Global Benefits Research Articles

P378 Insecticidal potential of isolated fungal species in targeting Drosophila melanogaster and Zaprionus indianus

Poster session 3, September 23, 2022, 12:30 PM - 1:30 PM ObjectivesFruit flies are polyphagous insects that attack a variety of commercially significant plants, which resulted in the build-up of insecticide resistance making the research focus shift toward alternative pest management tools in order to reduce risks to humans, environment, and non-target organisms.MethodsFungal species were isolated and molecularly characterized from Drosophila culture medium. Virulence assay was conducted against third instar larvae and adults of Drosophila melanogaster and Zaprionus indianus. Percent adult emergence and larval mortality were calculated.ResultsThree species: Meyerozyma caribbica, Pichia kudriavzevii, and Aspergillus flavus were identified by ITS region sequencing. A. flavus was the most virulent against larvae and adults of D. melanogaster and Z. indianus followed by P. kudriavzevii and M. caribbica (44%-100% mortality). Lethal time to 90% mortality (LT90) ranged from 4.5 to 7 days (P. kudriavzevii) and 3.2 to 4.5 days (A. flavus).ConclusionThese preliminary findings suggest that the isolated fungal species can be deployed in targeting the developmental life stages of Drosophila species and hence, controlling invasive insect pests in an eco-friendly way. The use of these biological control agents could further minimize the use of harmful insecticides which has substantial global health benefits.

Cognitive Improvement Following Physical Exercise and Cognitive Training Intervention for Older Adults With MCI.

The diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) presents a critical period for intervention. Although exercise and cognitive training (CT) interventions have reported independent success in improving cognition, some meta-analyses have suggested that combined interventions provide maximal benefits. Much previous research has studied land-based as opposed to water-based exercise, which places potential barriers on older adults. The purpose of the current study was to examine the impact of combined exercise (water- or land-based) and CT treatment on cognition for older adults with MCI. Participants were 67 adults ages 54-86 years classified with MCI who engaged in 6 months of land or aquatic-based exercise with subsequent CT over 4 weeks. Primary outcome variables were performance measures of several cognitive domains across 3-time points (baseline, following exercise intervention, and following CT intervention). Linear mixed effects modeling examined exercise group differences across time periods in an intention-to-treat analysis. Both aquatic- and land-based exercise with CT interventions resulted in significant improvement in learning and memory outcomes, though improvement in executive functioning, processing speed, language, and visuospatial abilities was limited to water-based and CT treatment groups. Differences in linear growth patterns between groups were nonsignificant. Results suggest that for older adults with MCI to obtain global cognitive benefits (ie, learning and memory, executive functioning, processing speed, language, and visuospatial abilities) using combined exercise and CT interventions, they must be able to fully engage in exercise, and aquatic-based activities should be further considered.

DALYs and the Minimally Good Life

Abstract Nicole Hassoun’s book Global Health Impact: Extending Access to Essential Medicines has three parts. Part 1 is about the right to health, Part 2 offers a concrete proposal for how to promote the ability of people in the developing world to live minimally good lives and Part 3 is concerned with consumer responsibility as it relates to global health. I argue that there is a philosophical tension between the respective projects of Parts 1 and 2. The project of Part 1 reflects a sufficientarian ideal, namely ensuring that each person in our global community has the ability to live a minimally good life. But, the concrete proposal offered in Part 2 reflects a different ideal, namely maximizing global health benefit. While these two ideals may often converge on a set of feasible health outcomes that we should aim to bring about, they can also diverge. The extent to which they diverge depends on our specification of the minimally good life. It is therefore crucial that we have a criterion for distinguishing lives that are at least minimally good from those that are not. Unfortunately, Hassoun’s proposed criterion is problematic in that no life satisfies it.

A subpolar-focused stratospheric aerosol injection deployment scenario

Stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) is a prospective climate intervention technology that would seek to abate climate change by deflecting back into space a small fraction of the incoming solar radiation. While most consideration given to SAI assumes a global intervention, this paper considers an alternative scenario whereby SAI might be deployed only in the subpolar regions. Subpolar deployment would quickly envelope the poles as well and could arrest or reverse ice and permafrost melt at high latitudes. This would yield global benefit by retarding sea level rise. Given that effective SAI deployment could be achieved at much lower altitudes in these regions than would be required in the tropics, it is commonly assumed that subpolar deployment would present fewer aeronautical challenges. An SAI deployment intended to reduce average surface temperatures in both the Arctic and Antarctic regions by 2 °C is deemed here to be feasible at relatively low cost with conventional technologies. However, we do not find that such a deployment could be undertaken with a small fleet of pre-existing aircraft, nor that relegating such a program to these sparsely populated regions would obviate the myriad governance challenges that would confront any such deployment. Nevertheless, given its feasibility and potential global benefit, the prospect of subpolar-focused SAI warrants greater attention.

MANAGING RISKS IN DIGITAL GLOBALIZATION

For multinationals, the benefits of digital globalization are clear, but not the inherent business risks. Nambisan and Luo offer a practical framework to evaluate and manage the risks of digital globalization.

Building mass support for global pandemic recovery efforts in the United States.

Containing the COVID-19 pandemic will confer global benefits that greatly exceed the costs but effective solutions require the redistribution of vaccines, technology, and other scarce resources from high-income to low-income countries. The United States has played a central role in coordinating responses to previous global health challenges, and its policy choices in the current pandemic will have a far-reaching impact on the rest of the world. Yet little is known about domestic support for international recovery efforts. We use a series of conjoint and persuasive messaging experiments, fielded on two national surveys of the US adult population (N = 5,965), to study mass support for international redistribution. We find clear evidence that the general population strongly supports allocating vaccines to own-country recipients before others. But despite this "vaccine nationalism," Americans are also willing to support the US government playing a major role in global pandemic recovery efforts, provided policymakers forge international agreements that ensure moderate domestic costs, burden-sharing with other countries, and priority for certain types of resources, such as domestically manufactured vaccines and patent buyouts. Finally, we test five different persuasive messaging strategies and find that emphasizing the relatively low costs and large economic benefits of global vaccination is the most promising means of increasing domestic support for international redistribution. Overall, our results demonstrate that policymakers can secure broad public support for costly international cooperation by crafting responses aligned with the economic interests of the United States.

Restricted benefits of globalization

Globalization word sounds as if each country is a part of the global village. The countries are forced to integrate with the global economy once they have given up command economy. The market-led-led economy has to be globalized to take advantage of the free movement of factors of production, technology, patents, design etc. The closed economies could not succeed in overcoming backwardness. Therefore, what was conceived in Bretton Wood slowly continued to gain acknowledgment. Finally, even though each country wanted to be communist at one stage, they saw better progress in globalization After remaining beyond the realm of, the countries had to fall in line. Globalization placed a condition that there will be excessive use of capital and labor if the two-way flow of goods and money happens. This is the reason that China grew up at the strength of work. But getting productivity from labor is not an easy task. In case it fails to deliver the output, the country's progress remains underachieved. Poverty and unemployment are still serious issues in India because labor could not be treated fairly. Therefore, advanced countries continue to enjoy the capital eco system in which education is also capitalized.

Paradoxes of Aggravated Vulnerability, Marginalization, and Peril of Forest-Based Communities after Increasing Conservative Forest and Protected Areas in Nepal: A Policy Lesson on Land-Based Climate Change Mitigation

Many measures of international policies and support have dictated developing countries to upscale land areas of intact forestry, special biodiversity conservation site, and other wild reserves to half the land territory of the nation by 2050 for resulting environmental, and other benefits to global societies. The international initiations and work urged scholars to assess the potential impacts of the aggressive policy on forest-based communities and especially those living in institutionally and geo ecologically vulnerable areas. This study compiled the impacts of such international policy interventions on diverse affairs of the local community and national economies in Nepal and drew some conclusions on the well-being future of such forest-based communities. It explained that the international interventions in managing community-based resources induced serious disturbances in many local systems and resulted in vicious circles of emigration, income losses, social problems, psychological stresses, and food insecurities. The interventions have placed some communities and especially indigenous ethnic groups in the position either to be displaced from their ancestors’ homelands or suffer for generations. This study also explained some reinforcing phenomena that emerged from the external interventions which have placed situations of the resource impacting local communities adversely for years. It also investigated whether support of international agencies in policy formation and implementation for resource management safeguards the well-being of the resource-based communities. The agencies resulted in the best environmental and other benefits to foreign societies which have aggravated the misery of local communities, particularly the poor people, women, and indigenous ethnic communities. The adverse impacts on the local societies are not repercussions (accidentally or unknowingly happened). All these findings infer that the international policies of upscaling forests and wilderness areas or making conservation areas in half of their land territory, especially in developing societies for the global benefit, may place the lives of the forest-based communities in peril of suffering for generations or extirpating.

Plant growth and yield of garlic (Allium sativum L.) under applications of liquid biofertilizers

Garlic is a highly relevant vegetable crop from the food and medicinal point of view in the culture of different peoples around the world. The new discoveries of the active components present in the bulbs increase the demand and require that garlic’s production system meets the demands of the market in quantity and quality. The nutrition in vegetables is crucial for the production and protection of crops, and in the garlic crop it is usual practice to apply minerals via leaf application during the cycle. The use and benefits of organic sources associated with minerals in the garlic crop raise questions about the viability of the leaf application method in this crop. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of biofertilizers containing humic acids applied via leaf application in the crop of garlic (Allium sativum) in relation to the control (absence of humic acid). There was no significant variation for the foliar application of biofertilizers for the development parameters (aerial part, root system and bulb formation) and garlic production classes. Biofertilizer 4 at the dose of 30 L ha-1 stood out compared to the Biofertilizers 2 and 3 for total productivity. The use of foliar biofertilizers with organic components associated with minerals can be considered an interesting alternative for the cultivation of garlic, especially if evaluated in the long term and considering the global benefits to the cultivation system.

Cultural Dimensions and Motivations of Social Entrepreneurship Engagement

Social Entrepreneurship (S.E.) is an entrepreneurial activity that answers unsolved social problems (Austin et al., 2006). The study's primary purpose is to measure the perception of Nascent Social Entrepreneurs' motivations of Germak & Robinsons (2013) and Hofstede's (2001) Cultural Dimensions in their engagement with social entrepreneurship. The participants of the study are the Nascent Social Entrepreneurs. They participated in the IGNITE Program of the Center for Social Entrepreneurship (CSE) of the University of San Carlos (USC), Global Social Benefits Institute (GSBI) of Miller Center, and Ramon Aboitiz Foundation Incorporated (RAFI). The data gathering was during the five (5) monthly workshop series; the researcher utilized a self-administered questionnaire derived from the scientific literature and pre-tested with Cronbach Alpha to determine the internal consistency of the constructs in the variables. Multiple Regression Analysis was used to predict the relationship between the cultural dimensions towards the motivation of Social Enterprise Engagement. The study found that only Femininity, High Tolerance for Risk, and Low Power Distance cultural backgrounds influence motivation toward Social Entrepreneurship Engagement.

How Does Globalization Influence the Impact of Tourism on Carbon Emissions and Ecological Footprint? Evidence from African Countries

Tourism and globalization are considered as drivers of economic growth since they boost income, job opportunities, infrastructural development, international trade, foreign direct investment, capital flows, and technological diffusion. However, the economic benefits of tourism and globalization could occur at the expense of increased energy consumption (from fossil fuels) and other pollution-intensive activities that worsen environmental degradation, especially in countries with lax institutions and environmental standards. The roles of tourism, globalization, and their interaction term on environmental degradation have not been thoroughly investigated. Hence, this study analyzes the moderating role of globalization on the impact of tourism on environmental degradation (carbon emissions and ecological footprint) in 31 African countries using different dimensions of tourism and globalization. It uncovers the marginal effect of tourism on environmental degradation at different levels of globalization. It utilizes strategies that account for cointegration, dynamism, endogeneity, heterogeneity, cross sectional dependency, and causality. Evidence from this study shows that globalization and its dimensions play favorable moderating roles on the impact of tourism on carbon emissions. The marginal effect of tourism on carbon emissions decreases as globalization increases, suggesting that a simultaneous increase in tourism and globalization can mitigate carbon emissions. However, no evidence to show that globalization can mitigate the environmental impact of tourism on ecological footprint. The findings differ probably because carbon emissions and ecological footprint measure different aspects of environmental degradation. This analysis emphasizes the need for countries to consider the interaction between tourism and globalization in their quest to ensure environmental sustainability. JEL Classification: F64, Q53, Z32

Understanding Components of Therapeutic Alliance and Well-Being from Use of a Global Digital Mental Health Benefit During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Longitudinal Observational Study

Digital mental health services leverage technology to increase access to care, yet less is known about the quality of therapeutic relationships in a virtual setting. This study examined components of therapeutic alliance (a mechanism underlying successful treatment) and its association with beneficial treatment outcomes in a real-world, virtual setting. The objective is to examine (1) participant ratings of components of therapeutic alliance with providers in a virtual setting, (2) changes in subjective well-being and depressive symptoms among participants who began care with elevated depressive symptoms, and (3) the association between components of alliance and changes in participants’ well-being. Adults (N = 3,087, M age = 36 ± 9 years, 54% female) across the world with access to digital mental health benefits who engaged in videoconference sessions with a licensed therapist (18%, 555/3,087), certified coach (65%, 2,003/3,087), or both (17%, 529/3,087) between Sept. 29, 2020 and Oct. 12, 21. Participants completed 2 adapted items from the Working Alliance Inventory (goals and bonds subscales) after each session, and ratings were averaged across visits (Cronbach’s ɑ = .72). Participants’ World Health Organization-Five (WHO-5) Well-Being Index scores at the start and end of the study period were used to measure changes in subjective well-being. Descriptive and inferential statistics were conducted to examine average alliance ratings across demographics and utilization types and the association between alliance and well-being. The median adapted therapeutic alliance score was 4.8 (range: 1–5) and did not differ by age, country, or baseline well-being (Ps > .07). Females reported higher components of alliance than males (4.88 vs. 4.67, P = .01). Participants utilizing telecoaching reported higher components of alliance than those utilizing teletherapy or both telecoaching and teletherapy (4.83 v. 4.75, P = .004), though effect sizes were negligible. Among those with elevated baseline depressive symptoms (n = 835), participants reported an average WHO-5 increase of 15.42 points (95% CI 14.19–16.65, P < .001, Cohen d = 1.06) with 58% (485/835) reporting clinical recovery and 57% (481/835) reporting clinical improvement in depressive symptoms. Higher components of therapeutic alliance scores predicted greater well-being at follow-up (b = 2.04, 95% CI 0.09–3.99, P = .04) after controlling for age, sex, baseline WHO-5, and number of days in care (R2 = .06, P < .001). Exploratory analyses indicated this association did not differ by utilization type, baseline well-being, or session utilization (Ps > .34). People with access to one-on-one videoconferencing care via a digital mental health benefit formed a strong bond and sense of alignment on goals with both coaches and therapists. Higher components of alliance scores were associated with improvements in subjective well-being among participants who began care with elevated depressive symptoms, providing evidence that a positive bond and goal alignment with a provider are two of many factors influencing virtual care outcomes. Continued focus on the quality of therapeutic relationships will ensure digital mental health services are patient-tailored as these platforms expand equitable access to evidence-based care.

Dimples for Skin-Friction Drag Reduction: Status and Perspectives

Dimples are small concavities imprinted on a flat surface, known to affect heat transfer and also flow separation and aerodynamic drag on bluff bodies when acting as a standard roughness. Recently, dimples have been proposed as a roughness pattern that is capable of reducing the turbulent drag of a flat plate by providing a reduction of skin friction that compensates the dimple-induced pressure drag and leads to a global benefit. The question whether dimples do actually work to reduce friction drag is still unsettled. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review of the available information, touching upon the many parameters that characterize the problem. A number of reasons that contribute to explaining the contrasting literature information are discussed. We also provide guidelines for future studies by highlighting key methodological steps required for a meaningful comparison between a flat and dimpled surface in view of drag reduction.

An ideological critique of the OECD’s BEPS Action Plan

ABSTRACT ‘Ideology' is a central concept in critical approaches to law. After a brief overview of the aspects of ideology, I propose a restricted concept, synonymous with a social discourse that establishes a certain view of social life in order to create, maintain, and consolidate social relationships. I then provide an introduction to the ideological analysis of law, revealing the function of ideology as creator of the beliefs that sustain the legislation and the reproduction of law through adjudication. Based on this, I analyse the BEPS Action Plan of the OECD, and the documents issued to provide rationales for its proposed actions. I thus critically show how a factual context is ideologically created for the BEPS Plan through the distortion or omission of crucial features of the workings of the global capitalist system. That is the case of the defence of the supposedly ‘general and worldwide benefits of globalisation,' the aim of a ‘fair taxation' of multinational enterprises, the omission of direct production activities in the design of a criterion for assigning taxation power, etc. The article also focuses on the role played by the plan’s explanatory documents in the drafting of national legislations and the resolution of judicial disputes

Renewable Energy and Poverty in Sustainable Development of the European Union

The current socioeconomic development results in a number of consequences that lead to changes in the environment. These changes are often harmful and are associated with over- or misuse of natural resources. The issue of sustainable development is increasingly taking a prominent place in regional and local development strategies. Access to energy services is essential for social inclusion. Addressing poverty, including energy poverty, can bring a number of benefits related to reduced health expenditures, reduced air pollution, improved comfort and well-being, and improved household budgets, among other things. According to the results of the analysis, the utilisation of energy from renewable sources is intrinsically linked with the salary level – on average, a higher salary level is accompanied by a larger scale of utilising energy from renewable sources. In spite of the expected negative value, a similar relationship has been observed in the case of correlating the level of poverty with the use of energy from renewable sources – it is higher when the use of energy from renewable sources is higher. The performed study indicates the lack of adequately constructed support mechanisms for the poor in terms of financing and operating installations generating green energy, as well as the lack of proper education as regards local and global benefits resulting from prosumer energy. The desire to eliminate the abovementioned barriers necessitates the continuation of actions concerning synergistic accomplishment of the first and seventh targets, constituting two out of seventeen foundations of sustainable development.

Estimation of Carbon Sequestration in a Forest: A case study of Bhawal National Park, Gazipur

Carbon sequestration is a global strategy of reducing atmospheric carbon to tackle global warming and climate change. Since the industrial revolution, the atmospheric carbon has been concentrating, therefore, global warming is speeding up and ecosystems are destroyed which increases the threat for global environmental sustainability. To limit global warming to 1.50C, COPs recommendation to be implemented particularly stop and restore forest loss, and line up the financial sector with net zero by 2050. Also, the Kyoto protocol explore the opportunity of carbon trading for developing countries like Bangladesh which is also reinforced by the net zero strategy of IPCC. To assess the forest carbon sequestration potentials, Bangladesh needs to accurately measure its storage carbon using statistical validated methods. Compared to ideal situations considering size and population, forest land is inadequate in Bangladesh as a result, to get global benefit, the country should manage the carbon pool by assessing periodically and managing accordingly. This study follows the randomized block design for sampling and data collection from 9 plots of 100 m2 each. Each individual tree of a sample plot measured and recorded and a total 240 trees measured to get its GBH and individual height. Study area covers the core area of Bhawal National Park which is a planted forest dominated by Sal tree (shorea robusta). From the study it has been observed that 3.345-million-ton Carbon sequestrate (equivalent to 12.276-million-ton CO2) in the core area of Bhawal National Park which is 940 hectares. Very few older plants are found in the Bhawal national park, most of them were coppicing plants. This study report might be beneficial for the potential forest researchers to estimate sequestrate carbon and to achieve net zero of carbon emission also, h&#x0D; elps to create a foundation of carbon trading, therefore, the country might be benefited.

Climate action and populism of the left in Ecuador

ABSTRACT There is little reason to expect developing countries to take costly local actions for global climate benefits. This is less so when populist governments of the left – who claim to speak for the poorest sectors of the population – must negotiate environmental protection and development. This article examines climate action in Ecuador, one of the poorest countries of Latin America, during a populist moment. We propose an analytical framework that explains how moments of institutional rupture create space to articulate ideational and material interests towards climate action. We explore this by analyzing an initiative that would have left oil underground in exchange for compensation by the international community. Beyond the rise of significant personalities, populist moments signal a rupture where power relations, norms, and development trajectories can be reconfigured. Populists are political entrepreneurs who articulate these conditions for personal gain, but populist moments also reveal space for climate action.

A local interaction dynamic for the matching problem

In the matching problem agents with partially overlapping interests must be matched pairwise. It has inspired many physicists working on complex systems who studied the properties of the stable state and the ground state by employing the tools of statistical mechanics. Here, we examine the matching problem from a different perspective by studying a dynamic evolution of a matching system. We propose a model where agents interact locally and selfishly to maximize their benefit. We investigate the dynamic and steady-state properties of our model in two different cases: when mutual benefits between agents are symmetrical and when they are not. In particular, we show analytically that the global benefit of the society in the stationary state is far from the ground state in both cases, and this distance increases with the number of agents. However, a society with symmetrical interests performs better than one with asymmetrical interests. Possible practical implications of our findings are discussed.

MedComm ‐ Biomaterials and Applications announcement

“MedComm - Biomaterials and Applications” is a sister journal of “MedComm”. “MedComm” as a successful pioneering work is a comprehensive online open-access journal. The journal highlights original findings that contribute to further understanding of pathogenesis, or to improve the diagnosis and treatment of human disease. Interdisciplinary research using methods from molecular biology, cell biology, chemistry, pharmacology, or materials science is particularly encouraged to address clinical, basic, and translational medical problems. For different subject areas, we have established the MedComm series of sister journals. As one of its sister journals, “MedComm - Biomaterials and Applications” is committed to publishing a series of cutting-edge research results related to biomaterials in the medical field. Biomaterials are materials that interact with biological systems and are used in the field of biomedicine. Biomaterials have become increasingly important due to their significant impact on the biomedical field, playing important roles in drug delivery, tissue engineering, gene carriers, biosensors, and more. Throughout history, metal-based biomaterials have been used in stomatology and other fields more than 2000 years ago. Then with the development of materials science, synthetic biomaterials emerged, and the application of materials in the biological field was further expanded. For example, polyester was used in vascular stents, and polyether-urethanes were used in artificial hearts. However, biocompatibility, degradability, security, and so on remain some of its key concerns. The use of biodegradable organic polymers as drug delivery systems has made a breakthrough in the research of biomaterials and after about 50 years of development, biomaterials have been prepared into various hydrogel systems, micronanoparticles, spun fibers, and so forth to meet various conceivable biomedical applications. “MedComm - Biomaterials and Applications” is also an online open-access journal that focuses on solving current medical problems with novel biomaterials. Biomaterials have been widely used in the medical field. “MedComm - Biomaterials and Applications” is committed to publishing original cutting-edge research, including the application of biomaterials in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, application in tissue engineering, biological response of biomaterials in vivo, development of biomaterials in clinic, basic and translational research of biomaterials, and so forth. Biomaterials include but are not limited to polymer nanoparticles, bioceramics, hydrogels, liposomes, three-dimensional printed materials, inorganic nanoparticles, spun fiber, and so forth. Our goal is to deepen the research on biomaterials in the medical field and create an authoritative interdisciplinary platform, involving materials science, chemistry, biology, pharmacy, medicine, and other multidisciplinary fields. In embracing these developments, we must also practice sustainability and environmental issues, both as a priority. Research articles, letters, and review papers are open to authors to submit their cutting-edge work in the field of medicine, and we will also invite experts to publish cutting-edge reviews in this area. In addition, news, views, and highlights will be provided from time to time, commenting on the latest research progress of biomaterials in the medical field, and timely resolving controversial topics on biomaterials. With the gradual development and progress of various fields, new therapeutic targets and new scientific problems are continuously revealed and proposed, and solutions to these medical problems are also emerging. Biomaterials will be indispensable in solving these problems as one of the solutions. We stand on the surface of the earth, look up at the starry sky, and keep thinking, pursuing, and exploring. We work at the interface between physical science, life science, engineering and medicine, and allied disciplines, always conscious of global societal impact and patient benefit. Scientists will continue to explore new biological materials on the earth and even in the universe to solve current and upcoming medical problems. “MedComm - Biomaterials and Applications” provides a platform for students, scientists, engineers, and clinicians in materials science, biology, pharmacy, chemistry, and medicine to share their research and findings in this interdisciplinary field, providing researchers with valuable and useful academic information.

Do improved biomass cookstoves reduce fuelwood consumption and carbon emissions? Evidence from a field experiment in rural Ethiopia

Using a randomized experimental design, real-time electronic stove surface temperature measurements and controlled cooking tests, we estimate fuelwood and CO2 savings from an improved cookstove (ICS) program in rural Ethiopia. Cooking uses a majority of the fuelwood in the country and therefore is a critical determinant of greenhouse gas emissions. Estimating fuelwood savings is therefore a key aspect of crediting ICS climate change benefits. Our findings suggest that the Mirt injera stove saves a substantial amount of fuelwood. Using a relatively low estimate of percentage of nonrenewable biomass, on average one Mirt stove avoids the burning of approximately 634 kg of fuelwood per year and sequesters an additional 0.65 tons of CO2, which is about one-third of previous estimates. The U.S. Interagency Working Group (2013) 2015–2019 estimate for the global social cost of carbon of $44.00 per ton implies annual global benefits from reduced fuelwood burning of $28.60 per stove per year, which substantially exceeds the $12.00 initial cost of the stove. As the global benefit is much greater than the cost, which is borne entirely by Ethiopia, international transfers would be warranted to support expansion of Mirt adoption.