Vision Glasses Research Articles

Interdependence of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Myopia.

Background: Myopia (also known as nearsightedness), a prevalent refractive error, occurs when parallel rays of light converge in front of the retina, resulting in blurry distance vision. Recently, there has been a marked rise in myopia among the global population. The absence of effective methods of controlling the progression of this visual defect prompts the search for new preventive and therapeutic options. The impact of diet and lifestyle on the progression of myopia is still not fully understood. Therefore, our aim was to examine how these factors might affect the advancement of myopia, based on the existing literature. Methods: This manuscript was prepared through an extensive literature review conducted from June 2022 to September 2024. We searched for pertinent research articles using reputable databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. We included all types of publications, with a special focus on the newest ones. Results: Despite far-reaching examination, the relationship between these factors and myopia control remains inconclusive with varying degrees of evidence supporting their roles. Conclusions: However, promoting a healthy lifestyle, particularly increasing physical activity and outdoor time, is essential. Additionally, emerging research suggests that maintaining a balanced diet is important due to the potential impact of certain nutrients on myopia development. Ophthalmologists should also guide parents on the alternative correction methods beyond single vision glasses, especially for rapidly progressing cases. With the rising prevalence of myopia in children, further research is necessary.

Using spectacle lenses with embedded rings of high-spherical microlenses Stellest® for the myopia control in children: two-year results

Purpose: to evaluate the effect of wearing glasses with Stellest® lenses on the spherical equivalent of refraction (SER) dynamics, the yearly progression gradient (YPG) and the axial length (AL) of the eye in children with progressive myopia 12, 18 and 24 months after the start of use. Material and methods. The main and the control groups of the study included children aged 8 to 13 years with low to moderate myopia at the beginning of observation. Stellest® glasses (the main group) were prescribed to 35 children with myopia 3.15 ± 0.19 D, while single vision (SV) glasses (the control group) were prescribed to 32 children with myopia 2.68 ± 0.18 D. The dynamics of the SER, YPG, and AL of the eye were assessed. Results. In the main (Stellest®) group, after 24 months of observation, SER increased by ave. 0.20 ± 0.06 D. YPG was shown to decrease in 93.5 % of cases by ave. 0.81 ± 0.05 D. The AL increased by an average of 0.15 ± 0.03 mm. In the control group, after 24 months of observation, the SER averaged 0.95 ± 0.08 D. YPG showed a decrease of ave. 0.38 ± 0.05 D in 61.1 % of cases. The AL of the eye increased by an average of 0.48 ± 0.04 mm. Conclusion. Stellest® glasses, if worn constantly, effectively slow myopia progression and axial elongation as compared with SV glasses. By the end of the follow-up period, in the Stelest® group, SER showed an increase by 79 % less than in the control group of SV glasses, and the AL showed increase in the length of the eye which was 69 % less than in the control group. Over the 24 months’ wearing of Stellest® glasses, YPG turned out to be 4.8 times lower than in the control group.

Post-Purchase Consumer Behavior; Factors and Their Importance

Post-purchase consumer behavior is a natural reaction of customers to the goods they buy, usually post-purchase consumer behavior is very spontaneous according to the state of the product and the tastes of the consumers themselves. Post-purchase consumer behavior is strongly motivated by product quality according to consumer vision glasses, post-purchase consumer behavior is able to influence product management decisions and is able to influence other customers. The research methodology used by the author is descriptive qualitative with the data collection technique is literature study, the range of materials obtained by the author is quite wide but the author experiences limitations in the sample. There are three factors that influence post-purchase consumer behavior, including satisfaction, completeness and service. So, the subjects in marketing will improve their techniques and coordinate with other divisions. The last is an example of consumer behavior in the form of a review, a review is a statement about something that is stated based on aspects of the product without being influenced by other things, in the sense that the review needs to be done according to the actual situation to avoid any disadvantaged parties.

Factors influencing the need and willingness for presbyopic correction: a cross sectional study from south India

Presbyopia is an age-related physiological phenomenon in which eye gradually losses its ability to accommodate. It is one of the leading causes of visual impairment worldwide, especially in adults above the age of 40. If uncorrected, it can significantly impair a patient's quality of life. This study aims to evaluate the factors which affects patient’s need and willingness to accept presbyopic correction. This cross-sectional analytical study was carried out in a semi urban tertiary care hospital from Jan 2021 to June 2022 among patients aged 40 and above who presented to Outpatient department (OPD). Demographic details, medical history, presenting ocular complaints pertaining to presbyopia, spectacle use and decision regarding using near vision correction were noted. Ocular examination included refraction and ocular biometry. Factors that may have influenced complaints of presbyopia or willingness to accept presbyopic correction were analysed. Three hundred and forty two patients with a mean age of 48.55 ± 6.68 years were included. Of these, 262 (76.61%) patients presented with chief complaints related to presbyopia. Those with higher educational qualification (p = 0.031), hypermetropia (p = 0.021), shallower AC depth (p = 0.028) and on medications for systemic ailments (p = 0.01), were more likely to present with chief complaints attributable to presbyopia. Among them, those with higher educational qualifications (p = 0.02) and skilled workers were more likely to accept near vision glasses (p = 0.02), while those with lower Hb (p = 0.01) and myopia (p = 0.01) were less likely to accept correction for presbyopia. Among the 80 patients without chief complaints related to presbyopia, 35 (43.75%) were not willing to accept near vision glasses. Those with higher BMI (p = 0.04) and hypermetropes (p = 0.05) were more willing to accept presbyopic correction. Presbyopia constitutes a significant reason for patients above the age of 40 visiting eye care facility. Multiple socio-economic, systemic and ocular factors influenced both the chief complaints related to presbyopia and willingness to accept presbyopic correction.

Influence of prismatic effect due to decentration of optical center in ophthalmic lens.

Induced prismatic effects due to poor fitting spectacle frames is a common problem, seen in most of the spectacle wearers and this improper fitting is often due to optical center demarcation on lenses and this error causes asthenopic symptoms and diplopia. However, these errors are most common in developing countries due to lack of awareness, hence a standardized regulation is required. The current study aimed to estimate the amount of prismatic effect that is induced due to the decentration of an optical center in ophthalmic lens. A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted in single vision spectacle wearers (N = 120) with a mean age of 25 ± 5 years. The pupillometric evaluation was performed to mark the pupil center on the spectacle lens. A lensometry evaluation was done to mark the optic center of the spectacle lens. A comparison was made to note whether the optic center is aligned with pupillary center. Objective assessment was performed through Prentice's rule (P = cF) and subjective symptoms were assessed through a validated visual comfort questionnaire. In this sample, around 57% of the individual with single vision glasses were not looking through the optic center and experiencing induced prismatic effect of -0.7 to 0.6 prism diopter, with mean decentration of 3.5 mm. Forty percent of the individuals with misaligned optic center showed asthenopic symptoms and visual discomfort. Optometrist should check quality of dispensing and visual performance before handing over the newly dispensed glasses to the patients.

Making Offline and Online Work Procedures for Vision Glasses Optical Store in Surabaya

Vision Glasses is a Surabaya-based eyewear shop selling high-quality, affordable glasses, lenses, and eyewear accessories. This thesis intends to discuss the existing managerial issue in Vision Glasses, namely work performance. This research employs theory of constraints and the theory of work procedure by Boutros & Purdie. After collecting the data from the owner and employees of Vision Glasses, the writer discovers that Vision Glasses needs to apply a work procedure which contains rules or guidelines such as the policy, customer-service ethics, and division instructions for the employees and as a guideline for the company to discipline the employees or deal with internal conflict.

Assessment of the Clinical Effectiveness of DRL Orthokeratology Lenses vs. Single-Vision Spectacles in Controlling the Progression of Myopia in Children and Teenagers: 2 Year Retrospective Study.

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of orthokeratology treatment with DRL lenses on the control of myopia progression compared with single vision glasses users (monofocal glasses). It was also possible to analyze the clinical efficacy of orthokeratology treatment with DRL lenses for myopia correction in children and adolescents in a 2 year retrospective, multicenter study, performed in eight different ophthalmology centers in France. A total of 360 data records of children and adolescents with myopia between -0.50 D and -7.00 D at baseline visit, who completed treatment and had a centered outcome, were selected for the study from a database of 1271. The final sample included subjects undergoing orthokeratology treatment with DRL lenses (n = 211 eyes) and spectacle wearers (n = 149 eyes). After one year of treatment, the data analysis shows that the DRL lens has a refractive myopia progression control rate of 78.5% compared with the spectacle wearers (DRL M change = -0.10 ± 0.25 D, p < 0.001 Wilcoxon test and Glasses M change = -0.44 ± 0.38 D, p < 0.001 Wilcoxon test). Similar results were found after 2 years of treatment (80% with 310 eyes). This study showed the clinical efficacy of orthokeratology DRL lenses compared to monofocal spectacle wearers in controlling myopia progression in children and adolescents in a 2 year retrospective study.

Common eye illness health literacy rate in the rural population of Punjab

Background: A patient’s health literacy is fundamental for navigating the health system and managing disease. The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge and perception of prevalent eye diseases among the rural population of Punjab. Aim: To promote health education in order to improve health literacy and eliminate preventable and treatable blindness. Methodology: The subject&#39;s records were collected from the camp side at the community. Patients under the age of 18 were excluded from the study. In addition, unwilling participants and transient residents are eliminated from the study. The subject&#39;s age, gender, and other demographic information were collected at the campsite. This study included 251 individuals, 124 of whom were male and 126 of whom were female. 90 participants were illiterate, compared to 161 who were literate. They ranged in age from 20 to 85. Result: Cataract awareness was 217, while glaucoma awareness was 208. 216 respondents were aware that diabetes and hypertension might cause eye difficulties. 178 individuals were able to cure minor eye conditions at home. 168 individuals were prescribed near/far vision glasses. 218 respondents were aware that children aged 1 to 2 years require an eye screening. 187 individuals believe that mobile phones and computers can cause eye problems, whereas 199 are aware of digital eye strain. Conclusion: The present study concludes that the majority of participants in this survey were aware of prevalent eye disorders and their causes; therefore, there is a need for ocular healthcare to focus on weaker areas of knowledge through intervention.

Prevalence, pattern, and compliance with spectacles use among the elderly in homes for the aged in South India: The Hyderabad Ocular Morbidity in Elderly Study (HOMES).

This study was conducted to report on the pattern of spectacles use and compliance among the elderly (aged ≥60 years) in homes for the aged in Hyderabad region in Telangana State, India. Participants were recruited from 41 homes for the aged centres for comprehensive eye health assessments. A questionnaire was used to collect information on current and past use of spectacles, type of spectacles, spectacles provider and amount paid for the spectacles. For those that reported using spectacles in the past, information was collected on the reasons for their discontinuation. Compliance with spectacles use was assessed after eight months of provision of the spectacles. A total of 1182/1513 participants were examined from 41 homes for the aged in Hyderabad, India. The mean age of the participants examined was 75 years (standard deviation (SD): 8.8 years; range: 60-108 years); 764 (64.6%) of them were women and 240 participants (20.3%) had no formal education. The prevalence of spectacles use was 69.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 67.1-72.4; n = 825). Bifocals were the most commonly used type of spectacles (86.7%) followed by single vision glasses for distance vision (7.4%). Private eye clinics were the largest service provider (85.5%) followed by local optical outlets (6.9%) and other service providers (7.7%). The prevalence of spectacles compliance was 81.5% (211/259). Use of spectacles and compliance are high among the elderly living in residential care homes in the Hyderabad region. Spectacles use can be further improved by periodic eye assessments along the lines similar to school eye programs, which can immensely benefit this vulnerable, aged population.

Effectiveness of early spectacle intervention on visual outcomes in babies at risk of cerebral visual impairment: a parallel group, open-label, randomised clinical feasibility trial protocol

IntroductionHypoaccommodation is common in children born prematurely and those with hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE), with the potential to affect wider learning. These children are also at risk of longer-term cerebral...

An exploratory study on the effect of a four-week stroboscopic vision training program on soccer dribbling performance

BACKGROUND: Perceptual-cognitive skill is a crucial component of expert performance in sport as expert athletes rely on the integration and processing of sensory information to execute complex actions. One of the topics of interest to skill acquisition researchers is therefore how the perceptual-cognitive system can be trained, and how that affects sport skill performance. One of the methods suggested to be able to aid in the training of perceptual-cognitive skill is restricted visual feedback training. Recently, stroboscopic vision glasses have been proposed as a tool that can restrict visual feedback during sport training and may therefore provide a useful tool for training sport-specific skills.However, despite its use in practice, evidence for the beneficial effect of stroboscopic vision on sport-specific performance across youth athletes with a range of performance levels is currently lacking. AIM: Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of a four-week soccer training program with (experimental group) or without (control group) stroboscopic vision on the dribbling performance of relatively fast and slow dribblers. METHOD: To measure dribbling performance, this study used the Ugent Soccer dribbling task. RESULTS: A Repeated Measures MANOVA revealed that four weeks of stroboscopic vision training did not improve soccer dribbling skill measured through the time taken to complete the dribbling task as well as the number of touches of the ball while dribbling. CONCLUSION: While stroboscopic vision can likely lead to short term changes in perceptual-cognitive skill, it is likely not related to persistent changes in soccer dribbling performance in youth soccer players.

The issue of juvenile myopia from the parents’ point of view

The success of preventing the development and progression of myopia in children depends on establishing compliance between the doctor and the patient (parents).Purpose: to study the attitude of parents of myopic children towards the issue of myopia and methods of its control.Materials and methods. 106 doctors from 53 regions of Russia and 2931 parents of myopic children took part in a prospective multicenter epidemiological observational study in the form of a questionnaire.Results. As preferable interventions to control myopia, parents mention single vision glasses (67.9 %), glasses with perifocal lenses (16.3 %), bifocal or progressive glasses (3.4 %), other types of glasses (1.6 %), soft contact lenses (11.5 %), orthokeratology lenses (5.8 %), while 13.8 % of myopic children do not use any of those. The average time that children spend on visual work amounts to 10 hours a day, while their light-time daily outdoor activities last for 2.12 ± 1.39 hours. Only 27.1 % of the parents surveyed follow all recommendations of the eye doctor. The reasons for not following are lack of time (45.1 %), complexity of implementation (7.3 %), high cost of treatment (8.5 %), other reasons (39.1 %). Parents consider that the most effective interventions to control myopia are eye drops instillation courses (53.4 %), device-assisted therapy (59.6 %), home visual gymnastics (52.4 %), orthokeratology lenses (13.7 %), bifocal soft contact lenses (4.6 %), specialty glasses (22.7 %), vitamins intake (44.4 %), while 10.6 % believe opinion that no effective myopia control methods exist.Conclusion. Parents choose single vision glasses as the main optical interventi on method. Near visual work significantly reduces physical activity in the children’s daily routine. Parents’ failure to comply with the medical advice is mostly due to lack of time. The most effective methods of myopia control are considered to be pharmacological treatment, device-assisted therapy and home visual gymnastics.

Visualization of initial bacterial colonization on dentin using fluorescence activating headlight for fluorescence enhanced theragnosis

ObjectiveTo evaluate accuracy of caries detection and the application-sensitivity of the new Designs for Vision's REVEAL™ utilizing a fluorescence activating headlight for excitation purpose. Materials and methodsREVEAL dental fluorescence loupes and headlight system were used. Occlusal enamel was removed, and mid-coronal dentine was exposed. Carious artificial lesion was created. Streptococcus mutans, Actinomyces naeslundii, and Streptococcus sanguis were used. The assessment was performed using two diagnostic methods: naked eye and Design for Vision Glasses with inter examiner blinding using two calibrated examiners. After 7 days, Raman measurements were made on dentin disc specimens with 785 nm wavelength. The bacterial counts in colony-forming units (CFU) were used to examine the growth kinetics of biofilms. The collagen fibril structure within the discs was performed using Transmission Electron Microscope. Scanning Electron Microscope was used to image samples at various magnifications. FISH was performed with specimens fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde in phosphate-buffered saline. Reproducibility was measured by Cohen kappa scores, values of which range from 0 for less than chance agreement to 1 for almost perfect agreement (p < 0.05). ResultsA significant kappa score of 0.706 showing significant reproducibility for the given diagnostic techniques, as all the teeth included in the study were spotted with the lesions. Most bacteria were detected using the CFU technique. The Raman bands scanned across the dentin surface at 960 cm−1 (P–O peak) are assigned to hydroxyapatite phosphate vibrations. FISH identified nearly all stained bacteria as days and time and dental hard tissue had a significant impact on the number of adherent bacteria. Scanning electron micrographs of polished cross sections of demineralized and non-demineralized specimens with perpendicular each tubule orientation (zone of demineralized dentin inset. ConclusionFluorescent enhanced theragnosis through Reveal vision glasses can ensure constant monitoring and diagnosis of caries progress . This may allow for a better clinical outcome.

Study on physical and optical properties Sun Guard HP Clima Guard Neutral 70 and clear vision glasses

Abstract The article offers the attention of two type glass the structural, physical and optical properties of clear vision glass and Sun Guard HP Clima Guard Neutral 70 glass were studied. Transmission spectra of clear vision and Sun Guard HP Clima Guard Neutral 70 glasses were analyzed by UV-VIS-NIR spectrometer at room temperature. The transmittance of the clear vision glass is higher than Sun Guard HP Clima Guard Neutral 70 on the other hand the heat comes with the light. Reflectance spectra of the clear vision glass is also higher than that of Sun Guard HP Clima Guard Neutral 70 glass indicated that clear vision can reflect heat better than Sun Guard HP Clima Guard Neutral 70 glass

Christ as Infinite and Finite: Rowan Williams’ Christ the Heart of Creation

In this splendid volume, Rowan Williams offers a modern Christology re-presenting and interpreting the Cyrillian theology as expressed in the councils of Constantinople II and III. A “single Subject” Christology is built up from Scriptural, Patristic, and Scholastic sources, drawing heavily on Maximus the Confessor, Thomas Aquinas, and Nicholas Cusanus. The conceptual framework for the whole is provided by Austin Farrer, especially in his early essay, Infinite and Finite, and in his later Bampton Lectures, The Glass of Vision. Whether a Christology adhering closely to axioms of incommensurability and non-competition between Creator and creature can undergird a fully Chalcedonian Christology is the demanding query posed at the heart of Christ the Heart of Creation.

Short-term effects of atropine combined with orthokeratology (ACO) on choroidal thickness

PurposeTo analyse the one-month change in subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFChT) of myopic children treated with 0.01 % atropine, orthokeratology (OK), or their combination. MethodsThis is a prospective, randomized controlled trial. One hundred fifty-four children aged between 8 and 12 years with a spherical equivalent (SE) of -1.00 to -6.00 diopters were enrolled. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive 0.01 % atropine and orthokeratology (ACO, n = 39), 0.01 % atropine and single vision glasses (atropine, n = 42), orthokeratology and placebo (OK, n = 36), or placebo and single vision glasses (control, n = 37). SFChT was assessed using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Ocular parameters, including axial length (AL), were measured using a Lenstar LS 900. ResultsSFChT significantly increased in the ACO (14.12 ± 12.88 μm, p < 0.001), OK (9.43 ± 9.14 μm, p < 0.001) and atropine (5.49 ± 9.38 μm, p < 0.001) groups, while it significantly decreased in the control group (-4.81 ± 9.93 μm, p = 0.006). The one-month change in SFChT was significantly different between the control and treatment groups (p < 0.001). The results of pairwise comparisons among the treatment groups showed that the magnitude of the SFChT change was larger in the ACO group than in the atropine group (p = 0.002). The changes in the ACO and OK groups were not significantly different (p = 0.326). ConclusionThe combination of OK and atropine induced a greater increase in SFChT than monotherapy with atropine, which might indicate a better treatment effect for childhood myopia control.

Interventions for preventing falls in people after stroke.

Background: falls are one of the most common medical complications after stroke with a reported incidence of 7% in the first week after stroke onset. Studies investigating falls in the later phase after stroke report an incidence of up to 73% in the first year post-stroke. Objectives: to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions aimed at preventing falls in people after stroke. Search methods: we searched the trials registers of the Cochrane Stroke Group (November 2012) and the Cochrane Bone, Joint and Muscle Trauma Group (May 2012), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) in The Cochrane Library 2012, Issue 5, MEDLINE (1950 to May 2012), EMBASE (1980 to May 2012), CINAHL (1982 to May 2012), PsycINFO (1806 to May 2012), AMED (1985 to May 2012) and PEDro (May 2012). We also searched trials registers, checked reference lists and contacted authors. Selection criteria: randomised controlled trials of interventions where the primary or secondary aim was to prevent falls in people after stroke. Data collection and analysis: review authors independently selected studies for inclusion, assessed trial quality, and extracted data. We used a rate ratio and 95% confidence interval (CI) to compare the rate of falls (e.g. falls per person year) between intervention and control groups. For risk of falling we used a risk ratio and 95% CI based on the number of people falling (fallers) in each group. We pooled results where appropriate. Main results: we included 10 studies with a total of 1004 participants. One study evaluated the effect of exercises in the acute and subacute phase after stroke but found no significant difference in rate of falls (rate ratio 0.92, 95% CI 0.45 to 1.90, 95 participants). The pooled result of four studies investigating the effect of exercises on preventing falls in the chronic phase also found no significant difference for rate of falls (rate ratio 0.75, 95% CI 0.41 to 1.38, 412 participants). For number of fallers, one study examined the effect of exercises in the acute and subacute phase after stroke but found no significant difference between the intervention and control group (risk ratio 1.19, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.71, 95 participants). The pooled result of six studies examining the effect of exercises in the chronic phase also found no significant difference in number of fallers between the intervention and control groups (risk ratio 1.02, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.24, 616 participants). The rate of falls and the number of fallers was significantly reduced in two studies evaluating the effect of medication on preventing falls; one study (85 participants) compared vitamin D versus placebo in institutionalised women after stroke with low vitamin D levels, and the other study (79 participants) evaluated alendronate versus alphacalcidol in hospitalised people after stroke. One study provided single lens distance glasses to regular wearers of multifocal glasses. In a subgroup of 46 participants post-stroke there was no significant difference in the rate of falls (rate ratio 1.08, 95% CI 0.52 to 2.25) or the number of fallers between both groups (risk ratio 0.74, 95% CI 0.47 to 1.18). Authors' conclusions: there is currently insufficient evidence that exercises or prescription of single lens glasses to multifocal users prevent falls or decrease the number of people falling after being discharged from rehabilitation following their stroke. Two studies testing vitamin D versus placebo and alendronate versus alphacalcidol found a significant reduction in falls and the number of people falling. However, these findings should be replicated before the results are implemented in clinical practice

RPAS IN THE SUPPORT FOR PHOTOGRAMMETRY EDUCATION: CASES IN TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING AND DOCUMENTATION OF HISTORICAL MONUMENTS

Abstract. Currently on the world market there are several models and manufacturers of RPAS-UAV. This equipment made it possible to complete the entire flow of the photogrammetric mapping process in teaching for the students of the Cartographic Engineering course. In the Institute of Geosciences, this course already counted on the photogrammetric stations, equipped with hardware for 3D visualization (graphic card, high-speed monitors and stereoscopic vision glasses), photogrammetric software for data processing, and equipment for geodetic measurement control points. Before the acquisition of the RPAS, for the accomplishment of the academic works, it was necessary to buy or to look for in donations from companies of aerial photographs, that did not always correspond to an area of scientific interest. In addition, the scenes in the photos were not current, and it was impossible to have control points that were pre-signalized. From the availability of the RPAS in the University, the students began to have more interest by Photogrammetry in their professional end of coursework and throughout the disciplines. It became possible to carry out in practice all the processes involved in the mapping of nearby areas of interest, from the planning to the generation of photogrammetric products, such as the generation of DTM (Digital Terrain Model), DEM (Digital Elevation Model), orthophotomaps and extraction of features. In addition to products related to the 3D mapping of terrains, mainly through the RPAS of rotating wings, there was also the possibility of mapping and reconstructing 3D structures, such as buildings of historical monuments.

A CHANGE IN REALITY: DISCOVERING THE VALUE OF THE VIRTUAL DEMENTIA TOUR WITH FAMILY DEMENTIA CAREGIVERS

Family dementia caregiving can be frustrating due to communication challenges. Approximately 50% of family dementia caregivers admit to some form of mistreatment of their dependent elder living with dementia. The purpose of this interpretative phenomenological study was to discover family dementia caregivers’ perceptions of the Virtual Dementia Tour (VDT)®. The VDT® provided a simulation of dementia including a first person perspective of the cognitive deficits commonly seen in dementia. Participants spent eight -minutes attempting to perform common activities while experiencing sensory deprivation (poorly fitting gloves, noise producing headphones, and limited vision glasses). In-depth open semi-structured interviews were held with ten participants who were recruited from a community event offering the Virtual Dementia Tour®. The research questions were, “What are family dementia caregivers’ perception of the Virtual Dementia Tour®?” and “How might the Virtual Dementia Tour® impact the family dementia caregivers’ reality of the person living with dementia?” A modification of Colaizzi’s (1978) method was used for interpretative phenomenological analysis. Five overarching themes emerged from the participants’ language: Befuddled and Bewildered; I Just Didn’t Know, Eye Opener, Doing Differently; and It Changed Me. The study findings suggest that family dementia caregivers interpreted their VDT(r) experience with empathic understanding and responsiveness. In some, this had a powerful impact with a subsequent reality change toward their family member living with dementia, which might lessen frustration and improve dyadic relational harmony and care. This study begins to fill a knowledge gap about the Virtual Dementia Tour’s® value with family dementia caregivers in community settings.

Book Review: Scripture, Metaphysics, and Poetry: Austin Farrer's the Glass of Vision with Critical Commentary

Scripture, Metaphysics, and Poetry: Austin Farrer's The Glass of Vision with Critical Commentary. Edited by Robert MacSwain. Ashgate Studies in Theology, Imagination and the Arts. London: Routledge, 2013. 234 pp. $149.95 (cloth).Theology is a long, prayerful, unfinished conversation, a conversation not only between the theologians, but between each theologian and his or her sources. It is also a conversation in each of us, between text and context, between reason and imagination and the revelation that they seek to apprehend. And in all that conversation our individual and collective thinking is underpinned and enabled by the God in whom we live and move and have our being, so that theology is, finally, a conversation with the God who is its subject.This important book enables us not only to overhear, but to engage in an important part of that conversation. Indeed its form and content model the notion of theology as conversation. At the core of the book, and comprising its first part, is a critical edition of Austin Farrers neglected masterpiece The Glass of Vision, the series of eight Bampton lectures he gave at Oxford in 1948. These lectures explore the problems and then the mystery of how we come to know and trust revelation; explore the senses in which scripture is inspired; and explore how that inspiration is distinct from and yet related to the inspiration of poetry. Farrar considers with grace and clarity the very way in which grace itself becomes clear to us, and at the heart of his work is the conviction that the divine mind works in and through the workings of both reason and imagination, especially when they are working together, and that revelation in its deepest sense is given by image and vision, even and especially where that image and vision are conveyed verbally, as in the parables and teachings of Jesus. It follows that the imagination, and particularly the poetic imagination, which makes and interprets metaphor out of image, is an essential element in our reception of and response to revelation. As Robert MacSwain points out in his introduction, this strong emphasis on image, imagination, and metaphor, this central place for poetry in the making of theology, anticipates many currents and concerns in contemporary theology. In that sense Farrer's book was in advance of its time, and MacSwain s painstaking and scholarly work in making it available in this critical edition is timely.But that is only part of what is on offer here, for this edition models theology as conversation in more ways than one. There is the conversation embedded in The Glass of Vision itself, Farrer's conversation with his original hearers, a conversation with the poets, prophets, and gospels he cites, and indeed a conversation with God, for these are lecture-sermons and each closes with a different and ever more beautiful doxology. …