Glassine Paper Research Articles

Development of a novel seized drug screening method utilizing DART-MS and used weigh paper

The conventional analytical scheme for seized drug analysis utilizes quick and cost-effective presumptive testing, such as color tests, followed by more discriminatory techniques, such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Before the seized drug evidence is analyzed, the evidence is weighed using an appropriate weighing matrix and balance. Typically, the weighing matrix is discarded as chemical waste; however, the process of weighing the evidence leads to the deposition of drug residue onto the weighing matrix, which is then amenable to rapid analysis using ambient ionization approaches, such as direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART-MS). This study demonstrates a DART-MS method for the rapid screening of seized drug evidence using filter paper and glassine paper weighing matrices commonly found in forensic laboratories. Validation experiments were performed using filter paper and glassine paper and compared to the results obtained using glass capillaries to assess the effectiveness of each weighing matrix. A total of 40 authentic samples, 20 filter papers and 20 glassine papers, were analyzed and the resulting spectra were searched using the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) DART-MS Forensics Database and Data Interpretation Tool (DIT). When compared to the ground truth GC–MS results, the developed approach had a 90% correct identification rate, with all misidentifications being due to the presence of tablets rather than powder. The developed DART-MS screening method provides the seized drug community with a method to rapidly screen seized drug residue remaining from the weighing process and to improve the overall laboratory efficiency.

Modification Of Gelamai Payakumbuh Through the Addition Of Yellow Pumpkin (Cucurbita Moschata Duch) And Improved Packaging

This study entitled “Modification of Gelamai Payakumbuh through the Addition Yellow Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) and Improved Packaging” was conducted in order to empower local roots based on the traditional foods of the Payakumbuh area and also incorporating it with proper packaging techniques using various types of packaging materials to extend product shelf life. The research objective is to diversify the product of processed pumpkin gelamai, a specialty food from the city of Payakumbuh. This involves determining the proper formulation in the manufacturing of gelamai with the addition of yellow pumpkin, as well as extending the shelf life of processed gelamai through treatment and packaging modifications. Research was carried out for six months at the Payakumbuh Erina Gelamai Company and the Laboratory of Food Microbiology at the State Food Chemistry and Agriculture Polytechnic of Payakumbuh. The design used in this laboratory study was a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) arranged in a factorial with two factors, where each treatment was repeated three times. The first factor was modification by the addition of pumpkin waluh at 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%. While the second factor was the treatment of the packaging type by using polypropylene plastic, aluminum foil, dried banana leaves, dried corn leaves, and glassine paper. The results showed that the diversification of product in the manufacturing of processed pumpkin gelamai can enhance flavor, fat content, and extend shelf life. The addition of pumpkin in the production of gelamai can suppress the formation of free fatty acids and the oxidation process during the storage. The best treatment was found to be modification by the addition of 30% pumpkin with the use of aluminum foil packaging, which can extend shelf life for 20 days at room temperature.

Relative humidity and qualities of hygroscopic medications stored in different one-dose packaging papers

The one-dose package is useful for patients who are prescribed multiple medications. However, the one-dose packaging of hygroscopic medications is difficult because the quality of the medication is reduced by moisture absorption. Cellophane polyethylene laminating paper at 20 μm or 30 μm thickness and glassine papers are widely used for one-dose packaging. The basic characteristics, such as water permeability, of these packaging papers have been demonstrated by companies; however, the quality changes of hygroscopic medications stored in these packaging papers are poorly understood. In this study, we compared the relative humidity in packaging papers and the qualities of the stored hygroscopic medications among 20 μm and 30 μm thick cellophane polyethylene laminating paper and glassine paper. Glucobay® 50 mg, Magmitt® 330 mg, and Phosblock® 250 mg tablets were used as hygroscopic medications to be packaged and the relative humidity, weight change, and hardness of tablets were measured. The relative humidity decreased in the order of glassine paper, 20 μm thick cellophane polyethylene laminating paper, and 30 μm thick cellophane polyethylene laminating paper. Additionally, tablets inside the 30 μm thick cellophane polyethylene laminating paper gained the least weight. Therefore, tablets in a 30 μm thick polyethylene laminating paper absorb less moisture than those in other papers. However, the effect was less pronounced at high temperature, even if the relative humidity remained the same. We expect that the results will be used by hospitals and clinical pharmacies to understand the characteristics of packaging papers and ensure appropriate usage.

Butterfly eyespot color pattern formation requires physical contact of the pupal wing epithelium with extracellular materials for morphogenic signal propagation

BackgroundEyespot color pattern formation on butterfly wings is sensitive to physical damage and physical distortion as well as physical contact with materials on the surface of wing epithelial tissue at the pupal stage. Contact-mediated eyespot color pattern changes may imply a developmental role of the extracellular matrix in morphogenic signal propagation. Here, we examined eyespot responses to various contact materials, focusing on the hindwing posterior eyespots of the blue pansy butterfly, Junonia orithya.ResultsContact with various materials, including both nonbiological and biological materials, induced eyespot enlargement, reduction, or no change in eyespot size, and each material was characterized by a unique response profile. For example, silicone glassine paper almost always induced a considerable reduction, while glass plates most frequently induced enlargement, and plastic plates generally produced no change. The biological materials tested here (fibronectin, polylysine, collagen type I, and gelatin) resulted in various responses, but polylysine induced more cases of enlargement, similar to glass plates. The response profile of the materials was not readily predictable from the chemical composition of the materials but was significantly correlated with the water contact angle (water repellency) of the material surface, suggesting that the surface physical chemistry of materials is a determinant of eyespot size. When the proximal side of a prospective eyespot was covered with a size-reducing material (silicone glassine paper) and the distal side and the organizer were covered with a material that rarely induced size reduction (plastic film), the proximal side of the eyespot was reduced in size in comparison with the distal side, suggesting that signal propagation but not organizer activity was inhibited by silicone glassine paper.ConclusionsThese results suggest that physical contact with an appropriate hydrophobic surface is required for morphogenic signals from organizers to propagate normally. The binding of the apical surface of the epithelium with an opposing surface may provide mechanical support for signal propagation. In addition to conventional molecular morphogens, there is a possibility that mechanical distortion of the epithelium that is propagated mechanically serves as a nonmolecular morphogen to induce subsequent molecular changes, in accordance with the distortion hypothesis for butterfly wing color pattern formation.

Environmental improvement in the printing industry: the case study of self-adhesive labels.

Labels are used for marketing, technical information, local of production and environmental declarations of products. The aim of the study was to evaluate the life cycle of two sets of front and back adhesive labels made with different liners: polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and glassine paper. The study is a pioneering initiative in the labelling industry using life cycle assessment, especially in Brazil. The attributional life cycle assessment method was based on the ISO 14044 standard and covered the entire life cycle, cradle to grave. Primary data for key suppliers, printing facility and label use composed the foreground data, while the ecoinvent database composed the background data. The material efficiency was assessed through mass balance. The impact assessment methods were cumulative energy demand for non-renewable energy and ILCD 2011 midpoint for the environmental categories. The glassine liner is heavier than the PET which resulted in larger environmental indicator values for production, transportation and waste treatment. On the other hand, energy demand of label set with glassine liner was lower than the PET. Furthermore, the hotspot analysis of each impact category was presented per process and substance. The label set made with glassine liner tended to present larger environmental indicator values in most categories, 13 of the 16 assessed, compared to the label set made with PET liner, despite the uncertainties. Contribution analysis identified that the pre-manufacturing step presented larger environmental indicator values than manufacturing, use and post-use steps along the label set life cycle. Therefore, environmental improvement opportunities were evaluated through scenarios of end of life, recycled inputs, domestic suppliers, waste prevention and product redesign. Moreover, the life cycle assessment was useful for diagnosing the energy and environmental profiles of self-adhesive labels and planning cleaner production measures that avoid environmental tradeoffs.

Effect of Packaging on Shelf-life and Lutein Content of Marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) Flowers.

African marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) flowers are highly valued for their ornamental appeal as well as medicinal properties. However, their short shelf lives cause high post-harvest loss and limit their export potential. The review of patents and research articles revealed that different types of packaging designs/materials have been successfully employed for extension of shelf lives of cut flowers. The current work focuses on designing of different packaging configurations and selection of best configuration for preservation of marigold cut flowers. Ten packaging configurations, composed of four different packaging materials i.e., low density polyethylene (LDPE), polyethylene terephthalate, glassine paper and cellophane paper, were designed. Each pack, consisting of 20 ± 1 g of marigold flowers along with non-packaged control set were stored at 23 ± 2°C, 80% R.H., in an environmental chamber and the flowers were evaluated for their sensory attributes, phytochemical characteristics and physicochemical parameters of senescence to determine their shelf lives. Flowers packed in LDPE bag showed highest shelf life of 8 days with a lead of 4 days compared to control (shelf life - 4 days). This study also established for the first time the phenomenon of carotenogenesis in marigold cut flowers with significantly (P<0.01) higher production of lutein in LDPE packaged flowers. LDPE pack was the best design among the ten package designs, in preserving lutein content of marigold flowers and extending their shelf lives. This economically viable packaging can not only boost the export potential of this ornamental flower, but also allow utilization of nutraceutical potency of lutein.

Cellulose acetate nanofiber electrospun on nylon substrate as novel composite matrix for efficient, heat-resistant, air filters

Cellulose acetate (CA) nanofibers were prepared via electrospinning to obtain a high quality factor (QF) fibrous mat for aerosol particle filtration. To this purpose, special attention was paid to the substrate material used to collect the nanofibers. Different materials (glassine paper, Lyocell, nylon grids) were investigated for use as substrates in the membrane spinning process. Membrane and membrane fiber morphologies were characterized by optical microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyses. Results show that the arrangement of the membrane fibers is directly correlated to the morphology of the collecting substrate material. Experiments shows that the electrospun nanofiber web tends to recreate the specific character of the supporting textile texture. A support with a pronounced bi-dimensional structure should be preferred. A regular grid, made of nylon, is selected for the composition with CA nanofibres.By maintaining the same support, various electrospinning parameters such as the spinning solution CA concentration (14wt%, 18wt%) and spinning volume (15–120μL) of the membranes are tested in terms of air filtration performance. Filtration tests are performed by measuring the filter penetration against neutralized aerosol particles. Basis weight, solid volume fraction and thickness parameter were investigated to find the best arrangement.The filtration efficiency of stacked layers is analyzed at variable thickness of the building block element. An electrospun membrane of above 60μm thickness, combined with the selected substrate, increases the QF and improve its reproducibility. The QF can be further increased with an optimized porosity of the nylon substrate. The best QF of 0.080±0.050Pa−1 at 300nm was obtained by spinning a 14wt% CA solution in an acetone- DMSO-acetic acid solvent mixture on a nylon grid with 100μm mesh size producing fleeces with a very low pressure drop (7Pa). Thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) and SEM imaging demonstrated the stability of the composite filter morphology up to 200°C.

All-Printed, Foldable Organic Thin-Film Transistors on Glassine Paper.

All-printed, foldable organic thin-film transistors are demonstrated on glassine paper with a combination of advanced materials and processing techniques. Glassine paper provides a suitable surface for high-performance printing methods, while graphene electrodes and an ion-gel gate dielectric enable robust stability over 100 folding cycles. Altogether, this study features a practical platform for low-cost, large-area, and foldable electronics.

Effect of crystallization conditions on the physical properties of a two-layer glassine paper/polyhydroxybutyrate structure

Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a hydrophobic, biodegradable biopolymer, which can be a potential substitute for currently used synthesized polymers in the packaging in- dustry. However, its utility is often limited by its brittleness and poor mechanical properties, mainly because of its through- thickness fractures. In this study, we laminate and crystallize PHB on glassine paper by hot-pressing and tune the crystal- lization conditions to minimize cracking. Glassine paper is im- permeable to PHB granules and allows the formation of a distinguishable bilayer of PHB. It was found that glassine paper serves as a soft substrate, which increases the number of nu- cleation sites of the spherulites and prevents growth of the cracks in the neighboring PHB layer. Quenching the films to the crystallization temperature was found to minimize cracking enough to reduce the water vapor transmission rate to 15- 25 gm � 2 day � 1 , irrespective of the crystallization temperature; however, the mechanical properties improved only at the crys- tallization temperatures below 77 C, perhaps due to the local stress in the existing cracks at higher crystallization tem- peratures. The optimum crystallization conditions were found to be quenching the film in an ice bath and crystallization at room temperature, by which we obtained mechanical strength and Young's modulus of 80 MPa and 2:5 GPa, respectively, and a water vapor transmission rate of 20 g m � 2 day � 1 . Our results suggest a simple and cost-effective method to produce PHB films with enhanced mechanical and barrier properties.

Comparison of gampi paper and nanofibers to chromatography paper used in paper spray-mass spectrometry

Two series of “papers” that were made from natural fibers and synthetic fibers, respectively, were examined for use in paper-spray mass spectrometry and the results were compared to chromatography paper that is currently being used. In the former case, four types of papers were used, including gampi paper, tengujou paper, glassine paper and cicada paper, and the findings show that the limit of detection can be improved when gampi paper was used. This is because gampi paper is very tough and extremely thin (thickness, <20μm), which permits sample molecules to be translated and evaporated nearly instantly. Since ionization occurs within a very short period, an abundance of ions is formed, leading to a dramatic improvement in the limit of detection. Meanwhile, a series of tough, thin synthetic fibers, including a microarray membrane (hollow and fibrous) and nanofibers, were also tested. The papers were prepared from polycarbonate, polylactic acid and poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA), respectively, by means of a co-axial electrospinning technique. The findings show that the limit of detection also can be improved, when a PLLA nanofiber was used. This is because this type of paper-like nanofiber is also very thin, tough and hydrophobic, which permits to ionization to occur within a very short period. Detailed information on methods for synthesizing these fibers and their use in the analysis of a real sample are also reported.

Barrier Properties of Polylactic Acid in Cellulose Based Packages Using Montmorillonite as Filler

Polylactic acid (PLA) and montmorillonite (CB) as filler were studied as coatings for cellulose based packages. Amorphous (AM) and semi crystalline (SC) PLA were used at different concentrations according to a 2 × 6 × 3 full factorial experimental design. CB loading was three concentrations and coating was performed by casting. Contact angle (CA), water vapor (WVP) and grease permeabilities were measured for each resultant package and were compared to commercial materials (Glassine Paper, Grease Proof Papers 1 and 2 produced commercially). Significant differences were found and the main factors were the type and concentration of PLA. The best values were: for grease penetration, +1800 s; WVP from 161.36 to 237.8 g·µm·kPa−1·m−2·d−1 and CA from 69° to 73° for PLA–AM 0.5% and CB variable. These parameters are comparable to commercial packages used in the food industry. DSC revealed three different thermal events for PLA–SC and just Tg for PLA–AM. Crystallinity was also verified, obtaining a ΔHcrys of 3.7 J·g−1 for PLA–SC and 14 J·g−1 for PLA–SC–BC, evidencing clay interaction as a crystal nucleating agent. Differences found were explained on terms of the properties measured, where structural and chemical arrays of the coatings play a fundamental role for the barrier properties.

Co-occurrence of bacteria and fungi and spatial partitioning during photographic materials biodeterioration

The microbial spoilage and correlated surface changes of a cellulose nitrate negative film, a gelatine–silver positive print, a cardboard frame and a cellulosic envelope dated back to 1938–1940 was assessed by means of molecular methods and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Materials characterisation was obtained with Raman, Infrared and Electronic dispersion spectroscopies. DNA was extracted from bacteria and fungi, amplified through PCR oriented to bacterial 16S rRNA gene and fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS), and clone libraries were constructed for each investigated material. The ITS fungal cloning was able to detect a bigger spectrum of species respect to bacterial one. Correspondence between molecular results and SEM observations was used to address the cause of biodeterioration to single species, and to map the presence of different organisms in separate niches. This investigation highlighted a co-occurrence of both bacteria and fungi on most of the substrata, and a spatial partitioning according to the different photographic materials. Moreover, for the first time, the effects of a biological attack on glassine paper were documented.

ニフェジピン徐放性細粒と種々医薬品との配合変化 （２）

The compatibility of combining sustained release fine granules of nifedipine (SRN) with 32 kinds of drugs was studied. The mixtures of SRN and drugs in heat-sealed packages (polyethylene-laminated glassine paper) were kept at either 20°C and 75% relative humidity (R. H.) or 30°C and 92% R. H. for 30 days, respectively. Any changes in the color or weight of the samples were recovered. Dissolution tests of nifedipine from the mixtures of SRN and drugs were studied in J.P. disintegration media No.1 and No.2. The dissolution of nifedipine was slightly enhanced in mixtures containing sodium bicarbonate in the disintegration medium No.1. However, no significant incompatibility was observed in the weight change, and no significant change was seen in the dissolution of nifedipine.

調剤時の分割分包損失率と粉体物性の関連性 みかけの付着の測定

In order to predict the weight loss of a powder on the dividing and packaging machine, adhesion of Lactose G® and Crystalline Lactose with sieving particle diameters of 32/50, 50/100, 100/200 and 200 mesh pass were investigated. The examination of the apparent adhesion to the polyethylene laminate glassine paper and to four types of materials (processed glass beads shot, teflon, ground and crude stainless steel 304) used in the dividing and packaging machine showed a larger adhesive in the smaller size of both lactoses. There were significant correlations between the apparent adhesion and weight loss to the glassine paper and to the ground stainless steel 304 in each of the lactoses. No correlation was seen between the adhesive force of polyethylene laminate glassine paper obtained from the shear test and wall friction test on weight loss.It is concluded that the measurement of apparent the adhesion of powder is suitable for the anticipation of weight loss.

ニフェジピン徐放性細粒と種々医薬品との配合変化および光安定性

Compatibility of sustained-released fine granules of nifedipine (SRN) with 21 kinds of drug were studied. The mixtures of SRN and drugs in heat-sealed packages (polyethylene-laminated glassine paper) were kept at 20°C and 75% relative humidity (R. H.) or 30°C and 92% R. H. for 30 days. Weight change and color of samples were recorded. Dissolution tests of nifedipine from the mixtures of SRN and the drugs were studied in J. P. disintegration media No.1 and No.2. Significant incompatibility was not observed in the weight change, nor was significant change of dissolution of nifedipine noted except for the combination with sodium bicarbonate. Dissolution of nifedipine was enhanced by sodium bicarbonate in disintegration medium No.1.We further studied photodegradation of nifedipine in SRN. Fluorescent light was irradiated (1000 lx) on SRN in a petridish wrapped with polyvinylidenchloride film, in a heat-sealed package, in a heat-sealed package kept in a paper bag, and in a heat-sealed package kept in a light-resistant multi-layered laminate bag. Except for the light-resistant bag, light irradiation produced considerable unstability in nifedipine in SRN.

Isolation and Identification of Volatile Compounds from Glassine Packages

ABSTRACTThe volatile flavor compounds in glassine packages were characterized using headspace concentration technique and GC/MS. The major compounds identified were 2,2‐dimethyl‐1,3‐propanediol, 3,3‐di‐methyl‐4‐hydroxybutanal, and 2,2‐dimethyl‐1,3‐propanediol diacetate. Compounds representing hydrocarbons, alcohols, and phthalates were also identified. The majority of these compounds could be attributed to residues from the lacquer applied to the glassine paper as a curable coating.

特殊合成樹脂製スーパーカレンダー及びオンマシンカレンダーロール ＩＩ 実機での使用結果

Following previous studies in which resins were evaluated on an experimental basis for applicability to supercalender rollers and on-machine soft calender rollers, the present paper describes conditions and results of plastic roller application in commercial paper mills. Plastic rollers are used for four types of soft-nip calenders, of which three are on-machine soft calenders and one is an off-machine soft calender. The on-machine soft calenders have been operating successfully and the off-machine soft calender has also been in smooth operation, although some initial problems were encountered. Although super-calenders have been operating favorably for thermosensitive paper, the application to the production of glassine paper is being tested. In addition, for other types of paper, only one or two rollers for multiroll super-calenders have been used, and applications are still being developed. The paper finishes by considering precautions to be taken when using plastic rollers.

Manufacture and physical properties of alginate fiber papers as an analysis model of cellulosic fiber papers

AbstractThe staple fibers of Ca alginate or alginic acid were found to have interfiber self‐bonding, which allowed us to make papers composed of fibers with homogeneous fiber diameter and fiber length without binders. The analysis of the effect of the molecular weight (MW) and fiber diameter on physical properties of the sheets showed that strength factors, except zero span breaking length and tear index, increased with increase of MW of alginic acid up to 6 × 105 dalton. The folding endurance was the most sensitive to MW, requiring a MW of 5 × 105 dalton or higher to reach the level of 10 folds. The breaking length of alginate fiber papers ranged from 2.0 to 3.5 km and was higher than that of the corresponding free acid fiber sheets. Investigation of the effect of fiber length indicated that the folding endurance increased almost linearly with increase in fiber length but that the breaking length and tear index were maximum at a fiber length of 3.0 mm, suggesting that these factors were mainly influenced by sheet formation. The paper formability of the metallic salts of alginate fiber was as follows: Ca2+ &gt; Ba2+ &gt; Al3+ &gt; &gt; Fe3+. The admixture of acidic polysaccharides, such as pectin and κ ‐carrageenan with Na alginate, also made it possible to spin continuous yarn. Papers obtained from the admixed fibers had higher bulk density and Young's modulus by 1.5–1.8 times and were very transparent, just like glassine paper. X‐ray microanalysis showed that the Ca alginate fiber had no skin‐core structure, homogeneously distributing Ca2+ in whole fiber.

Pulp and Paper Mills in Japan (58)

Fuji mill is located at the central part of Fuji city which is closely situated from two biggest marketting cities of Tokyo and Osaka, has started its first paper machine operation in 1951.The mill has nine (9) Fourdrinier machines, one twinwire machine and three (3) coater machines, and produces around 70 grades of paper including LWC, glassine paper, post card paper, color wood free paper, newsprint paper, and telephone number paper.At present, it also produces Kraft pulp, Ground wood, Refiner Ground wood and De-inking pulp.Its capacity of monthly paper production is around 33, 000 tons. The area of Fuji mill is around 40, 000m2 and employees are around 1, 050.

Compatibilities of Gastropylore with Antacids

Compatibilities of Gastropylore (GSP), an extract from lamb's gastric mucosa, with antacids were studied in terms of the macroscopic changes and the residual protease activity. Magnesium oxide and sodium bicarbonate were selected as the antacids since these were frequently used concomitantly with GSP in clinical application. The admixtures of GSP with these antacids were wrapped with polyethylene-laminated glassine paper, polyethylene-laminated cellophane or high density polyethylene, and stored under various conditions as follows: relative humidity of 92% at 30°, 75% at 20°, and 52% at 5°, respectively.As the result of the experiments, the residual protease activity of GSP under the severecondition (relative humidity of 92% at 30°) was stable for 2 weeks. GSP-sodium oxide admixture also showed distinct changes neither in the macroscopic observation nor in the residual protease activity under the relative hnmidity of 75% at 20° for two weeks. In GSP-sodium bicarbonate admixture, the residual protease activity becomes stable; however, the residual protease activity can be fairly meintained by using low humidity permeable film (high density polyethylene) as wrappings.