA receptor blockade and agonism of the sigma-1 receptor, resulting in the antagonization of the glutamatergic neurotransmitter pathway. Due to the similarity in the mechanism of action with AD medications like Memantine, there is a hypothesis that Auvelity could effectively reduce symptoms of AD. Conclusion: The approval of Auvelity marks a significant advancement in depression treatment with its unique NMDA antagonist mechanism, rapid onset of action, and low-risk profile.

Real-world treatment patterns, health care resource utilization, and costs in a US Medicare population with bronchiectasis.

Bronchiectasis carries a significant economic burden with high health care expenditures associated with frequent hospitalizations, physician visits, and treatments, including oral and intravenous antibiotics for repeated lung infections, airway-clearance therapy, and oxygen administration. Bronchiectasis exacerbations can contribute to this burden. To estimate US health care resource utilization (HCRU) and costs associated with bronchiectasis and with bronchiectasis exacerbations. This retrospective study used the 100% Medicare Fee-for-Service database (January 2014 to December 2020) to compare HCRU and costs among patients with bronchiectasis with those of patients without bronchiectasis (controls). For patients with bronchiectasis, the index date was a randomly selected bronchiectasis claim after more than 1 year of disease history and, for controls, a claim closest to their matched bronchiectasis patient's index date. All patients had continuous enrollment for at least 12 months pre-index (baseline) and at least 12 months post-index. Primary outcomes were all-cause, respiratory-related, and bronchiectasis-related HCRU and health care costs, which were presented by the overall sample and by segmented patient cohorts based on the number of exacerbations during baseline (0, 1, or ≥2). 92,529 patients with bronchiectasis (mean [SD] age, 76.7 [8.8] years; 72.3% female) and 92,529 matched controls qualified for the study. Compared with controls, patients with bronchiectasis presented greater mean (SD) all-cause physician visits (15.4 [10.0] vs 13.2 [9.7]; P < 0.001) and respiratory-related physician visits (5.2 [4.3] vs 1.9 [3.1]), pulmonologist visits (1.9 [2.2] vs 0.3 [1.0]), hospitalizations (0.4 [0.9] vs 0.3 [0.8]), emergency department visits (0.33 [1.0] vs 0.26 [1.0]), and total health care costs ($10,224 [$23,263] vs $6,704 [$19,593]). Respiratory-related HCRU was also greater in patients with more baseline exacerbations, with total health care costs of $8,506, $10,365, and $14,790 for patients with 0, 1, and at least 2 exacerbations, respectively (P < 0.01). This real-world study demonstrates the high disease burden associated with bronchiectasis and with exacerbations, highlighting the need to improve management and reduce exacerbations.

Living with Parkinson's Disease in Portugal: Findings from PRISM Study

BackgroundParkinson's disease (PD) ranks second in global neurodegenerative disorders. The “Parkinson's Real-world Impact assesSMent (PRISM)” study addressed the disease burden and treatment of European PD patients. Yet, the burden on Portuguese PD patients remains unexplored. Here, we outline the demographics, clinical features, and impact of PD in the Portuguese PRISM cohort. MethodsDescriptive analysis of the PRISM Portuguese cohort (80 patients) was performed, emphasizing socio-demographic data, anti-PD medication usage, PD impact on patients' lives and healthcare resources utilization. ResultsThe predominant comorbidities in the Portuguese PD cohort (55% male; mean age 66.2 years; mean disease duration 8.8 years) included depression (26.3%) and anxiety (26.3%). Levodopa was the initial prescribed anti-PD medication for 88% of patients. Among Portuguese PDP, dopamine agonists (DA), monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) inhibitors, and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitors were used by 50%, 44.4%, and 18.3%, respectively. Portuguese PDP experienced impaired quality of life (PDQ-39 score: 31.3±16.8), various non-motor symptoms, namely sadness/blues (65.4%), urinary urgency (63.5%), high/low sex interest (57.7%), while 56% reported at least one impulse control behavior. Additionally, 30.8% retired early due to PD and 31.8% reduced hours in daily activities. Mental health appointments were attended by 31%, primarily in psychiatry (19%) and psychology (6%), and psychotherapy. ConclusionThis study uncovers the burden of PD among Portuguese patients, revealing current treatment methods, impact on daily life and healthcare resources employed in Portugal. It emphasizes the need for personalized clinical strategies at national and international levels to improve long-term health outcomes and quality of life of PD patients.

The Effects of Health Expenditures on Health Outcomes in Türkiye

Aim: In this study, time series and regression analyses were conducted to understand and explore the impact of both public and private health expenditures on health outcomes in Türkiye. Methods: In the study, life expectancy at birth, human development index, disability-adjusted life years per 100,000 people, and share of total health expenditures in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) were employed as dependent variables. Total public and private health investments, current health expenditures for hospitals, current health expenditures for retail sales, and other medical equipment providers were used as independent variables. The data included the period between 2002 and 2019. Results: The results confirm the positive impact of health expenditures in Türkiye, especially public and private health investments, and hospital current expenditures on the burden of disease. However, surprisingly, the results revealed that both public and private health expenditures had no impact on life expectancy at birth, the Human Development Index, or the share of total health expenditures in GDP. As a significant finding, this study demonstrated that public and private health investments and current hospital expenditures in Türkiye have shown improvements in disease burdens, indicating that investment decisions in this area are crucial in terms of both short-term and long-term benefits. Conclusion: These results support the efforts of the country to create a sturdy, objective, and proof-based decision-making process.

Metabolomics and Lipidomics for Studying Metabolic Syndrome: Insights into Cardiovascular Diseases, Type 1 & 2 Diabetes, and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease.

Metabolomics and lipidomics have emerged as tools in understanding the connections of metabolic syndrome (MetS) with cardiovascular diseases (CVD), type 1 and type 2 diabetes (T1D, T2D), and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). This review highlights the applications of these omics approaches in large-scale cohort studies, emphasizing their role in biomarker discovery and disease prediction. Integrating metabolomics and lipidomics has significantly advanced our understanding of MetS pathology by identifying unique metabolic signatures associated with disease progression. However, challenges such as standardizing analytical workflows, data interpretation, and biomarker validation remain critical for translating research findings into clinical practice. Future research should focus on optimizing these methodologies to enhance their clinical utility and address the global burden of MetS-related diseases.

Exploring the molecular mechanisms of PPARγ agonists in modulating memory impairment in neurodegenerative disorders.

Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by progressive memory impairment and cognitive decline. This review aims to unravel the molecular mechanisms involved in the enhancement of memory function and mitigation of memory impairment through the activation of PPARγ agonists in neurodegenerative diseases. The findings suggest that PPARγ agonists modulate various molecular pathways involved in memory formation and maintenance. Activation of PPARγ enhances synaptic plasticity, promotes neuroprotection, suppresses neuroinflammation, attenuates oxidative stress, and regulates amyloid-beta metabolism. The comprehensive understanding of these molecular mechanisms would facilitate the development of novel therapeutic approaches targeting PPARγ to improve memory function and ultimately to alleviate the burden of neurodegenerative diseases. Further research, including clinical trials, is warranted to explore the efficacy, safety, and optimal use of specific PPARγ agonists as potential therapeutic agents in the treatment of memory impairments associated with neurodegenerative diseases.

Describing the burden of disease amongst inpatients with treatment resistant major depressive disorder in Australia.

To describe the quality of life and clinical characteristics of treatment-resistant depression (TRD) patients in an Australian patient cohort recruited cross-sectionally during admission. Inpatients admitted for TRD treatment completed a quality of life questionnaire (AQoL-8D) and a depression severity assessment (HAM-D). A chart review and patient interview occurred for demographic and patient characteristics. Comparisons between the mean AQoL-8D scores of the study population and Australian population norms occurred. 79 TRD inpatients (70.9% female), mean age of 44.8 ± 14.9 years, were recruited, with 78.5% having an anxiety disorder, 48.1% post-traumatic stress disorder, and 30.4% a personality disorder. Adjunctive to antidepressants, 92.4% were taking antipsychotics and 55.7% were taking mood stabilisers. Approximately 42% of patients received transcranial magnetic stimulation, and 35.4% received electroconvulsive therapy. Mean HAM-D score was 20.3 ± 5.2, and AQoL-8D score (120.1 ± 16.5) was significantly higher than Australian population norms (p < .001) indicating reduced quality of life. Personal and clinical characteristics of patients hospitalised for TRD were similar to TRD globally with impaired quality of life relative to the general Australian population. TRD patients on average presented with moderate/severe depression, highlighting the need for greater support for these individuals.

Unrevealing the mechanisms behind the cardioprotective effect of wheat polyphenolics.

Cardiovascular diseases pose a major threat to both life expectancy and quality of life worldwide, and a concerning level of disease burden has been attained, particularly in middle- and low-income nations. Several drugs presently in use lead to multiple adverse events. Thus, it is urgently needed to develop safe, affordable, and effective management of cardiovascular diseases. Emerging evidence reveals a positive association between polyphenol consumption and cardioprotection. Whole wheat grain and allied products are good sources of polyphenolic compounds bearing enormous cardioprotective potential. Polyphenolic extract of the entire wheat grain contains different phenolic compounds viz. ferulic acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, p-coumaric acid, sinapic acid, syringic acid, vanillic acid, apigenin, quercetin, luteolin, etc. which exert cardioprotection by reducing oxidative stress and interfering with different toxicological processes. The antioxidant capacity has been thought to exert the cardioprotective mechanism of wheat grain polyphenolics, which predominantly suppresses oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis by downregulating several pathogenic signaling events. However, the combined effect of polyphenolics appears to be more prominent than that of a single molecule, which might be attained due to the synergy resulting in multimodal cardioprotective benefits from multiple phenolics. The current article covers the bioaccessibility and possible effects of wheat-derived polyphenolics in protecting against several cardiovascular disorders. This review discusses the mechanistic pharmacology of individual wheat polyphenols on the cardiovascular system. It also highlights the comparative superiority of polyphenolic extracts over a single phenolic.

Enhancing Diabetes Management Education in Community Health Centers: Empowering Patients and Improving Health Outcomes

Background: Diabetes poses significant public health challenges globally, with South Africa experiencing high prevalence rates, particularly in underserved regions. The lack of tailored diabetes management programs in community health centers (CHCs) exacerbates poor health outcomes and increases healthcare costs. Methods and Materials: This project aimed to enhance diabetes management education at Pholela Community Health Centre in Durban, South Africa, through comprehensive educational interventions and healthcare provider training. Culturally sensitive educational materials were developed and delivered in multiple languages, targeting patient self-management and healthcare provider competence. Results : The intervention led to a 20% increase in the proportion of diabetic patients achieving target HbA1c levels within one year. Healthcare providers showed improved proficiency in delivering culturally sensitive, evidence-based diabetes care. Patient education workshops and peer support groups significantly improved patient knowledge and self-management practices. Conclusion: The project successfully addressed critical gaps in diabetes education and care at Pholela CHC, resulting in improved patient outcomes and enhanced healthcare practices. Continued community engagement and resource allocation are essential for sustaining these improvements and reducing the disease burden in underserved populations.

Natural History and Longitudinal Outcomes of Patients with Mild-to-Moderate Ulcerative Proctitis or Ulcerative Proctosigmoiditis: A Single-Center, Retrospective Study.

Ulcerative proctitis (UP) and ulcerative proctosigmoiditis (UPS) are special forms of ulcerative colitis. The disease burdens of UP and UPS are increasing. However, the natural history and prognosis of patients with mild-to-moderate UP or UPS have been poorly studied. The aim of this study is to evaluate the characteristics, short-term and long-term outcomes of patients with mild-to-moderate UP or UPS followed at a single center over a period of 3years. A retrospective study of patients with UP and UPS followed at a single center from 2021 to 2023 was performed. After scanning for inclusion and exclusion criteria, patient demographics and clinical data were collected. Disease severity was accessed by Myao endoscopy scores and ulcerative colitis endoscopic index of severity. Endoscopic improvement was defined as decreased scores at the last follow-up. Disease extension was defined as endoscopic evidence of a greater extent of disease at the last follow-up. A total of 414 patients were included for evaluation, of which 292 patients (70.53%) were at mild disease stage, and 122 patients (29.47%) had moderate diseases. At the last follow-up, 315 patients (76.09%) showed endoscopic improvement, and 247 patients (59.66%) showed endoscopic remission. An overall extension rate of 11.11% was observed at the last follow-up. Subgroup analysis revealed a better prognosis in younger patients. The disease extension rate was higher in moderate group and symptomatic patients. Promising outcomes were observed in patients with mild-to-moderate ulcerative proctitis or ulcerative proctosigmoiditis. Disease severity and symptoms are correlated with the risk of extension.

Global prevalence and disability-adjusted life years of hypertensive heart disease: A trend analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

As hypertensive heart disease (HHD) presents a significant public health challenge globally, we analysed its global, regional, and national burdens and trends from 1990 to 2019. We used data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 study, focussing on the age-standardised prevalence rates (ASPRs) of HHD prevalence, age-standardised disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rates, average annual percentage change (AAPC), and risk factor attributions. We compared the HHD burden across sociodemographic index (SDI) strata, gender, age groups, and 204 countries and territories. In 2019, the global prevalence of HHD was estimated at 18 598 thousand cases, with DALYs reaching 21 508 thousand. From 1990 to 2019, the ASPRs increased (AAPC = 0.21; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.17, 0.24), while the age-standardised DALY rates decreased (AAPC = -0.45; 95% CI = -1.23, -0.93). We observed the highest increase in ASPRs in high-middle SDI quantile countries, and an overall negative correlation between age-standardised DALY rates and SDI. Individuals above 70 years of age were the most affected, particularly elderly women. There has been a significant increase in HHD burden attributed to high body mass index (BMI) since 1990. The burden of HHD is concentrated in the middle SDI quintile, with population ageing and growth being major drivers for the increase in DALYs. We identified opportunities for reducing age-standardised DALY rates in the middle SDI quintile or lower. Despite a declining trend in the age-standardised DALY rates, the ASPRs of HHD continue to rise, especially in high-middle SDI regions. Meanwhile, countries in middle and lower SDI quintiles face a higher burden of age-standardised DALY rates. Targeted attention towards elderly women and controlling high BMI, alongside enhancing hypertension and HHD management awareness, is crucial for reducing the global burden of HHD.

Assessing the national and subnational firearm violence trends in Mexico from 1990 to 2019: secondary data analysis from the Global Burden of Disease study

BackgroundMexico is among the countries with the highest mortality rates by firearms worldwide. We aimed to analyse the trend in the burden of firearm violence (FV) by age and sex...

Burden of disease studies supporting policymaking in the European Union: a systematic review.

Burden of disease (BoD) studies quantify the health impact of diseases and risk factors, which can support policymaking, particularly in the European Union (EU). This study aims to systematically analyse BoD studies, which address EU public policies to contribute to the understanding of its policy uptake. A systematic search of six electronic databases and two grey-literature registries was carried out for articles published between 1990 and 2023. The thematic area, type of legislation and the respective policymaking stage were extracted. A textual analysis of the discussion was conducted to assess the inclusion of specific EU policy implications. Overton was used to detect citations in policy documents. Out of the 2054 records screened, 83 were included. Most studies employed secondary data, with 37 utilizing GBD data. Disability-adjusted life year was present in most of the studies (n = 53). The most common type of the EU legislation mentioned was the directive (n = 47), and the most frequent topic was environment (n = 34). Policy implications for EU laws were discussed in most papers (n = 46, 55.4%), with only 8 conducting evaluation of EU policies. Forty-two articles have been cited at the EU-level, in a total of 86 EU policies. Despite increasing efforts in integrating EU legislation impact within BoD studies, these results denote a low consideration of the legal and policy changes. Greater efforts in directing research towards policy effectiveness evaluation might increase their uptake in EU policies.