Glass Screen Research Articles

When breaking glass ceiling leads to glass screens: gender differences in civility and competitive aggressiveness in esports

The purpose of this paper is to examine whether gender differences exist in terms of the perceived response to civility as well as competitive aggressiveness and anger in esports. There is a dearth of literature on how these variables affect male and female participation in esports. To fill this gap, a total of 84 professional esports players from 27 different countries completed a quantitative survey of measures related to their competitive aggressiveness and anger and their perception of civil behaviours among competitors. Results revealed that female players perceived lower levels of civility compared to male participants who displayed higher competitive aggressiveness. No significant difference was found between gender regarding anger behaviours. This paper adds to the work in civility, diversity-gender and equity research area in esports. Specifically, it highlights how male and female professional players perceive civility while emphasising some factors that jeopardise gender equality when facing competition.

An investigation on protection properties of Tantalum (V) oxide reinforced glass screens on unexposed breast tissue for mammography examinations

IntroductionThe utilization of radiation shielding material positioned between the both breasts are crucial for the reduction of glandular dose and the safeguarding of the contralateral breast during mammographic procedures. This study proposes an alternative substance for shielding the contralateral breast from radiation exposure during mammography screening. MethodsIn this study, we present an analysis of the shielding effectiveness of transparent glass that has been doped with Tantalum (V) oxide encoded as BTZT6. The evaluation of this shielding material was conducted using the MCNPX code, specifically for the ipsilateral and contralateral breasts. The design of the left and right breast phantoms involved the creation of three-layer heterogeneous breast phantoms, consisting of varying proportions of glandular tissue (25%, 50%, and 75%). The design of BTZT6 and lead-acrylic shielding screens is implemented using the MCNPX code. The comparative analysis of dose outcomes is conducted to assess the protective efficacy of BTZT6 and lead-acrylic shielding screens. ResultsThe utilization of BTZT6 shielding material resulted in a reduction in both breast dose and skin dose exposure when compared to the lead-acrylic shield. ConclusionBased on the findings acquired, the utilization of BTZT6 shielding material screens during mammography procedures involving X-rays with energy levels ranging from 26 to 30 keV is associated with a decrease in radiation dose. Implications for practiceIt can be inferred that the utilization of BTZT6 demonstrates potential efficacy in mitigating excessive radiation exposure to the breasts and facilitating the quantification of glandular doses in mammography procedures.

Fs laser written volume Raman–Nath grating for integrated spectrometer on smartphone

In this work we demonstrate the integration of a spectrometer directly into smartphone screen by femtosecond laser inscription of a weak Raman–Nath volume grating either into the Corning Gorilla glass screen layer or in the tempered aluminosilicate glass protector screen placed in front of the phone camera. Outside the thermal accumulation regime, a new writing regime yielding positive refractive index change was found for both glasses which is fluence dependent. The upper-bound threshold for this thermal-accumulation-less writing regime was found for both glasses and were, respectively at a repetition rate less than 150 kHz and 101 kHz for fluence of 8.7 × 106 J/m2 and 1.4 × 107 J/m2. A weak volume Raman–Nath grating of dimension 0.5 by 3 mm and 3 μm pitch was placed in front of a Samsung Galaxy S21 FE cellphone to record the spectrum using the 2nd diffraction order. This spectrometer covers the visible band from 401 to 700 nm with a 0.4 nm/pixel detector resolution and 3 nm optical resolution. It was used to determine the concentration detection limit of Rhodamine 6G in water which was found to be 0.5 mg/L. This proof of concept paves the way to in-the-field absorption spectroscopy for quick information gathering.

Toward the strengthening of radioprotection during mammography examinations through transparent glass screens: A benchmarking between experimental and Monte Carlo simulation studies.

A lead-acrylic protective screen is suggested to reduce radiation exposure to the unexposed breast during mammography. The presence of toxic lead in its structure may harm the tissues with which it comes in contact. This study aimed to design a CdO-rich quaternary tellurite glass screen (C40) and evaluate its efficiency compared to the Lead-Acrylic protective screen. A three-layer advanced heterogeneous breast phantom designed in MCNPX (version 2.7.0) general-purpose Monte Carlo code. Lead acrylic and C40 shielding screens were modeled in the MCNPX and installed between the right and left breast. The reliability of the absorption differences between the lead acrylic and C40 glass were assessed. The results showed that C40 protective glass screen has much superior protection properties compared to the lead acrylic protective screen. The amount of total dose absorbed in the unexposed breast for C40 was found to be much less than that for lead-based acrylic. The protection provided by the C40 glass screen is 35-38% superior to that of the Lead-Acrylic screen. The C40 offer the opportunity to avoid the toxic Pb in the structure of Lead-Acrylic material and may be utilized for mammography to offer superior radioprotection to Lead-Acrylic and significantly lower the dose amount in the unexposed breast. It can be concluded that transparent glass screens may be utilized for radiation protection purposes in critical diagnostic radiology applications through mammography.

Quantification of the Dynamic Visual Acuity Space at Real-World Luminances and Contrasts: The VA-CAL Test.

PurposeBest-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) is assessed at a single standardized luminance with maximum optotype contrast, not reflecting the constantly changing daily-life viewing conditions. For a more realistic estimation of visual performance at varying object contrasts (Cs) and ambient luminances (ALs), we developed a new VA test, VA-CAL.MethodsLandolt-C-rings between 18% and 95% Weber contrast, were presented at 1 m distance (8 Alternative Forced Choice) on a 5.7 degree field in the middle of a frosted glass screen (66 degrees), back-lit by 3060 LEDs (generating ambient luminances between 0–10,000 cd/m²). Visual acuity (VA) was measured in 14 normally sighted participants twice for 8 conditions of ambient luminance and 6 conditions of contrast using a QUEST staircase procedure.ResultsVA improved continuously up to an ambient luminance of 3000 to 5000 cd/m² (best mean VA ± SEM: −0.47 ± 0.03 logMAR at C = 95%, AL = 3000 cd/m²), followed by a decline of VA at higher luminances with good test-retest variability. As expected, reduced contrast leads to a lower VA (worst mean VA ± SEM: −0.03 ± 0.03 logMAR at C = 18%, AL = 0 cd/m²). A 3D plot of these data shows the VA space (VAS) extending between the contrast and luminance axes, which describes the dynamics of VA continuously changing under varying everyday life conditions.ConclusionsVA-CAL, an automated device and procedure, allows for simultaneous evaluation of VA at various contrast-luminance combinations, thus providing a more comprehensive assessment of spatial vision problems not seen with standard BCVA tests.Translational RelevanceThe new BCVA test VA-CAL incorporates a range of everyday contrast and ambient luminance conditions for a more realistic description of visual performance.

Design of thin DLC/TiO2 film interference coatings on glass screen protector using a neon–argon-based gas injection magnetron sputtering technique

This paper reports the results obtained from the deposition of diamond-like carbon (DLC) films on glass substrates by gas injection magnetron sputtering method. The conducted studies aimed to evaluate if the plasma discharge that is generated by varying the proportions of neon−argon (Ne−Ar) gases during pulsed injections (0%–100%) would promote the synthesis of DLC films with desirable sp3 phase by means of electron impact-induced plasma interactions. The obtained DLC films showed the presence of sp3 (CC) hybridized bonds along the Gaussian distribution curve, which revealed that a maximum sp3 content in the range of 32%–45% was obtained along the 40% injection of Ne gas, based on the analysis of the C1s core-level spectra and Raman spectroscopy. A 25% gain in hardness (H) and resistance to cracking (H3/E2) were also observed in the sp3-rich DLC sample (24.1 ± 4 GPa and 0.29 ± 0.04), thus promoting its use in various nanomechanical systems. The change in the sp3/sp2 fraction ratio, demonstrated in this research, corresponded well to a calculated model of graded optical bandgap in the range from 0.53 to 3.01 eV. However, to further minimize the parasitic reflectance from a significant share of sp2 (C=C) domains, thin titanium dioxide (TiO2) (8–36 nm) layers were deposited on the DLC surface, which provided maximum antireflective effect due to interference shift. A significant increase in visible–near-infrared transmittance (up to 87%) was observed as a result of such an interference in DLC/TIO2 bilayers. Our results have practical applications and aid in the design of functional nanocoating structures which are tremendously favored and required to improve the toughness of commercially available glass protectors in hostile environmental conditions.

Development of Machine Vision System for Off-Line Inspection of Fine Defects on Glass Screen Surface

The complicated manufacturing process and poor industrial environment inevitably produces unacceptable scratches on glass screen surface. In this study, a machine vision system is developed to automatically detect fine scratch, which has a width smaller than 30 μm, on glass screen surface for the purpose of appearance quality assessment. The imaging hardware of the proposed machine vision system is made up of a high-resolution camera and a wide field lens so that a high-quality image is achieved in a relatively large image area. The captured glass screen images were firstly classified with YOLOv3 to exactly distinguish fine scratches in two other kinds of defects including dusts and stains. Then the U-Net network was applied on the selected scratches to estimate their dimensions approximately. The proposed algorithms combination has a fast image processing speed and it is able to effectively reduce the false segmentation of other defects. The results of the developed machine vision system show a relatively good agreement with the well-established microscopic method. It demonstrates our machine vision method is able to image and quantitative analyze scratches with dimensions between 25 μm to 100 μm.

Dynamic white-light interferometry via multiwavelength tilt iteration and sliding local least squares.

The growing interest in microprofile measurements for advanced semiconductor manufacturing and electronic glass screens has stimulated the demand for in situ dynamic white-light interferometry (DWLI). However, it is challenging to perform vibration-insensitive measurements because of the broad-spectrum interference. In this Letter, we report a vertical scanning DWLI using multiwavelength tilt iteration and sliding local least squares. Numerical simulations and comparative experiments were conducted to verify the principle and performance of the proposed method. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time such a DWLI has been proposed to achieve excellent vibration-resistant performance without using complex photoelectric compensation systems.

Numerical and experimental investigation of heat transfer across semi-transparent horizontal screen layers

Estimating the total heat flux passing through layers of materials is commonly used to determine the performance and potential of thermal isolation for general building design. The thermal properties of building glazing have been studied theoretically and experimentally for several decade. In this study, an enhanced algorithm for calculating the heat transfer through semi-transparent screens was developed and validated via published data and in-site experiments in order to analyze thermal properties of different screen materials and their combinations under more realistic conditions. The proposed algorithm allows to simplify the linearization of a nonlinear system, which is solved by inverting a tridiagonal matrix. Overall heat transfer coefficients (U-values) for single and multiple thin-screens were calculated numerically and measured using the hot-box method. The building insulating materials such as glass, polymers, aluminium films, and selected commercial thermal screens were examined. The cross-validated results indicated good agreement between calculated, measured and previously published results demonstrating the abilities of the method to predict new data for materials and their combinations that have not yet been estimated. Moreover, the algorithm allows to adopt the experimentally validated results to real ambient conditions by applying relevant scaling methods. The following results demonstrate the insulation properties of various commercial thermal screens. It is found that U-values reduce by 30% and 15% for the combination of a glass screen with an additional layer of a transparent infra-red (IR) radiation absorbing screen and a polyethylene screen, respectively. In comparison, the contributions of an additional screen containing aluminium foil strips could reduce the U-value by about 80% and 70% for polyethylene and glass cover screen, respectively. It was confirmed that low-emissivity materials have a more significant effect on reducing the U-value than insulating materials with IR-absorbing properties. The approach is valid for investigating the performance of thermal insulation in different enclosures, glazing in buildings, or moveable thermal screens in greenhouses.

Smartphone Screen Integrated Optical Breathalyzer.

One third of fatal car accidents and so many tragedies are due to alcohol abuse. These sad numbers could be mitigated if everyone had access to a breathalyzer anytime and anywhere. Having a breathalyzer built into a phone or wearable technology could be the way to get around reluctance to carry a separate device. With this goal, we propose an inexpensive breathalyzer that could be integrated in the screens of mobile devices. Our technology is based on the evaporation rate of the fog produced by the breath on the phone screen, which increases with increasing breath alcohol content. The device simply uses a photodiode placed on the side of the screen to measure the signature of the scattered light intensity from the phone display that is guided through the stress layer of the Gorilla glass screen. A part of the display light is coupled to the stress layer via the evanescent field induced at the edge of the breath microdroplets. We demonstrate that the intensity signature measured at the detector can be linked to blood alcohol content. We fabricated a prototype in a smartphone case powered by the phone’s battery, controlled by an application installed on the smartphone, and tested it in real-world environments. Limitations and future work toward a fully operational device are discussed.

Strengthening Thermal Stability in V2O5-ZnO-BaO-B2O3-M(PO3)n Glass System (M = Al, Mg) for Laser Sealing Applications

Today, the most common way of laser sealing is using a glass frit paste and screen printer. Laser sealing using glass frit paste has some problems, such as pores, nonuniform height, imperfect hermetic sealing, etc. In order to overcome these problems, sealing using fiber types of sealant is attractive for packaging devices. In this work, (70-x)V2O5-5ZnO-22BaO-3B2O3-xM(PO3)n glasses (mol%) incorporated with xM(PO3)n concentration (where M = Mg, Al, n = 2, 3, respectively) were fabricated and their thermal, thermomechanical, and structural properties were investigated. Most importantly, for this type of sealing, the glass should have a thermal stability (ΔT) of ≥80 °C and the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) between the glass and panel should be 1.0 ppm/°C. The highest thermal stability ΔT of the order of 93.2 °C and 112.9 °C was obtained for the 15 mol% of Mg(PO3)2 and Al(PO3)3 doped glasses, respectively. This reveals that the bond strength and connectivity is more strongly improved by trivalent Al(PO3)3. The CTE of a (70-x)V2O5-5ZnO-22BaO-3B2O3-xAl(PO3)3 glass system (mol%) (where x = 5–15, mol%) is in the range of 9.5–15.5 (×10−6/K), which is comparable with the CTE (9–10 (×10−6/K)) of commercial DSSC glass panels. Based on the results, the studied glass systems are considered to be suitable for laser sealing using fiber types of sealant.

All-Nanoparticle Monolayer Broadband Antireflective and Self-Cleaning Transparent Glass Coatings.

The vast majority of light-emitting diode and liquid-crystal displays, solar panels, and windows in residential and industrial buildings use glass panels owing to their high mechanical stability, chemical resistance, and optical properties. Glass surfaces reflect about 4-5% of incident light if no antireflective coating is applied. In addition to energy losses in displays, surface reflections diminish picture quality. Engineering of antireflective coatings can be beneficial for all types of glass screens, specifically for large screens and touch-screen devices when scratch-resistance and self-cleaning properties of the glass surface are also desired. A scalable and robust approach to produce antireflective coatings for glass surfaces with desired optical and mechanical properties is introduced in this work. The developed coating mimics the structure of a moth-eye cornea. The coating is a subwavelength-microstructured thin layer on the glass surface made of a monolayer of hemispherical silica nanoparticles obtained by hydrothermal fusion of spherical particles to the glass substrate. The sequence of the particle deposition in the layer-by-layer process is adjusted to balance attractive-repulsive interactions among nanoparticles and between the nanoparticles and the glass surface to generate coatings with a high surface coverage of up to 70%, which exceeds the 54.7% limit of the random sequential addition model. This level of surface coverage allows for a combination of properties beneficial for the described applications: (i) an average reflectance of 0.5 ± 0.2% for a visible and near-infrared optical spectrum, (ii) an improved mechanical stability and scratch resistance, and (iii) non-wetting behavior.

La disolución de los límites en el espacio religioso. La Capilla del Bosque de Heikki y Kaija Siren

Los arquitectos finlandeses, Heikki y Kaija Siren, levantaron en 1957 una pequeña capilla en el Campus Tecnológico de Otaniemi, expresando los vínculos nórdicos con el paisaje bajo las consignas del racionalismo naturalista. Crearon un espacio de intimidad, en medio de la naturaleza, donde los fieles pudieran ahondar en su interior. La capilla que Erik Bryggman había construido anteriormente para el Cementerio de Turku, con su paño de vidrio lateral, les sirvió de referencia imprescindible y en el desarrollo de su proyecto, los Siren fueron modificando la apertura hacia el paisaje hasta llegar a una secuencia espacial repleta de matices, que comienza y acaba en el bosque. La investigación profundiza en esta obra maestra de la arquitectura moderna de posguerra y la relevancia que ha tenido en la creación de otros espacios litúrgicos coetáneos y posteriores, hasta llegar a las contemporáneas capillas vaticanas, donde el espacio religioso se vincula también singularmente con el lugar, disolviendo sus límites de forma significativa.

Innovative technologies in merchandising

The article summarizes and systematizes modern high-tech digital tools that allow modeling the behavior of a modern consumer and ensuring the efficiency of the functioning of trade enterprises by increasing sales. It has been established that merchandising has an impressive arsenal of high-tech tools, which include: projection showcase, interactive showcase, virtual shelf, 3D showcase, Aislelabs and Prism Skylabs devices, mobile applications, Fetch Robotics and Lowe's robots, ERP system, Amazon Prime Air system, etc. A projection showcase is a showcase glass (screen) covered with a special film (opaque, translucent or completely transparent) of rear projection. A projector is installed behind the screen, which transmits an image to the screen, which is clearly visible from the outside. An interactive showcase (interactive wall, touch showcase) is a video screen that interacts with a person; most often, they use multitouch technology (touch showcases) and contactless sensor technology (Kinect showcases). A virtual shelf is an LCD panel or video wall, with a Kinect system attached to the back, which “reads” human movements and allows you to control the system from a distance. The 3D showcase is an electronic counter with technology that allows 3D images to be literally projected in the air, combined with motion sensors. The motion sensor allows the showcase to react to the trajectory of passers-by, that is, the showcase is static as long as no one walks past it, and as soon as the sensors detect the movement of a person in the reach, the showcase comes to life, the colors, lighting, picture change. Digital technologies in retail are a new interactive advertising tool for attracting and retaining customer attention. Due to the effect of surprise inherent in all interactive solutions in advertising, virtual showcases (interactive walls) attract attention, keep the visitor for a long time, stimulate to make a purchase or receive information.

Tradisi Ruwatan Wayang Bagi Umat Hindu Jawa

<p>The existence of wayang for Javanese society is something that has become a cultural tradition. The existence of the Wayang Tradition is evidenced by the continued emergence of dalang who perform wayang in certain areas with progressive artistic creativity. Wayang is a performance culture that is used as a medium or a means of transferring a particular science as well as entertainment. In the end, the function of wayang shows<br />evolved from media guidance, spectacle, information delivery tools, to the promotion of certain products such as those that often appear on electronic glass screen media.<br />The existence of Wayang Kulit is a Javanese traditional art in particular, which is closely related to the levels of human life or the life cycle. Humans in their lives will be bound by the norms or value systems adopted by their society. The norms that are still valid in Javanese society include the Ruwatan ceremony which contains elements of salvation or cleansing humans from existing sin and calamity. Some people belonging to sukerta<br />(dirty, sin) according to Javanese people’s beliefs must be meruwat. Because if it is not diruwat it will become prey to Batara Kala. Then through Ruwatan by performing the wayang show Murwakala story and reading the Ruwatan mantras the Javanese people believe they will not be afraid and unlucky in their future lives.</p>

TL investigation of glasses from mobile phone screen protectors for radiation accident dosimetry

TL dosimetric characteristics of glass screen protectors were analyzed for radiation accident dosimetry. Radiation-induced TL signal and intrinsic background signal of these glasses were investigated. An attempt to categorize the glasses according to the shape of their radiation-induced TL glow curve was made. Then, the main dosimetric properties were studied for a category of glass. Radiation-induced TL signal was light sensitive and TL measurements were done on the hard-to-bleach component of the TL signal after bleaching with blue LEDs. The sensitization was negligible after 5 cycles “irradiation – pre-bleaching – TL measurement”. The dose response was linear up to 20 Gy. Fading was negligible up to 100 h and limited to ~20% for the investigated time range of 12 days. The results of a dose recovery test were promising. These preliminary results are interesting, but further studies on a larger set of screen protectors are needed to really appreciate the potential of glass extracted from mobile phone screen protectors to be used as fortuitous retrospective dosimeter in the event of a radiological accident.

Crack nucleation and growth during dynamic indentation of chemically-strengthened glass

Dynamic point impact loading is a primary cause of fracture of glass screens on mobile devices. An improved understanding of crack initiation and evolution under high-speed indentation could contribute to the development of materials with better performance, but experimental observations are challenging due to the short timescales and limited depth-of-field of optical microscopy. To address this need, we have observed fracture of a chemically-strengthened glass during dynamic indentation using in situ x-ray phase-contrast imaging (XPCI). Median cracks initiate below the surface of the glass, at a depth approximately corresponding to the depth at which the surface residual compressive stress diminishes to zero. These cracks initially propagate at ∼10ms−1, rapidly accelerating to >100ms−1. We also observe some evidence for rate-dependent behavior, in that indentation at the lowest rates studied here (below about ∼0.15ms−1) fails to initiate cracks regardless of the depth of the indentation (up to 18μm), while indentation at higher rates produces median cracks that either arrest or cause complete fracture, depending on the depth of indentation.

Optimization of process parameters of GMP for 3D ultrathin glass based on cuckoo search algorithm

From the current development trend of mobile phone industry, 3D curved glass screen is undoubtedly the hot spot of the industry, and glass molding processing (GMP) is the main method of 3D curved glass manufacturing at present. 3D curved glass is a kind of curved glass which is formed by heating, softening, and annealing process in the mold. In GMP, process parameters not only determine the efficiency and quality of curved glass processing, but also affect the emission of CO2. Moreover, there is no definite mathematical model for the influence of these involved process parameters on the effect of hot bending. In this paper, the GMP experiment of the finished glass is carried out, and the relationship between the processing parameters and the processing quality of the finished glass is summarized. Furthermore, the experimental data is analyzed to investigate the influence of process parameters on performances of GMP. By cuckoo search algorithm method, the parameters of GMP are optimized.

High-Throughput Screening of Multimetal Sulfides-Modified g-C3N4 for Degradation of Organic Contaminations Based on Ink-Jet Printing (IJP) Technology

In this study, a novel method combining microplate fluorescence imaging (FI) and high-throughput screening (HTS) technology was applied to screen and evaluate the multicomponent metal (Zn, Cd, Ni) sulfides-modified g-C3N4 with high-activity photocatalytic performance. Glass screen printing was creatively used in preparing a photocatalytic reaction microplate containing 225 independent micro-reaction chambers (μRCs) as experiment carriers. A photocatalyst chip comprising 225 ZnxCdyNi1−x−yS/g-C3N4 multicomponent photocatalysts was made via chemical ink-jet printing (IJP) technology, at last 23 high-efficiency M3S/g-C3N4were screened out from the photocatalyst chip by the optical density (OD) method.

Hot-wire thermal stress cleaving process of glass with micro crack-free edges

ABSTRACTMicro cracks can form on the edges of ultra-thin glass sheets during the cutting processes that use a laser beam or a diamond scriber. These micro cracks can extend to the surface, and thus, it is difficult to prevent ultra-thin glass sheets cut using these existing processes from fracturing under either external stress or acceleration. A thermal stress cleaving process that uses a heated electric resistance wire to avoid micro cracks during the cutting process was proposed. The glass sheets are cleaved following a defined profile because of the thermal stress. In this study, a hot-wire thermal stress cleaving model was investigated based on the principle of thermal stress fracture. The thermal stress in the material was calculated. Experimental studies are performed to investigate the processing parameters, and glass sheet with thickness of 300 µm was cut, resulting in micro crack-free edges with a surface roughness of 0.5 nm. The proposed process was also applied to cut X-ray telescope lenses substrates with no micro cracks. Compared with diamond scribing and laser cutting, the proposed method is lower capital costs and yields a nondestructive cut surface for glass. The technique can be applied in manufacturing glass products (i.e. lenses, solar cells, glass screen).