Glass Tumblers Research Articles

Transfigurations of the Commonplace: Hirst’s Tumbler, Joyce’s Tap

One reason why the concept of the quotidian has proved elusive to critics of literature and the visual arts is that the commonplace in art and literature so often refuses to remain untransfigured, not least because of its power to confront us with the material detritus with which we surround ourselves and which we will eventually join. It is not surprising, then, that contemporary artists share a preoccupation with finding both mortality and transcendence in what John Wilmot, Earl of Rochester called “the lumber of the world.” In this paper, I shall consider how an early Damien Hirst mini-installation, consisting of a glass tumbler of water and a ping-pong ball, takes its only partly mocking place in a still life tradition going back to Roman xenia and seventeenth-century vanitas paintings, and to a related literary tradition typified by Thomas Hardy’s Under the Waterfall and James Joyce’s great prose aria to water all its forms in the Ithaca section of Ulysses.

An unusual presentation of foreign body rectum

Retrieval of rectal foreign body (FB) is a surgical dilemma. Variables including FB size, shape, make, time of insertion, presentation in ER, associated injuries, local edema, contamination, reluctance to seek medical aid, multiple unsuccessful attempts for self-retrieval masked by improper history and concealing the actual facts makes surgical management challenging. In this study, two unusual cases of FB in rectum and retrievals were presented. Case 1 was a 22 year old boy with a metallic glass tumbler in rectum reported after 12 days with constipation and pelvic pain. Repeated self-attempts for removal by the patient further pushed the FB upwards. Retrieval of rectal FB was done from rectum with repair and diversion colostomy which was closed later. Patient confessed this was his thirteenth attempt with the same object with successful retrieval all the time in last nine months. Case 2 was a 27 year old boy who inserted a sharp iron rod (used for picking ice) in the anal region which migrated to sigmoid colon without perforation of the viscera. Patient reported after three days with sharp shooting pain in left lower abdomen which aggravated on defecation. Abdominal examination revealed no sign of peritonitis, X-ray and CECT abdomen unexpectedly revealed no viscera perforation. Retrieval of FB stuck at sigmoid colon was undertaken with repair and diversion colostomy and closed later. From the study it was concluded that the retrieval of FB with proper psychological evaluation along with rehabilitation of the patient in society was a multidisciplinary management. Actual algorithm of management of these cases was beyond the surgical clinics and one-time emergency FB retrievals.

A CONSTRUÇÃO DE SIGNIFICADOS SOBRE A CONDENSAÇÃO DA ÁGUA COM ALUNOS DO 1.º CICLO DO ENSINO BÁSICO

Este artigo descreve e interpreta o processo de construção de significados científicos sobre a condensação da água, promovido numa turma do 4.º ano de escolaridade, com uma média de idades de 9,4 anos. Ele resulta de uma intervenção pedagógica mais ampla, que incorporou uma abordagem de ensino das ciências baseada na experimentação e investigação. Através da análise do diário de aula, apresenta as conceções iniciais dos alunos sobre o tema em estudo, os processos científicos por eles utilizados nos contextos de condensação criados por um copo de vidro com água e gelo e pelo bafejar para um espelho e identifica momentos de aprendizagem particularmente importantes no desenvolvimento da compreensão da condensação da água, promovidos naqueles contextos. Por fim, apresenta também os resultados da avaliação das aprendizagens dos alunos e tece algumas considerações sobre as implicações para a prática dos professores e para os processos de formação.

The impacts of brewing in glass tumblers and thermos vacuum mugs on the aromas of green tea (Camellia sinensis).

This study investigated the effect of brewing apparatus on the aromatic feature of tea infusion. Huangshan Maofeng tea infusion was brewed under glass tumblers (GT) or thermos vacuum mugs (TVM) for up to 180min. Tea infusion sensory attributes were evaluated using quantitative descriptive analysis and the composition of volatiles were analyzed using headspace solid phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results showed that GT tea infusion at each brewing duration possessed stronger 'Pure', 'Fresh' and 'Grassy' attributes than TVM tea infusion, whereas TVM tea infusion showed a higher intensity on 'Steamed' aroma. A total of 74 volatiles were detected in tea infusion, and aldehydes and alcohols appeared to be the major volatiles. Total aldehydes concentration percentage decreased in tea infusion with brewing process, whereas an increase on total alcohol percentage was found. Principal component analysis indicated that brewing duration and apparatus played vital roles in altering the volatile composition in tea infusion, whereas orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) revealed that GT tea infusion samples were separated from TVM tea infusion samples. OPLS-DA also screened 20 volatiles that significantly contributed to the differentiation of GT and TVM tea infusion.

Escargot by Daschka Slater

Reviewed by: Escargot by Daschka Slater Deborah Stevenson Slater, Daschka Escargot; illus. by Sydney Hanson. Farrar, 2017 [34p] ISBN 978-0-374-30281-8 $16.99 Reviewed from galleys R* 4-6 yrs Our self-assured narrator may have no shortage of ego (“I am such a beautiful French snail that everybody stares at me”), but one thing makes him very sad: “Nobody ever says their favorite animal is the snail.” Escargot hasn’t given up hope, though, trying to convince the listener of his suitability for favorite via flattery, unexpected ferocity, and a swift race to the salad at the end of the book. Escargot’s voice is parfait, an airy blend of ego and need masterfully balanced in witty and well-turned sentences that leave plenty of room for audiences to get the joke. Cues for interaction (“Can you also make a fierce face to scare away the carrot? Maybe we should roar at it, too?”) are unexpected yet playful, with additional humor in the snail’s engaging responses. Trim, controlled pencil and watercolor art gives Escargot the inevitable French sailor’s shirt, neckerchief, and teeny beret, but the jaunty guy’s wide, sincere eyes reveal the depth of his yearning snail soul—and make for some great comic faces. The neat regularity of the art mirrors the tonal control of the text while adding some clever touches, such as the snail’s loving gaze at himself in a glass tumbler or his casual recline upon a wine cork. Haul out your best Pepe Le Pew cartoon French for this gastropod confectionery. Copyright © 2017 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois

Compression in vasculitis

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Ma and Me

We've been home alone for the last 12 hours, an unbroken seam of pills, and feedings, glass tumblers full of cloudy water, soaked Depends, cryptic blood splotches, endless changes of linens or clothing, phantom pains, garbled speeches, and phone calls. And this was just the first night. Lambert comes by to drop off the prescriptions, I barely greet him. He asks me how Ma is. I shake my head. In her room, I place the new medication, the morphine, next to the others. It looms, the largest of the bottles, a prop in a Hitchcock film. Don't take 'em all at once, he tells her. He jokes with her in a way I never can. She beams, llamatoothed, loving his sense of humor. Getting it, even though many of the words have lost their meanings. She feels recognized, provoked. She's always been morbid, and knows it. He pats her muu-muu'd shoulder. When is that pigeon-head going to take me home? she asks him.

INHIBITION OF PB-LEACHING FROM LEAD CRYSTAL GLASS BY COATING WITH FILMS PREPARED BY THE SOL-GEL METHOD

The chemical durability of lead glass tumblers (24% PbO) in a 4% (v/v) acetic acid solution before and after coating with sol-gel derived SiO2 films was assessed to determine the extent of reduction in Pb-leaching that can be achieved. It was found that by coating the internal surface of the glass tumblers with 1 ml of 10% TEOS solutions at 100°C and densifying the coating formed at 500°C for 1 h, it was possible to reduce Pb-leaching to about one quarter of that of the uncoated glass.

Rectal Foreign-Body Forceps

To the Editor.— Foreign bodies are placed in the rectum by accident or because of psychiatric illness. Their size and shape varies considerably, and consequently a variety of techniques have been described for their removal. Recently a patient with an inverted glass tumbler in the rectum was treated successfully by removal. The technique employed would seem to be applicable to rectal foreign bodies of many sizes and shapes. Report of a Case.— A 62-year-old bachelor with a history of alcohol abuse was seen in the emergency room of the University of Virginia Hospital. The evening before, he had accidently sat upon a small tumbler while intoxicated, forcing this object into his rectum. Physical examination and a flat abdominal roentgenogram (Fig 1) confirmed the presence of the glass within the rectum. Manipulation of the glass was attempted in the emergency clinic, but removal was impossible. In the operating room, an epidural

Removal of a foreign body in the rectosigmoid using a tonsil snare.

Foreign bodies are introduced through the anus, either through impalement or from a therapeutic mishap.¹Among the latter are such items as anal dilators, enema tips, and thermometers. Among the former, a cursory check of the literature during the past several years reveals a bizarre group, ranging from vegetables, such as cucumbers and onions, to such solid objects as flashlights, light bulbs, spectacles, and even an umbrella handle!⁴By far the commonest objects introduced were made of glass, and these ranged from glass tumblers to various types of bottles.^1-9 In general the objects introduced by impalement are either introduced maliciously, usually during a drinking bout as a practical joke, or self-inserted for autoerotic gratification, which apparently results from pressure over the prostate and seminal vesicles. Occasionally the objects may be introduced for such reasons as constipation, itching piles, etc. Many methods of treatment have been advised, and

A Study of the Taste of Fluoridated Water

The comparison was made quickly, as memory proved to be short for the slight difference in taste. Actual tasting was done from varied glass tumblers. The subjects gradually developed from an initial sipping technique to the practice of using several mouthfuls for each comparison. The total volume of expectorated liquid for the series of eleven frequently amounted to approximately 2 liters. This practice developed late in the study and probably accounts for the low thresholds attained by some of the subjects. In testing with an array of eleven containers, a score of two or fewer errors was judged a success. (The probability of such an occurrence by chance is 0.027.) If three or four errors occurred, the subject was asked to repeat the tasting. If, in the repeat test, three or fewer errors were made, it was judged successful tasting; if more, a failure. More than four errors in the initial test was judged a failure.

THEORY OF THE BEHAVIOR OF GLASSWARE IN SERVICE*

AbstractThe most important characteristic of a piece of glassware such as a bottle or a jar is its serviceability, that is, the amount of use which can be obtained from it. In the case of glassware which is subject to repeated re‐use, this serviceability may be thought of in terms of length of life, measured either by months or years, if the service is uniform, or measured by the number of trips successfully undergone if it is not.The termination of the serviceability of such glassware is due to breakage, and breakage in turn is, in the vast majority of cases, due to impact. But a piece of glassware may survive many severe impacts, only to succumb to a comparatively minor one. Impact alone is not the whole story. Glassware must be prepared for breakage by undergoing a process of use and abuse during which the surface is scratched, abraded, and otherwise damaged and thus rendered vulnerable to the final stroke.In the present paper the assumption is made that in nearly all cases breakage involves two separate and independent processes, the “vulnerating” process and the final impact. On this assumption a mathematical treatment is evolved which yields a mortality curve showing the relation between the rate of breakage and the service age of a given installation of glassware. This curve has been found to represent quite accurately the results of a service test on glass tumblers conducted in an actual restaurant.Impact strength, as determined by laboratory tests, declines with service age in a way consistent with the above assumption. These strength data, furthermore, may be correlated with the results of the service test.Additional data are being secured from other service tests now in progress.

The infected root‐hair count for estimating the activity of Plasmodiophora brassicae Woron. in the soil

A method is described for estimating the relative numbers of Plasmodiophora brassicae spores germinating in different soils, by counting infected root hairs. Cabbage seedlings are grown for 1 week at 25d̀C. in glass tumblers of the infected soils; after washing out, the tap roots are stained in 1% aceto‐carmine and a count is made of the number of root hairs containing zoosporangia of P. brassicae, along 2 cm. of root. It is shown that by this method it is possible to study, for example, the action of different bases in inhibiting root‐hair infection; the main inhibiting factor was found to be soil alkalinity, however produced. Other factors were found to influence infection in lesser degree; thus the number of infected root hairs was reduced in soils receiving N/10 sodium and potassium chlorides in place of distilled water. Root‐hair infection was also inhibited by low soil‐moisture content.

Responses of Elodea densa to Growth-Regulating Substances

1. Since Elodea is an aquatic, excised bud-node and apical segments were readily grown in aqueous solutions of some sixteen growth substances and related compounds. The principal gross responses noted were axillary bud development, shoot elongation, the number of roots emerging, time and order of their appearance, their lengths, and root-hair development. 2. The injury of excision provided the initial stimulus for renewed growth in the bud nodes. Although some minor modifications were noted, where damage through treatment had not occurred, the general pattern of vegetative reproduction remained relatively unaltered in both control and test solutions. Excised bud nodes, in tap water alone, and cultured under suitable growing conditions, developed into complete new plants. 3. Nearly all the cultures were grown in 250-ml. glass tumblers under daylight fluorescent light with a daily light period of 13 hours. Experiments with different intensities of light showed that a reasonably good growth was maintained at 400 f.c. 4. In this species four root primordia are formed at each bud node very early in the ontogeny of the primary axis. There are two latent primordia in the primary axis in the region of divergence of the secondary axis, and two in the base of the secondary axis near the point of divergence from the primary axis. Even in rooted shoots as long as 1 m. these primordia remain latent. Upon excision of the bud node the two primary primordia emerge, and later the two secondary primordia may emerge. In control cultures in tap water these secondary primordia rarely appear, at least in the culture period of about 20 days. When these nodes are grown in solutions of certain indole or naphthalene compounds, stimulation of all four primordia may occur, and occasionally fifth roots may emerge. 5. For total root lengths at 16 days (experiment 1, concentration 1 p.p.m.) the decreasing magnitude of response was: indolepropionic, indolebutyric, indoleacetic, l-tryptophane, phenylacetic, control, B1, and naphthaleneacetic. Average individual root length was: l-tryptophane, indolepropionic, control, phenylacetic, indoleacetic, B1, indolebutyric, and naphthaleneacetic. For total number of roots the order was: indolebutyric, indolepropionic, indoleacetic, naphthaleneacetic (l-tryptophane, phenylacetic, and B1 all similar), and control. 6. For total elongation of apical segments in the dark series at 129 hours (experiment 13, concentration 5 p.p.m.) the decreasing magnitude of response was: naphthaleneacetic, indolepropionic, naphthalene acetamide, indolebutyric, indoleacetic, ascorbic, l-tryptophane (B1 and histidine similar), and control. In the light series the order was the same through acetamide, and then the order was indoleacetic, indolebutyric, and control. The remainder of the substances had some inhibitory effect in the light. The highest growth rate measured was 0.30 cm./hr. (control, 0.13 cm./hr.) in the indoleacetic dark series at 21 hours. 7. Root hairs were rarely formed on the free-growing roots of excised bud nodes, larger segments, or shoots, growing under adequate light intensities. Root-hair formation did occur upon treatment with certain types of compounds. Of all the different types used, only those compounds with the indole or naphthalene ring system (and containing acid side chains) were associated with root-hair formation. In cultures in indolepropionic at 5 p.p.m., structural abnormalities developed in the terminal portions of the hair cells-possibly related to the abnormal water relations induced and greatly magnified by this high concentration. In view of the specificity of the response to certain types of compounds, this root-hair test of Elodea would appear to be a useful method of establishing a diagnostic character for the classification and characterization of certain of the growth-regulating substances. 8. The degree of inhibition and stimulation induced by many of the growth substances (aside from concentration) was a function of the light intensity, and to some extent the size of the segment employed. Increased growth of roots and shoots was associated with indolebutyric, indolepropionic, and histidine at low light intensities, where in control cultures little or no growth occurred. The association of growth-regulating substances with the synthesis of total solids, with starch hydrolysis, cellular respiration, salt absorption, and water regulation was considered in relation to cell elongation and to other growth processes.

Behaviour of the fungus Rhizoctonia solani Kiihn in the soil

Rhizoctonia solani was found able to grow as a saprophyte through natural unsterilized soil. Its rate of growth under different soil conditions in glass tumblers was studied by the Rossi‐Cholodny soil‐plate method. Growth was most rapid at the lowest soil‐moisture content tested, viz. 30 % saturation, and was accelerated by forced aeration of the soil. The maximum distance to which mycelial growth could be supported on the food reserves of the agar inoculum alone was some 5 cm., as shown by extent of growth through tubes of moist sand, but in 23 days the fungus grew 21–24 cm through tubes of soil. Removal of the agar disk 2 days after inoculation of the tubes reduced growth through sand by more than half, but through soil by only a small proportion. In soil, Rhizoctonia was able to cause 100% damping‐off of radish seedlings planted at a radial distance of 4 cm. from the agar inoculum, and some 40 % damping‐off at a distance of 9 cm. The depressing effect of additions of 1 % ground‐wheat straw or dried grass to the soil upon growth of the fungus was attributed to (1) the negligible cellulose‐decomposing ability of Rhizoctonia, (2) nitrogen starvation of the mycelium, through rapid utilization of the available soil nitrogen by the cellulose‐decomposing micro‐organisms multiplying upon the fresh organic material, (3) fungistatic action on Rhizoctonia of the respiratory carbon dioxide produced by the cellulose‐decomposers.

SOIL CONDITIONS AND THE TAKE‐ALL DISEASE OF WHEAT

SUMMARYA study has been made of the decline in viability of Ophiobolus graminis as resting mycelium in artXcialIy infected wheat straw buried in the soil. The pieces of straw were buried in variously treated soils set up in glass tumblers, and were examined at intervals for the presence of still viable Ophiobolus mycelium by means of a wheat seem test.The experimental results suggest that the disappearance of Ophiobolus from the straws was due to natural decomposition by the other soil microorganisms since, in its resting phase, the fungus tolerated adverse physical conditions of the soil better than conditions optimum for microbiological activity. Decline in viability of the fungus appeared to be indefinitely postponed in air‐dry soil, in soil at 2–3°C., and under sterile conditions in the culture flask; it was less rapid in a waterlogged soil than in one maintained at medium moisture content. The soil conditions least favourable for the advance of Ophiobolus along the host roots in its parasitic phase (Garrett, 1936) may best preserve it during its resting phase because they are also unfavourable for general microbiological activity.Loss of viability was hastened by the addition of energy materials poor or entirely lacking in nitrogen, such as glucose, starch, and rye‐grass meal, to the soil; it was more rapid in a partially sterilized and reinoculated soil than in an untreated soil. These results may be attributed to the rise in numbers and activity of soil micro‐organisms following upon the treatments. The rate of decline of the fungus varied with soil type, being more rapid in rich and heavy soils than in poor, light soils. Rate of decline was apparently not directly affected by soil reaction, nor appreciably by moisture content of the soil over the range 30–80% saturation. Decline of the fungus was more rapid under conditions of fluctuating soil moisture and improved aeration in unglazed flower‐pots than under more uniform conditions in glass tumblers; it was slowest in soil maintained under still and uniform conditions in a small closed incubator.The most rapid disappearance of the Ophiobolus resting mycelium, therefore, seems to have been secured by conditions favouring maximum microbiological activity in the soil. The decline in viability of the fungus did not necessarily proceed parallel with gross decomposition of the infected straw as a whole. It was delayed by the addition of dried blood, containing 13% nitrogen, to the soil, whereas this treatment accelerated decomposition of the straw. Decline of the fungus was accelerated by addition of rye‐grass meal, which delayed decomposition of the straw by taking up the available nitrogen. It is suggested that the Ophiobolus mycelium may itself serve as a source of nitrogen for the decomposition of the straw, and that the rapidity of its disappearance may be related directly to the degree of nitrogen scarcity in the soil and straw medium.I have much pleasure in thanking Dr A. G. Norman for various useful suggestions, and for all the nitrogen determinations. I am especially indebted to Miss L. Cunow and to Miss M. M. Browne for help in the carrying out of the experiments.

DISTRIBUTION OF ROOTS IN POROUS AND NONPOROUS PLANT CONTAINERS

Many years of experience in growing plants in clay pots have taught the horticulturist to judge the needs of his plants by the condition of the root system. The so-called pot-bound condition, in which the root system appears as a mass of interlacing roots between the pot and the soil mass, is a criterion that is applicable only to this type of container, i.e., the porous clay pot. Jones (1) has shown that plants may be grown in nonporous containers and that such plants are equal to those grown in the conventional clay flower pot. The study of root systems in both porous and nonporous plant containers shows a striking difference. In the porous pot, the root system is almost wholly outside the soil mass and the core of soil within may be easily removed. In the nonporous pot, there are relatively few roots on the outside of the soil mass and it is exceedingly difficult to remove the soil from the roots, which ramify throughout the This condition was observed by Whitney and Cameron (7) in 1904 when experimenting with soils in wire baskets covered with paraffin. Such plant containers are nonporous. These investigators state : uInno case has there been found any evidence of any effort on the part of roots to develop toward the sides of the pot. On the contrary, they grow freely throughout the soil. The wire basket covered with paraffin was the outcome of failures to keep the root system within the soil, for in glass tumblers this particular soil contracted, leaving an air space saturated with water vapor between the soil and the wall of the tumbler. These investigators further noted that they obtained an even distribution of soil moisture within these paraffined wire baskets.

Observations upon the Behaviour and Structure of Hydra.

ABSTRACT The Hydras upon which the following observations were made were obtained from various sources, chiefly through the kindness of Dr. Monica Taylor, from the Convent of Notre-Dame. They were kept in covered, half-pint glass tumblers, in water from a large tank in which there was a fair quantity of weed and a variety of animal life (Isopods, Cladocerans, Planarians, &c.). This was used because the Hydra would not live for more than one or two days in tap-water. The water was-changed and the tumblers cleaned when necessary. This was about once a week in summer, as food-remains became foul very quickly then, but less frequently in winter. The water was never aerated artificially. The Hydras were fed on a culture of Daphnia twice a week, and the remains and excreta removed, as far as possible, the following day. Under these conditions the Hydras lived and remained healthy for months. Occasionally one or two, for no apparent reason, would decrease in size and finally degenerate and die, but in only one case was a whole tumbler attacked by a ‘depression period Even here a fair proportion remained healthy throughout. When well fed the Hydras budded actively. None of my specimens carried more than four or five buds at a time and the number was usually less.

A GLASS TUMBLER IN THE RECTUM

The unusual features of this case are the size and shape of the glass tumbler. C. K., a man, aged 55, entered the Indianapolis City Hospital, March 10, 1919, at 2 p. m., saying that about fifty hours before, with the assistance of a woman, he had introduced a small glass into the rectum for the purpose of exciting sexual passion. When I was called to the hospital I found him in shock with rapid pulse and rising temperature. I could feel one side of the thin edged glass tumbler tightly wedged about 4 inches up in the rectum with the mouth down, into which had rolled the edematous rectal mucosa, making it impossible to move the glass down by traction. I opened the abdomen, found a beginning peritonitis, and after opening the rectum I first tried again to push the glass down out of the anus, but could not

THE UMBILICAL CORD.A METHOD OF DRESSING.

When the first stage of labor is nearing completion it is my custom to procure a common glass tumbler, in which 1/2,000 or 1/3,000 solution of bichlorid of mercury with sterile water is prepared, and into this several pieces of sterile gauze and three strong braided silk ligatures are placed. A pair of shears and a compression forceps are then put in a sterilizer or basin on the stove to boil. The second stage of labor completed, I tie the cord at two points about six inches from the child's body, cut between and pass the child to the nurse to wash while I care for the mother. When ready to dress the cord, the hands being sterile, I wash the child's abdomen and the cord with a piece of gauze taken from the bichlorid solution previously prepared, carefully cleansing the base of the cord and the omphalic folds. This